Viruses

Size and structure

viral size
- 20-14000 nm
- -need electron miscroscope to
view

-not grow by increasing in size

or dividing
-not respond to external
stimuli

Host range

-Cannot move on their own

-virus can infect variety of

host cell.

-Cannot carry on independent

metabolism

-Byk host cell yg virus can

infect

-no ribosomes or means of

protein synthesis

-Specific viruses often

have narrow host range

-no ATP generating system

-NOT ALIVE!
-Inside living cells, they
express their genes and use
cellular machinery to produce
more virus particles.

Some virus can only

infect:
1) Plants
2) Invertebrates
3) Protozoans
4) Fungi

-Enveloped viruses
amek a bit of the
host cell membrane
(in form of envelope)
-dalam envelope tu,
some or all of the
regular membrane
proteins-------- viral
proteins
-Some proteins form
a binding layer
between the
envelope and the
capsid
-Glycoproteins
remain exposed as
spikes (peplomers)(for attachment)
Function of the
viral

Nucleic
Acids: At
the Core
of a Virus

Hemagglutinin spikes

Neuraminidase spikes

-500 per virus

-100 per virus

-Allows virus to recognize

-Help virus separate

from infected host cell

and attach to body cells

-Antibodies made to these spikes

Genome- the sum total of the genetic information

carried by an organism
-Sikit no of viral gene. BECAUSE only have the
genes necessary to invade host cells and redirect
their activity
-The total amount of nucleic acid varies from a few
thousand nucleotides (or pairs) to as many as
250,000 nucleotides. (E. Coli's= ~4 million
nucleotide pairs.)

DNA VIRUSES

RNA VIRUSES
1)Mostly singlestranded
-Positive-sense RNA:
genomes ready for
immediate
translation into
proteins
-Negative-sense
RNA: genomes have
to be converted into
the proper form to

Other substance in virus

particle:
-Can contain enzymes
for specific operations
within the host cell
-Polymerases to
synthesize DNA and RNA
-Replicases to copy RNA

DNA Virus Multiplication

RETROVIRUS Multiplication

Retro maksudnya is backward

HIV virus that causes AIDS is------- retrovirus
Backward
is ability
of retroviruses chnge : RNA
-DNA viruses that
infect most
animals
------- DNA
HSV-1 causes cold sores
By enzyme REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
HSV-2 causes genital herpes
-- in
The
after
dah
jadi
DNA, the viral DNA moves into
human
the host chromosome and never leaves
HHV-3 causes chickenpox
Viral DNA directs the synthesis of new virus
-All exhibit property
called
LATENCY
particles
that
infect more cells (COZ at this time
WHICH IS --- > the
TheDNA
viraldah
DNAintergrate
integrateswith the host cell)
into your DNA and
with you
forever
Thestays
integrated
viral
DNA is protected from the
causing periodicimmune
out break
of
disease
system
NO CURE for latent
Thediseases
infection remains inside your cells
permanently
So HIV infections can only be treated NOT cured
because the viral DNA is now a part of YOU!