SUMMARY

The property of reflection shall be studied using a plane and spherical mirrors. Reflection is the
bouncing of waves when it hits a barrier. In uniform reflection, the normal lines to the reflecting surface
are parallel while in disperse or irregular reflection, the reflecting surface is not uniform in terms of the
normal lines orientation.

So table 1: Laws of Reflection, we placed a three-surface mirror on the ray

table with the plane surface facing the light source then we rotate the ray table a few degrees to
measure the angle of the incident and reflected ray from the normal line to the plane mirror. The angle
of incidence is always equal to the reflected angle following the law of reflection. In table2: Number of
Image,we had to count the number of images of a push pin formed in two plane mirrors facing each
other at in an angle and also compute for the image formed. Thus, as the angle increases the number
of images formed decreases because as the angle increase the light reflected by the mirror 1 would
bounce less to the other mirror compared if the angle is smaller stating observed image and angle are
inversely proportional. Table3: determination of Focal length and Radius, the focal point is the
intersection point of the light rays reflected by the mirrors, the distance of the focal length would be
equal to the distance of the focal to the curvature of the mirror.Then twice of the focal length is the
radius of the concavity of mirror. Lastly table 4-6: Determination of focal length with varying object and
image distance. The projection screen must placed between the light source and movable concave
mirror, then we had to adjust the concave mirror until a clear image of light is formed on the screen
then we need to measure the distance of the light source to the mirror, this is the object distance, and
the distance from the screen and the light source, the image distance.

For table 4 in each case we had

to increase the distance of the screen from the the light source then for table 5 in each case we had to
increase the distance of the light source from the screen and for table 6, the screen and the light
source must be placed side by side.
In the first part of our experiment we prove our date to be correct based on the law of reflection which
states that The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence of a wave or stream of particles
reflecting from a boundary, conventionally measured from the normal to the interface, is equal to the
angle of reflection , measured from the same interface. In our experiment we used the equation

I=

(360/ 0)- 1 where I is the number of images that can be formed with any angle 0 . In table4, where the
objects distance is greater than the image, the average focal length is much smaller than the average
focal length in table 5 (which is the second situation) wherein the image distance is greater than the
objects distance and in the table6 where the image distance is equal to the object distance we
observed that the focal length is same for all distance and we also notice that it is the median of the
two tables. In order to find the focal length (f) of the concave mirror we used the equation
+1/q

,wherein

p is the object distance and q is the computed image distance.

1/f = 1/p

CONCLUSION
In this experiment we able to determine the number of image formed when plane mirrors are placed at
a certain angle, the image formed using a plane and spherical mirrors and the focal length of the
spherical mirror. Using the intersection of rays reflected by the mirror, we could calculate for the focal
length by measuring the distance of the intersection point to the curvature of the mirror. We also relate
that the radius of the circle is equal to twice of the focal length.
For the application of convex mirrors - convex mirrors produced small image which contribute to its
wider field of view. This special characteristics of this mirror make it very useful in our life such as in
road safety, security system and photography. In road safety, convex mirror

is use as rear-view mirror

on vehicles, its function to allow driver see more object and wider area
behind to avoid accidents as they see image behind very easy and
clear. This is the reason why convex mirror is more practical to be a
rear-view mirror although plane mirror can produce larger image. The
object appear in the mirror is closer than real because there are
distorting effect on distance perception.
While concave mirror characteristics make it useful to
focus light. The image produce by concave depends on the
distance between the object and the mirror. The concave
mirror is very useful in our life such as spectrometry, in
medical, in alternative energys field and others. Concave
mirror is use in spectrometer to form and focus the beam of
light into its component color and measure their relative
intensities. Spectrometer is important in color analyzer such as in color matching machines, color
analysis machines which provide the information about the quality control of color TVs

tube and also

in the blood analyzer, which use to measure the color of blood samples when exposed to various
chemical agents.