May | June 2010

Feature title: Enhancing the commercial and economic productivity of shrimp

Penaeus vannamei with phytobiotic technology
International Aquafeed is published five times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.
All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies,
the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of
information published.
©Copyright 2009 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form
or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

 F: Phytobiotic technology
Table 3: Harvest results

Enhancing the commercial and

Orego-Stim®
There are compelling reasons why which is a major Control Aquatract Difference
breeding shrimp for resistance to a sin- buyer of shrimp
gle viral pathogen, using current selective products on the

economic productivity of shrimp Penaeus

Total harvest Weight (kg) 2,037 3,509 +1,472
breeding strategies, may not be the most world market has
prudent course of action for the long-term changed its policy Feed intake (kg) 9,842 12,767 +2,925
viability of the shrimp farming industry on import legisla- FCR 4.83 3.64 -1.19

vannamei with phytobiotic technology (Moss et al. 2005).

Larvae nutrition
tion and border
inspections.
Shrimp food
Growth period (days)
Survival rate (%)
146
22.5
146
41.3 +19
0

No. shrimp harvested 84,695 148,252 +63,557

Since marine fish and shrimp farming products have con-
by Matt Pearce MSc first became commercially viable on a sig- sistently made up
Table 4: Economic returns
nificant scale, the larval and hatchery phases about half of the
of growth have been particularly susceptible failed EU rapid alert Orego-Stim®
Control Aquatract Difference
It appears that the 2006 EU ban against Antibiotic Growth Promoters in animal feeds has taken a world to high levels of mortality. tests in the last few
leading stance in a trend that is likely to continue in order to eliminate residual drugs in food and protect There are several reasons for this. It is years.
the efficacy of drugs for human health. vital to use a nutritionally suitable feed of a The marker Total harvest Weight (kg) 2,037 3,509 +1,472
correct size, colour and texture that moves residue for the Shrimp sales revenue ($) 7,987 13,759 +5,772
This has led to changes in agricultural and aquaculture practices that could soon take place in other in such a way to attract the fish or shrimp’s banned nitrofuran Total feed consumed (Kg) 9,842 12,767 +2.925
regions around the world. This article reports on a field trial using Orego-Stim® Aquatract as a phytobiotic instinctive feeding behaviour. Despite the veterinary antibi-
feed additive in Whiteleg Shrimp Culture P. vannamei in Panama. Total feed cost ($) 6,504 8,436 +1,933
development of advanced commercial pellet otic nitrofurazone
OSA cost ($) - 970 -
diets, it has been impossible to replace live called semi-
feeds in the early part of the life-cycles of cabazide has been Profit ($) 1,484 4,352 2,869

