DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of
any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning,
except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Ashish Awasthi
Aman Yadav
Ritesh Shukla
Prashant Kumar Singh
Ashish Kumar Mishra
Vijay Vikram Singh
Avdhesh Yadav
Rohit Tiwari
Shubham Tripathi

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled PLANNING & DESIGNING OF OVERHEAD
WATER TANK is the benefited work done by,and in the partial fulfillment of the requirements
for their diploma in Civil Engineering to the Department of Civil Engineering, Ambalika Institute
of Management & Technology, Lucknow.

I wish the following students all the best for their future endeavours.

Signature

Date

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the diploma project
undertaken during diploma final year. We own special debt of gratitude to
Department of
, Ambalika Institute Of Management & Tecnology, Lucknow for
his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. His sincerity,
thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is
only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.
We also taken the opportunity to acknowledgement the contribution of Mr. Pankaj
Prajapati, Principal, Ambalika Institute Of Management & Tecnology , Lucknow forhis full
support and assistance during the development of the project. We aso take the
opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Mr. Pankaj Prajapati, Principal, Ambalika
Institute Of Management & technology, Lucknow for his full support and assistance
during the development of the project. I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my adviso, Mr. P .P. Sinha, who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of my
all faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and corporation during
the development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for
their contribution of the project.
Name
ROLL NO.
Signature :
Date

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ABSTRACT
Storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum products and similar
liquids. The force analysis of the reservoirs or tanks is about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the
product. All tanks are designed as crack free structures to eliminate any leakage.
This project gives in brief, the theory behind the design of liquid retaining structure (Elevated circular water
tank with domed roof and conical base) using working stress method. Elements are design in limit state
method.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION
1
CERTIFICATE
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3
ABSTRACT
4
TABLE OF CONTENT
5-6
LIST OF SYMBOLS&ABBREVIATIONS

7-11
CHAPTER 1

(INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM, STATEMENT OF PROBLEM ETC)

12-39

CHAPTER 2 - DESIGN

40-122

2.1 Design of top dome

43-46

2.2 Design of top ring beam B1

47-50

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2.3 Design of cylindrical wall

51-56

2.4 Design of ring beam B357-60

2.5 Design of conical dome 61-64
2.6 Design of wall65-67
2.7 Design of bottom dome

68-71

2.8 Design of circular beam B272-84

2.9 Design of column

85-95

2.10 Design of braces96-100

2.11 Design of raft foundation
2.12 Design of stair case

101-116
117-122

CHAPTER 3 Estimation & Costing

123-

130
3.1 Estimation
124-128
3.2 Costing

129-130
CHAPTER 5 (CONCLUSIONS)

131

APPENDIX
132-134
REFERENCES

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135

SYMBOLS
A = Total area of section
Ab = Equivalent area of helical reinforcement.
Ac = Equivalent area of sectionAh = Area of concrete core.
Am = Area of steel or iron core.
Asc = Area of longitudinal reinforcement (comp.)
Ast = Area of steel (tensile.)
Al = Area of longitudinal torsional reinforcement.
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Asv= Total cross-sectional are of stirrup legs or bent up bars within distance
Sv Aw =Area of web reinforcement.
A= Area of cross section of one bars.
a = lever arm.
ac = Area of concrete.
B =flange width of T-beam.
b = width.br =width of rib.
C =compressive force.
c = compressive stress in concrete.
c= stress in concrete surrounding compressive steel.
D = depthd = effective depth
dc = cover to compressive steel
ds= depth of slab
dt= cover to tensile steel e = eccentricity.
(dc/d = compressive steel depth factor).
F =shear force characteristic load.Fd= design load
Fr = radial shear force.
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f= stress (in general)

fck= characteristic compressive stress.
Fy= characteristic strength of steel.
H = height.I = moment of inertia.
Ie=equivalent moment of intertia of stress.
j= lever arm factor.Ka=coefficient of active earth pressure.
Kp=coefficient of passive earth pressure.
k = neutral axis depth factor (n/d).
L=length.
Ld=devolopment length.
l = effective length of column; length; bond length.
M = bending moment; moment.
Mr=moment of resistance; radial bending moment.
Mt=torsional moment.Mu= bending moment (limit state design) M=circumferential bending moment
m = modular ratio.
n = depth of neutral axis.
nc=depth of critical neutral axis.
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Pa=active earth pressure.

