Environmental Science Sheet 1

Full answers

(1) Describe principal of sustainability and common green engineering concept.

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(2) Define common factors of biotic and abiotic affect culture of water body in
ecosystem of hydraulic cycle.
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 Sources of Eutrophication:
1- Discharge of Detergents (phosphates).
2- Natural runoff (nitrates & phosphates).
3- Discharge of untreated municipal sewage (nitrates & Phosphates).
(3) Draw in a sketch common factor impact product life cycle, and product
lifespan.
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(4) What is digital ecosystem; draw in examples an assembly of abiotic

ecosystem.
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(5) Draw in sketch the basic components of sustainability life cycle assessment.
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(6) What is the basic components of Inventory life cycle, Calculate the SO2
emissions load from the combustion of oil based on fuel analysis results and
the fuel flow information. fuel flow rate R = 46,000 lbs/hr and percent sulfur
(% S) in fuel = 1.17.
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(7) Select the impact category model to classify midpoint impact and end point
impact of CO2 and CH4 of emission loads from inventory as presented 5 kg
CO2 and 3 kg CH4.
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(8) Define in a flowchart operation endpoint with lifespan explore waste life cycle
of digital ecosystem.
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(9) What is common concern of toxic constituents in e-waste? Mention the major
three components?
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(10) What is the components composition when the computers are collected?
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(11) Mention Certain Challenge in Management Policy ? Draw difference between

reuse, return and recycle.
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(12) Mention three of major material constituents in mobile phone?

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(13) If the weight [ in kg ] for each of : find the expected weight of recyclable
material ?
Desktops =13,39 Laptops =3,51 CRTs=15,87 LCDs =5,72
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(14) Draw in simple chart the flow of recycling scenario for e waste control?
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(15) What is the Leaching Agents used in Hydrometallurgical Processing?

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(16) What is the major emission of fuel combustion?

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(17) What is the fuel impact on source of NOx?

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(18) Major NOx Control techniques?

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(19) Mention the major techniques for NOx control?

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(20) What is the formula of combustion equation Define the combustion equation
for Octane C8H8.
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(21) Calculate the stoichiometric (kg) amount of air required for the complete
combustion of 1 kg pf liquid fuel with the following properties:

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(22)

(23) A coal burning electric generating plant emits 1.1 kg/ min. of SO 2 from a stack
with an effective height of 60m. On a thinly over cast evening with a wind
speed of 5 m/ sec. what is the ground level concentration of SO2, 500m
directly downwind from the stack .
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(24) Determine the minimum area which would be evacuated following accident
release of 10 tons of chlorine at a constant rate over half an hour ( i. e. 5.56
kg/sec) . Assume that evacuation should take place where concentration
exceeds (5ppm equal 2.25 mg/m3) at standard temperature and pressure.
Ans:(25) What are the point and non-point sources? Mention types of water pollution.
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(26) True or False? The dry adiabatic lapse rate is fixed and entirely independent of
ambient air temperature.
Ans:True.
(27) What are the health consequences of air pollution?
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(28) How will the Air Quality Guidelines support system design?
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(29) Mention common parameters indicate contamination with typical effects of industrial
wastewater and methods of treatment, (at least three parameters).

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(30) During high temperature combustion, nitrogen reacts with oxygen to form
nitrogen dioxide which then combines with water in the atmosphere. What is
the result of these processes?
(A) Formation of acid rain (B) Increased global temperatures
(C) Destruction of the ozone layer (D) Depletion of nutrients in rivers
(31) How does heat from the sun get to Earth?
(A) by radiation, using electromagnetic waves to transfer the heat
(B) by convection, using liquids and gases to transfer the heat
(C) by conduction, using solids to transfer the heat
(D) by absorption, using primary waves to transfer the heat
(32) Why do green plants require solar energy?
(A) to produce their own food
(B) to absorb nitrogen into their roots
(C) to release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
(D) to decompose the dead or decaying remains of animals
(33) In which atmospheric layer of Earth do satellite system concern?
(A) thermosphere (B) mesosphere (C) stratosphere (D) troposphere
(34) Which statement describes the general movement of air masses?
(A) They move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
(B) They move from areas of high altitude to areas of low altitude.
(C) They move from areas of low humidity to areas of high humidity.
(D) They move from areas of low temperature to areas of high temperature.
(35) Which is a major source of air pollution created by humans?
(A) hydroelectric plants (B)industrial factories (C)reforestation (D)
nuclear power