I
fish and shrimp. Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) frequently detect- Return on investment - - 1 : 2.96
n the last decade, P. vannamei (SPF) shrimp. Such shrimp are designated vides resistance to a particular strain of are fed to shrimp larvae between the 7th ed in foods (47
has emerged to become the free from one or more of a particular virus for example. and 26th days of their lives. percent of recent
number one shrimp of choice for named pathogen which is usually one However, as is known with other mam- This is a critical period to ensure high nitrofuran EU Rapid Alerts involve V. cholerae etc.) have been well-docu-
cultivation around the world. of the nine viruses’ that are can infect malian and human viruses’, they have the rates of survival when the fast-growing semicabazide). Importers of shrimp mented (WHO, 1999).
shrimp. ability to mutate into different strains and shrimp larvae need an energy-boost not have reported
Today P. vannamei represents approxi- SPF condition is lost once the shrimp therefore SPR shrimp may not necessar- available from other commercial feeds. It in the past
mately three quarters of the world’s farmed leaves the SPF facility, unless they are ily convey the same level of protection has been estimated that a single shrimp rampant use
shrimp and has replaced the previous transferred directly to an equal status bio- against all strains of viruses’. Similar to will consume 1750 brine shrimp during this of antibiotics The Next Generation of Toxin Binder
favourite P. monodon due to a tolerance of secure facility. other organisms, there appears to be a two-and-a-half week period. such as chlo-
higher stocking densities per hectare and Consequently, SPF status is a temporary trade-off between disease resistance and The rapid development of shrimp farm- ramphenicol
better feed conversion ratios both of which condition that is not passed on genetically. shrimp growth (Chevassus and Dorson ing in Southeast Asia and Latin America and nitrofuran
result in higher return on investment for Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) shrimp 1990, Henryon et al. 2002, Ceniacua & in the 1980s and 1990s created a huge in aquaculture
farmers and consequently the retail value is another innovative technology that pro- Akvaforsk 2002). demand for brine shrimp and transformed farms. Traces of
chain. the industry, over 80 percent of which antibiotic resi-
come from the great salt lakes of Utah, USA. dues in aquac-
Bio-secure shrimp production Trial - The trial took place at Eneríque Enseñat at Coclé in Panama ulture shrimps
Shrimp aquaculture continues to find Grow-out nutrition exported in
ways of applying revolutionary innovation Table 1: Trial Set-up Once the larvae are transferred into the the past have
grow-out ponds, their challenges change prompted
Average
Stocking Initial Total number from dietary nutritional composition to some of the
Pond
Density Stocking of larvae disease resistance in an aquatic environ- E u ro p e a n
Surface Area
shrimp/m2 weight g Stocked
“Shrimp food products Hectares ment that doesn’t provide the same level of countries to
bio-security as the nursery. reject several
have consistently made Control 9 3.8 0.003 1,102,000 Ballast water exchange, for example in export con-
the Panama Canal, is a significant pathway signments. The
up about half of the Orego-Stim® 9 4.3 0.003 720,000
for shrimp virus transmission from wild development
failed EU rapid alert Table 2: Feeding Methods
stock. It is more difficult to assess the and spread
health of shrimp populations in the ponds of antimicro-
tests in the last few Feed Fed % Orego- than the nursery, and any delay in the lag bial resistant
Feed %
body weight Stim® Control phase in recognition of potential indications human patho-
years.” per day
Crude Protein
Application of disease can have significant unwanted gens (motile
consequences for the farmer in terms of Aeromonas
0.003 - 5g 3-5 40 2kg/tonne - mortality and lowered FCR. spp., E. tarda,
and technology to its commercial farming Historically, one way that shrimp Escherichia
5 - 15g 3-4 35 2kg/tonne - Cranfield Innovation Centre
practices. farms have combated disease has coli, V. vuln- University Way, Cranfield Technology Park,
15g - >20g 3-4 35 2kg/tonne - Cranfield, UK MK43 0BT
One such revolution has been the been with the use of antibiotics, ificus, V. para- Tel: 0044 1234 436130
development of specific pathogen free however in recent years the EU h a e m o ly t i c u s , www.meriden-fusion.com E-mail: sales@meriden-ah.com

18 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | May-June 2010 May-June 2010 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 19

Meriden_FusionAdvert_90x132.indd 1 4/16/10 3:09 PM
F: Phytobiotic technology Naturally ahead

8 - 10 July 2010
Figure 1: Feed conversion ratio Figure 2: Survival rates

Jakarta Convention Center

Indonesia

BIOMIN Aqua Products

Naturally ahead in aquaculture!
INDONESIA’S NO.1
Feed Treatment Methods and survival rates are shown in Figures References
FISHERIES INDUSTRY SHOW
A commercial shrimp feed was used 1 and 2. Feed conversion ratio was Ceniacua & Akvaforsk 2002. Selective
for the entire duration of the trial manu-
factured by a leading Shrimp feed manu-
reduced by an average of 25 percent in
the Orego-Stim ® Aquatract ponds.
breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei in
Colombia. Panorama Acuicola 7(2): 30-31.
“The future of Aquaculture Industry”
facturer. Shrimp were fed twice a day at a Total survival rates of the Orego-Stim® Chevassus, B and M Dorson, M 1990.
rate of 60 percent their daily ration in the Aquatract ponds were almost twice the Genetics of resistance to disease in fishes.
morning and 40 percent in the afternoon. control ponds. Table 3 shows the huge differ- Aquaculture 85: 83-107.
The trial lasted for a peri-
od of four-and-a-half months
with post larvae stocked into Figure 3: Total harvest weight and FCR INDONESIA’S NO.1 LIVESTOCK AND FEED INDUSTRY SHOW

five ponds, three control and

two Orego-Stim ® Aquatract
trials. Shrimp were harvested
at an average weight of
between 23g and 26g.
Orego-Stim® Aquatract was
applied topically to the pellets
prior to feeding at a concen-
tration of two kg per tonne
dissolved into a small quantity of
blended marine fish oil.