Pp= passive earth pressure.
Pu= axial load on the member(limit state design).
P = percentage steel.
P= reinforcement ratio.
Pa=active earth pressure indencity.
Pe=net upward soil pressure.
Q= shear resistance.
q = shear stress due to bending.
q=shear stress due to torsioN
R= radius.
s= spacing of bars.
sa= average bond stress.
sb= local bond stress.
T=tensile force.
Tu= torsional moment.
t= tensile stress in steel.

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tc= compressive stress in compressive steel.

Vu= shear force due to design load.
Vus=strength of shear reinforcement.
W= point load.X= coordinate.
xu= depth of neutral axis.
Z= distance. = inclination.
= surcharge angle.
= unit weight of soil
f=partial safety factor appropriate to the loading.
m= partial safety factor appropriate to the material.
cc = permissible stress in concrete.
cbc= permissible compressive stress in concrete due to bending.
sc= permissible compressive stress in bars.
st= permissible stress in steel in tension.
st= permissible tensile strss in shear reinforcement.
sy= yield point compressive stress in steel.
= co efficient of friction.
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12 | P a g e

INTRODUCTION

A water tank is used to store water to tide over the daily requirement. In the construction of concrete structure for
the storage of water and other liquids the imperviousness of concrete is most essential .The permeability of any uniform
and thoroughly compacted concrete of given mix proportions is mainly dependent on water cement ratio .The increase in
water cement ratio results in increase in the permeability .The decrease in water cement ratio will therefore be desirable
to decrease the permeability, but very much reduced water cement ratio may cause compaction difficulties and prove to
be harmful also. Design of liquid retaining structure has to be based on the avoidance of cracking in the concrete having
regard to its tensile strength. Cracks can be prevented by avoiding the use of thick timber shuttering which prevent the
easy escape of heat of hydration from the concrete mass .the risk of cracking can also be minimized by reducing the
restraints on free expansion or contraction of the structure.

1.1OBJECTIVE
1.
2.
3.
4.

To make a study about the analysis and design of water tanks.

To make a study about the guidelines for the design of liquid retaining structure according to IS Code.
To know about the design philosophy for the safe and economical design of water tank.
To develop programs for the design of water tank of flexible base and rigid base and the underground tank to

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avoid the tedious calculations.

5. In the end, the programs are validated with the results of manual calculation given in. Concrete Structure.

1.2.SOURCESOFWATERSUPPLY
The various sources of water can be classified into two categories: Surface sources, such as:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ponds and lakes,

Streams and rivers,
Storage reservoirs, and
Oceans, generally not used for water supplies, at present.

Sub-surface sources or underground sources, such as:

1. Springs,
2. Infiltration wells, and
3. Wells and Tube-wells.

1.3WATERQUANTITYESTIMATION
The quantity of water required for municipal uses for which the water supply scheme has to be designed requires
following data:
1. Water consumption rate (Per Capita Demand in litres per day per head) Population to be served.
2. Quantity = per demand x Population

1.4WATERCONSUMPTIONRATE
It is very difficult to precisely assess the quantity of water demanded by the public, since there are many variable factors
affecting water consumption. The various types of water demands, which a city may have, may be broken into following
class:
Water Consumption for Various Purposes:
Water Consumption for Various Purposes:

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Types of Consumption

Normal Range (lit/capita/day)

Average
%

Domestic Consumption
Industrial and Commercial

Demand
Public including Fire

Demand Uses

Losses and Waste

65-300

160

35

45-450

135

30

20-90

45

10

45-150

62

25

1.5FIREDEMAND
The per capita fire demand is very less on an average basis but the rate at which the water is required is very large. The
rate of fire demand is sometimes treated as a function of population and is worked out from following empirical
formulae:
Authority

Formulae (P in thousand)

Q for 1 lakh Population)

American Insurance Association

Q (L/min)=4637 P (1-0.01 P)

41760

Kuchings Formula

Q (L/min)=3182 P

31800

Freeman's Formula

Q (L/min)= 1136.5(P/5+10)

35050

Ministry of Urban Development

Q (kilo liters/d)=100 P for

Manual Formula

P>50000

1.6

FACTORAFFECTINGPERCAPITADEMAND

Therearefollowingfactorswhichaffectthepercapitademandmost:
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31623

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Sizeofthecity,
Presenceofindustries,
Climaticconditions,
Habits of economic status,
Qualityofwater,
Pressureinthedistributionsystem,
Costofwater,
Policyofmeteringandchargingmethod.