(36) What is the name given to the process that causes climate change?
A Polluter pays principle
B Greenhouse effect
C Environmental management system
D Resource depletion

(37) The expectation that packaging waste will be recycled by the manufacturer is
an example of:
A duty of care
B integrated pollution prevention and control
C producer responsibilities
D precautionary principle
(38) Which of the following can be a form of statutory nuisance?
A Water pollution
B Climate change
C Resource depletion
D Noise pollution
(39) What is the percentage of oxygen by volume in the atmosphere
A. 14%
B. 23%
C. 20.9% D. 79%
(40) Combustion of which of the following fuels requires the highest amount of
excess air
A. Light diesel oil (LDO)
B. Natural gas
C. LPG
D. Coal
(41) The presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in flue gases means
A. High excess air B. Poor combustion C. High thermal efficiency D. All of
the above
(42) Oceans cover about ____ of the earth's surface.
A. 50%
B. 60%
C. 70%
D. 80%
(43) Due to aesthetics, most people would prefer to swim in a(an) ____ lake.
A. autotrophic. B. eutrophic. C. oligotrophic. D. mesotrophic
(44) Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?
A. Offshore oil wells
B. livestock feedlots

C. urban lands
D. parking lots
(45) Which of the following is a nonpoint source of water pollution?
A. sewage treatment plant
B. electric power plant
C. Logged forest
D factories
(46) Over half of the total mass of pollutants entering streams and lakes comes
from
A. point pollution from sewage treatment plants.
B. point pollution from industrial plants.
C. non point pollution from roadside runoff
D. Nonpoint pollution from agriculture.
(47) Which of the following would not reduce cultural eutrophication?
A. Dredge lake bottoms.
B. Pump oxygen into lakes.
C. Institute land-use control to prevent nutrient runoff.
D. Prevent as much outflow or drainage as possible from the lake.
(48) The environmental, or prevailing, lapse rate can be determined from the:
A. Rate of pressure change in the atmosphere
B. Rate of wet air vs. pressure change
C. Temperature profile of the atmosphere
D. Rate of frontal system passage
(49) Changes in the temperature of an air parcel that are due to changes in
atmospheric
pressure are called:
A. Advective
B. Adiabatic
C. Slope
D. Prevailing
(50) The dry adiabatic lapse rate is:
A. 6C/1000 m
B. < 1C/1000 m
C. 9.8C/1000 m

D. 7.5C/1000 m
(51) What is the name of the plume depicted in this illustration?

Ans:LOOPING PLUME.
(52) Vertical mixing due to buoyancy is increased when atmospheric conditions
are:
A. Unstable
B. Neutral
C. Stable
D. Extremely stable
(53) Explain in short terms the chemistry of photochemical reaction of Nitrogen in
the atmosphere?
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(54) What is the troposphere ozone effect? Describe how it is equilibrium in

stratosphere?
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(55) Mention the principal effects of greenhouse gases?

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(56) What are the most diluted oxides to form acid rain?
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(57) What is the most common atmospheric stability and plume behavior?
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(58) Which plume is represented by this lapse rate and stack

height?____________________

Ans:Lofting Plume.
(59) A fanning plume will occur when atmospheric conditions are generally:
A. Highly unstable
B. Stable
C. Neutral
(60) The plume in this drawing is an example of ____________________.
A. Coning
B. Looping

C. Fumigation
D. Lofting
(61) For 50 ml water sample, Calculate the SS,DS, and TS concentrations if the filter
paper wt was 1.5432 gm and its wt after drying was 1.5818 gm. The clean cup
wt was 51.6532gm and its wt plus the pass through filter was 51.9321gm.
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(62) How can a system interrelation between a number of discrete objects or

phenomena described in layers?
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(63) What is a system model define in sketch relation between real objects and
human action
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(64) What is the system layers boundaries define in sketch a computer System in
Layers include: Outputs and inputs, Processor(s), Control Feedback,
Environment boundaries and interface.
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(65) Represent the following autrophication phenomena by using the ecosystem

presentation model

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07 )(66