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APPENDIX 1
MIX DESIGN
A1.1
TARGET STRENGTH
The majority of the construction works in study area are residential
buildings with multiple floors and they are not more than three floors. The
minimum grade of concrete recommended is M30 (IS: 456-2000) and a target
strength of 38.25 MPa is fixed in this work. Also, this work is carried out to
find the influence of brackish water in strength of concrete in the study area.
In order to account, for some of the possible variations, the target strength is
increased to 30 MPa. Hence, the mix design was carried out for characteristic
design strength of 30 MPa. (Krishnaraju 2008).
A1.2
Grade designation
M30
30 N/mm2
Type of cement
20 mm (angular)
Degree of workability
Type of exposure
Mild
3.15
1.00
Chemical admixture
Super plasticizer
Conplast SP430
Mineral admixtures
186
2.67
2.62
0.15%
0.10%
Sand content
172
kg
172
kg/m3
Concrete
5.00 MPa
30 +1.64 SD
30+1.64*5
From IS:456-2000,
Aggregate type
186 kg/m3
172/0.45
380 kg
187
Where,
Ca = Coarse aggregate content,
Fa = Fine aggregate content,
Pf = Sand content as percentage of total aggregates = 0.40
Pc = Coarse aggregate content as percentage of total aggregates
= 0.64
a0 = Percentage of air content ,
As per IS:10262, for 20mm normal size aggregate,
Entrapped air content is 2%
0.02
Hence,
A1.3
1000 (1-0.02)
Fa
= 706 kg/m3
1000 (1-0.02)
= [186+(380/3.15)+ (Ca/2.67*0.71)]
Ca
= 1277kg/m3
MIX RATIO
Cement : Sand: Coarse Aggregate: w/c = (380: 710: 1280: 0.45)
The design mix proportions for the required target strength is as
follows,
Cement : Sand: Coarse Aggregate: w/c = (1 : 1.87 : 3.37 :0.45)
188
APPENDIX 2
A2.1
189
10
15
20
25
10
15
80
80
80
80
70
70
10
10
10
10
15
15
10
10
10
10
15
15
MSE
R value
Testing
Validation
0.112
0.378
0.78
0.657
0.543
0.6537
0.765
0.435
0.7654
0.786
0.1123
0.876
0.576
0.234
0.6743
0.4532
0.865
0.9003
0.997
0.6578
0.6574
0.876
0.997
1.007
0.435
0.876
0.4532
1.123
0.652
0.768
0.87
0.456
0.87
0.78
0.87
0.832
0.754
0.997
0.976
Testing
Validation
Training
0.999
190
APPENDIX 3
A3.1
reinforcements are subjected to corrosion, the service life of beam and slab
will deteriorate faster than any other elements of the structure. The
methodology in calculation of service life is explained here, by taking beam
as the case.
A3.2
=M
= FM
191
(A3.1)
(A3.2)
Case study
A rectangular beam of cross section 230 mm x 450 mm is
Procedure
The procedure to calculate the service life can be understood from
192
A3.3.ii
A3.3.iii
Given Data
Size of the beam
= 230 mm x 450 mm
Reinforcements
= 4 x 12 mm RTS bars
Grade of concrete
= M20
Grade of steel
= Fe 415
= 2.39 mm
Rate of corrosion
Corrosion nature
= Carbonation
So, Value of K
= 0.5
Solution
The service life of structure is given in equation (4.4) as,
Service life of structure (t) = D / [ K * (2 x 10-3 ) * R(t)]
Where,
t
= Correction factor
Result
Safe Service life of structure under given
Corrosion environment = 9.56 years