1.7FLUCTUATIONINRATEOFDEMAND
Average Daily per Capita Demand= (Quantity Required in 12 Months) (365 x Population)
If this average demand is supplied at all the times, it will not be sufficient to meet the fluctuations.
1. Seasonal variation: The demand peaks during summer. Firebreak outs are generally more in summer, increasing
demand. So, there is seasonal variation.
2. Daily variation: Itdepends on the activity. People draw out more water on Sundays and Festival days, thus
increasing demand on these days.
3. Hourly variations: It isalso very important as during active household working hours i.e. from six to ten in the
morning and four to eight in the evening, the bulk of the daily requirement is taken. During other hours the
requirement is negligible. Moreover, if a fire breaks out, a huge quantity of water is required to be supplied
during short duration, necessitating the need for a maximum rate of hourly supply.
So, an adequate quantity of water must be available to meet the peak demand. To meet all the fluctuations, the supply
pipes, service reservoirs and distribution pipes must be properly proportioned. The water is supplied by pumping
directly and the pumps and distribution system must be designed to meet the peak demand. The effect of monthly
variation influences the design of storage reservoirs and the hourly variations influence the design of pumps and
service reservoirs.As the population decreases, the fluctuation rate increases.
Maximum daily demand
= 1.8 x average daily demand Maximum hourly demand of maximum day i.e. Peak demand
= 1.5 x average hourly demand

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= 1.5 x Maximum daily demand/24

=1.5 x (1.8 x average daily demand)/24
= 2.7 x average daily demand/24
=2.7 x annual average hourly demand.

1.8POPULATIONFORECASTINGANDDESIGNPERIODS
1.8.1 DESIGN PERIOD
This quantity should be worked out with due provision for the estimated requirements of the future. The future period for
which a provision is made in the water supply scheme is known as the design period. Design period is estimated based on
the following:
1. Useful life of the component, considering obsolescence, wear, tear, etc.
2. Expandability aspect,
3. Anticipated rate of growth of population, including industrial, commercial developments & migrationimmigration.
4. Available resources,
5. Performance of the system during initial period.

1.8.2POPULATIONFORECASTING
The various methods adopted for estimating future populations are given below. The particular method to be adopted for
a particular case or for a particular city depends largely on the factors discussed in the methods, and the selection is left
to the discretions and intelligence of the designer.
1. Incremental Increase Method
2. Decreasing Rate of Growth Method
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3. Simple Graphical Method

4. Comparative Graphical Method
5. Ratio Method
6. Logistic Curve Method
7. Arithmetic Increase Method
8. Geometric Increase Method.

1.9 WATERTANKS
1.9.1CLASSIFICATIONS
Classification based on under three heads:
1. Tanks resting on ground;
2. Elevated tanks supported on staging;
3. Underground tanks.
Classification based on shapes:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Circular tanks,
Rectangular tanks,
Spherical tanks,
Intze tanks,
Circular tanks with conical bottom

