Contents

Preface. 23
Section I
Basic Issues in Economic Development
1. Economic Development and
Under Development..27
- Introduction
- What does Development Mean
- Economic Growth and Economic Development
- The New View of Economic Development
Development as a Multi-dimensional Process
Three Core Values of Development
- Development, Freedom and Opportunities
- Human Development
Sustainable Human Development
What makes Development Unsustainable?
Policy for Sustainable Development
- Human Development Index
- Progress and Setbacks in Human Development
Advance in Human Development A Global Snapshot
The Limits to Human Development
The End of Convergence?
India-A Globalization Success Story with a Mixed Record on
Human Development
- National Human Development Report 2001
Indicators
- State of Human Development in India
State Level
2. The Environment and Development..46
- Introduction
- The Basic Issues
Sustainable Development and Environmental Accounting
Population, Resources, and the Environment
Poverty and Environment
Growth versus the Environment
Rural Development and the Environment
Urban Development and the Environment
The Global Environment
- Consequences of Environmental Damage
- The Indian Case
Consequences of Environmental Plunder
- Public Policy
Section II
Indian Economy at Independence
3. Indias Economy at Independence ..57
- Introduction
- The Relative Importance of Various Industrial Activities

 Composition of National Income

The Working Force
The Agrarian Scene
Stagnation Agriculture
Causes
- Indias Industrial Production and its Structure
Indias Industrial Resources
The Decline of Traditional Industry and the Development of
Modern Industry
Some other Economic Indicators of Economic Backwardness
- Some Positive Features
Section III
Policy Regimes
4. Planning in India: Development
Strategy and Role of State. .70
- Evolution of Planning
- Structural Constraints and the Development Strategy
- Role of the State as Visualized in the Fifties
- Evolution of Strategy and Priorities
- Changing Perceptions
- The Role of Planning
Redefining the role of State
- The Government, the State and the Market
- Cooperative Action
5. Economic Reform and Liberalization. .88
- Debate on Liberalization
- Economic Reform
The Background
The Macroeconomic Crisis
Rationale for the Reforms
Macroeconomic Reforms
Structural Reforms
- Implementation of the Agenda
- Removal of QRs
- National Structural Adjustment Programme
- Safety Net
Macroeconomic Impact of Reforms
Fiscal Adjustment and Stabilization
Political Resistance to Reform
Concerns Regarding Social and Political Implication of Reform
Impact of the New Economic Policy on the Vulnerable Sections
Conclusion
- The Next Round of Reforms
Section IV
Growth, Development and Structural Change
6. Indias Growth Experience. 115
- The Performance
- Two Phases of Growth
-

Assessment of Performance
Causal Factors
What Nest?
Sectoral Composition of Real GDP