I owe my heartfeet and sincere gratitude

to my BIOLOGY TEACHER MR. UDAYANATH

SAHOO for his kind co-operation and able
guidance.
My special thanks to our respected
principal MR.SANJEEV KUMAR SINHA for his
co-operation and encouragement.
I am very much thankful to CBSE
authorization for their idea about the
project for me to come across so many
facts about which I didnt know.

NAME :-SUBRAT SAHOO

CLASS :-XII(SC.)
ROLL :-

This is to certify that

SUBRAT SAHOO of class
XII science , D.A.V
Public School , MCL ,
Kalinga Area has
successfully completed
his Biology project
under the guidance and
supervision of Mr.
Udayanath Sahoo ,
Biology Department ,

during the academic

session of 2013-2014.

Mr.S.K.Sinha
Mr.Udayanath Sahoo
Principal
Department
D.A.V. Public School
School
Kalinga Area ,MCL

Biology
D.A.V. Public
Kalinga Area ,MCL

TO STUDY THE EFFECT

OF LIGHT ON
SPORULATION IN
FUNGI

The fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes.

They are parasitic or saprophytic and
reproduce by spores.

Structure of fungi
Fungi contains unicellular,multinucleate
and multicellular forms.The plant body is
simple and not differentiated in to
root,stem and leaves.They are classified on
the basis of their uninucleate or
multicellular filaments known as
hyphae.Asexual reproduction in fungi takes
place through different type of spores like
zoospores,coniospores,basidiospores and
chlamydospores.

MORPHOLOGY OF
RHIZOPUS
BREAD MOULD
Body of the Rhizopus is made up of
interwoven mass of white cottony thread or
hyphae and is known as mycelium.

HYPHAE

They are branched uniseptate and multinucleate

known as Coenocyclic hyphae.Prostate hyphae
and aerial hyphae also present.

STOLON
Horizontally growing prostate hyphae are called
stolons or stoloniferons hyphae.

SPORANGIOPHORES
They are stalk like aerial hyphae which grow
vertically above rhizoids.Each sporangium bears
an apical swollen structure known as
sporangium.

BREAD
PETRIDISHES
FILTER PAPER

SLIDES
COVERSLIP
FORCEPS
NEEDLE
MICROSCOPE
WATER

1.
Some water was sprinkled on
some pieces of bread and they were
put in a petridish.

2.
The petridish was kept in a dark
place for few days at a suitable
temperature.
3.
After three days a cottony mass
of fungus was observed on the
pieces of bread.
4.
Three petridishes were taken
and were labeled A,B and C.A pieces
of bread with fungus were placed in
each petridish.
5.
The petridish A was placed in B
in diffused light while C in bright
light for few days.
6.
The fungus was observed under
microscope when black
appearance(i.e.,sporulation) occurs
on them.

Sl.
No.

petridi Conditi Time

taken
sh
on
IN
provide sporulati
d
on

1.

No
Light

2.

Diffuse
d

3.

Bright
light

Comprehensive laboratory
manual in biology on class-XII
by Dr.J.P. Sharma Laxmi
Publication pvt. Ltd.

EXTERNAL
SIGNATURE
SIGNATURE

INTERNAL