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1.10.IS:456GUIDELINES
In water retaining structure a dense impermeable concrete is required therefore, proportion of fine and course
aggregates to cement should be such as to give high quality concrete. Concrete mix weaker than M20 is not used. The
minimum quantity of cement in the concrete mix shall be not less than 30 KN /m3. The design of the concrete mix shall
be such that the resultant concrete is sufficiently impervious. Efficient compaction preferably by vibration is essential.
The permeability of the thoroughly compacted concrete is dependent on water cement ratio. Increase in water cement
ratio increases permeability, while concrete with low water cement ratio is difficult to compact.
Other causes of leakage in concrete are defects such as segregation and honey combing. All joints should be
made watertight, as these are potential sources of leakage. Design of liquid retaining structure is different from ordinary
R.C.C structures, as it requires that concrete should not crack and hence tensile stresses in concrete should be within
permissible limits. A reinforced concrete member of liquid retaining structure is designed on the usual principles ignoring
tensile resistance of concrete in bending. Additionally it should be ensured that tensile stress on the liquid retaining ace of
the equivalent concrete section does not exceed the permissible tensile strength of concrete as given in table 1. For
calculation purposes the cover is also taken into concrete area. Cracking may be caused due to restraint to shrinkage,
expansion and contraction of concrete due to temperature or shrinkage and swelling due to moisture effects. Such
restraint may be caused by:
1) The interaction between reinforcement and concrete during shrinkage due to drying.
2) The boundary conditions.
3) The differential conditions prevailing through the large thickness of massive concrete.
Use of small size bars placed properly, leads to closer cracks but of smaller width. Limiting the changes in
moisture content and temperature to which the structure as a whole is subjected may minimize the risk of cracking due to
temperature and shrinkage effects. The risk of cracking can also be minimized by reducing the restraint on the free
expansion of the structure with long walls or slab founded at or below ground level, restraint can be minimized by the
provision of a sliding layer.
This can be provided by founding the structure on a flat layer of concrete with interposition of some material to
break the bond and facilitate movement. In case length of structure is large it should be subdivided into suitable lengths
separated by movement joints, especially where sections are changed the movement joints should be provided. Where
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structures have to store hot liquids, stresses caused by difference in temperature between inside and outside of the
reservoir should be taken into account. The coefficient of expansion due to temperature change is taken as 11 x 10 -6/ C
and coefficient of shrinkage may be taken as 450 x 10-6 for initial shrinkage and 200 x 10-6for drying shrinkage.

1.10.1JOINTSINLIQUIDRETAININGSTRUCTURES
1.10.1.1MOVEMENTJOINTS.There are three types of movement joints.
(a)ContractionJoint.It is a movement joint with deliberate discontinuity without initial gap between the concrete on
either side of the joint. The purpose of this joint is to accommodate contraction of the concrete. A contraction joint may
be either complete contraction joint or partial contraction joint.

Fig. (a) A Contraction Joint

A complete contraction joint is one in which both steel and concrete are Interrupted and a partial contraction joint is one
in which only the concrete is interrupted, the reinforcing steel running through as shown in Fig. (b).
(b)Expansion Joint. It is a joint with complete discontinuity in both reinforcing steel and concrete and it is to
accommodate either expansion or contraction of the structure. A typical expansion joint is shown in Fig.(c)
FigThis type of joint is provided between wall and floor in some cylindrical tank designs.

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1.10.1.2CONTRACTIONJOINTS
This type of joint is provided for convenience in construction. This type of joint requires the provision of an initial gap
between the adjoining parts of a structure, which by closing or opening accommodates the expansion, or contraction of
the structure.
Fig (d)
(iii) SlidingJoint. It is a joint with complete discontinuity in both reinforcement and concrete and with special provision
to facilitate movement in plane of the joint. A typical joint is shown in Fig. This type of joint is provided between wall
and floor in some cylindrical tank designs.
Fig (e)
1.10.1.3CONSTRUCTIONJOINTS
This type of joint is provided for convenience in construction. Arrangement is made to achieve subsequent continuity
without relative movement. One application of these joints is between successive lifts in a reservoir wall. A typical joint
is shown in Fig (f)

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Fig (f)
1.10.2TEMPORARYJOINTS
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A gap is sometimes left temporarily between the concrete of adjoining parts of a structure which after a suitable interval
and before the structure is put to use, is filled with mortar or concrete completely as in Fig.3.5 (a) or as shown in Fig.3.5
(b) and (c) with suitable jointing materials. In the first case width of the gap should be sufficient to allow the sides to be
prepared before filling. Figure (g)
Fig (g)

1.11GENERALDESIGNREQUIREMENTS(I.S.I)
1.11.1PlainConcreteStructures.Plain concrete member of reinforced concrete liquid retaining structure may be
designed against structural failure by allowing tension in plain concrete as per the permissible limits for tension in
bending. This will automatically take care of failure due to cracking. However, nominal reinforcement shall be provided,
for plain concrete structural members.