Feed conversion
ratio & Survival rates
The trial was compromised by an inva-
sion of a species of marine ghost shrimp
which competed for commercial feed and
had cannibalistic effects.
Consequently, FCR was higher than
expected and survivability was lower
than expected. The feed conversion ratio
Figure 4: Harvest weight per hectare
ences in harvest parameters made between
the two treatments with a 72 percent
increase in final total harvest weight and a 75
percent increase in the numbers of shrimp
harvested.
Conclusion
Mr Juan Achurra, the farm owner said,
“In this field trial done on
my farm, the Orego-Stim®
Aquatract groups produced
3.5 tonnes harvest weight
compared to the control group
which produced two tonnes.
“Harvest weights per hec-
tare were 913kg with Orego-
Stim® Aquatract and 472kg per
hectare in the control groups.
“These increased harvest
weights gave me a 3:1 return
on investment on the cost of
Henryon, M,A Jokumsen, P Berg, I Lund, PB
Pedersen, NJ Olesen, and WJ Slierendrecht.
Modern and sustainable aquaculture solutions
2002. Genetic variation for growth rate, feed
conversion efficiency, and disease resistance
for your today’s needs!
exists within a famed population of rainbow
trout. Aquaculture 209: 59-76.
Moss, SM, RW Doyle, and DV Lightner. AquaStar®, high performance probiotic strains to enhance gut and pond environment.
(2005) Breeding shrimp for disease
resistance: challenges and opportunities HepaProtect Aqua, an effective solution to support and protect liver metabolism.
for improvement. In: Diseases in Asian
Aquaculture V pp. 379-393. (P Walker and Mycofix®, the most complete strategy for counteracting mycotoxins.
R Lester, eds), Fish Health Section, Asian
Fisheries Society, The Philippines. Biomin ® P.E.P. for improving digestion and feed conversion.
Mr Juan Achurra (Farmer Owner), La
Morenita, Via Al Puerto, Entrando por la Biotronic ®, the acid spice for fish feed.
estación Eneríque Enseñat, Región Coclé,
Panama www.indofisheries.org
World Health Organization 1999. Joint
FAO/NACA/WHO Study Group on food Supported by Media Partner Organised by PT. Napindo Media Ashatama
safety issues associated with products from Jl. Kelapa Sawit XIV Blok M1 No. 10
T E
P
A R M
Kompleks Billy & Moon
aquaculture. WHO Technical Report Series, For more information,
Pondokplease visit:
E
DE

Kelapa, Jakarta, 13450

A NN
P E

Orego-Stim®, Aquatract.” No 883. A s i a P a c i f i c

Indonesia
R

IN
I

R
D U S T

www.aqua.biomin.net
Ministry of Directorate General of Ministry of Ministry of Trade Indonesian Exhibition
Telp. +6221 8650962, 8644756/85
aqua@biomin.net
Marine Affairs
and Fisheries
Livestock Services,
Ministry of Agriculture
Industry Companies Association Fax. +6221 8650963
Email: info@indofisheries.org
20 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | May-June 2010
This digital re-print is part of the May | June 2010 edition of International Aquafeed magazine.
Content from the magazine is available to view free-of-charge, both as a full online magazine on our
website, and as an archive of individual features on the docstoc website.
LINKS
Please click here to view our other publications on www.docstoc.com.

VO L U M E 1 3 I S S U E 3 2 0 1 0
• See the full issue
Alternative Lipid Sources
• Visit the International Aquafeed website
in Aquafeeds

Phytobiotics and
Prebiotics:
- a new alternative for sustainable
• Contact the International Aquafeed Team
aquaculture

• Subscribe to International Aquafeed

Innovative approaches
to reduce feed cost in
aquaculture:
- Optimizing nutrient utilization and gut health
THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR THE AQUACULTURE FEED INDUSTRY
Member of the World Aquaculture Society, European Aquaculture Society, American Feed Industry Association
and the International Aquafeed Association

IAF10-03.indd 1 30/04/2010 16:17

To purchase a paper copy of the magazine, or to subscribe to the paper edition please contact
our Circulation and Subscriptions Manager on the link above.

INFORMATION FOR ADVERTISERS - CLICK HERE

www.aquafeed.co.uk