1.11.2.PermissibleStressesinConcrete.
(a)Forresistancetocracking. For calculations relating to the resistance of members to cracking, the permissible
stresses in tension (direct and due to bending) and shear shall confirm to the values specified in Table 1.The permissible
tensile stresses due to bending apply to the face of the member in contact with the liquid. In members less than 225mm.
thick and in contact with liquid on one side these permissible stresses in bending apply also to the face remote from the
liquid.
(b)Forstrengthcalculations. In strength calculations the permissible concrete stresses shall be in accordance with
Table 1. Where the calculated shear stress in concrete alone exceeds the permissible value, reinforcement acting in
conjunction with diagonal compression in the concrete shall be provided to take the whole of the shear.
1.11.3PermissibleStressesinSteel
(a)Forresistancetocracking.When steel and concrete are assumed to act together for checking the tensile stress in
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concrete for avoidance of crack, the tensile stress in steel will be limited by the requirement that the permissible tensile
stress in the concrete is not exceeded so the tensile stress in steel shall be equal to the product of modular ratio of steel
and concrete, and the corresponding allowable tensile stress in concrete.
(b)Forstrengthcalculations.
In strength calculations the permissible stress shall be as follows:
(I)
(II)

Tensile stress in member in direct tension 1000 kg/cm2

Tensile stress in member in bending onliquid retaining face of members or face away from liquid for

(III)
(IV)

members less than 225mm thick 1000 kg/cm2

On face away from liquid for members 225mm or morein thickness 1250 kg/cm2
Tensile stress in shear reinforcement, For members less than 225mm thickness 1000 kg/cm2For members

(V)

225mm or more in thickness 1250 kg/cm2

Compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load 1250 kg/cm2

1.11.4StressesduetodryingShrinkageorTemperatureChange.
(i) Stresses due to drying shrinkage or temperature change may be ignored provided that.
(a) The permissible stresses specified above in (ii) and (iii) are not otherwise exceeded.
(b) Adequate precautions are taken to avoid cracking of concrete during the construction period and until the reservoir is
put into use.
(c) Recommendation regarding joints given in article 8.3 and for suitable sliding layer beneath the reservoir are complied
with, or the reservoir is to be used only for the storage of water or aqueous liquids at or near ambient temperature and the
circumstances are such that the concrete will never dry out.
(ii) Shrinkage stresses may however be required to be calculated in special cases, when shrinkage co-efficient of 300 x
10-6 is assumed.
(iii) When the shrinkage stresses are allowed, the permissible stresses, tensile stresses to concrete (direct and bending) as
given in Table 1 may be increased by 33.33 per cent.

1.12FLOORS
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(i)Provisionofmovementjoints.Movement joints should be provided as discussed in article 3.

(ii)Floorsoftanksrestingonground.
If the tank is resting directly over ground, floor may be constructed of concrete with nominal percentage of
reinforcement provided that it is certain that the ground will carry the load without appreciable subsidence in any part
and that the concrete floor is cast in panels with sides not more than 4.5m. With contraction or expansion joints between.
In such cases a screed or concrete layer less than 75mm thick shall first be placed on the ground and covered with a
sliding layer of bitumen paper or other suitable material to destroy the bond between the screed and floor concrete. In
normal circumstances the screed layer shall be of grade not weaker than M 10, where injurious soils or aggressive water
are expected, the screed layer shall be of grade not weaker than M 15 and if necessary sulphate resisting or other special
cement should be used.
(iii)Flooroftanksrestingonsupports
(a) If the tank is supported on walls or other similar supports the floor slab shall be designed as floor in buildings for
bending moments due to water load and self-weight.
(b) When the floor is rigidly connected to the walls (as is generally the case) the bending moments at the junction
between the walls and floors shall be taken into account in the design of floor together with any direct forces transferred
to the floor from the walls or from the floor to the wall due to suspension of the floor from the wall. If the walls are nonmonolithic with the floor slab, such as in cases, where movement joints have been provided between the floor slabs and
walls, the floor shall be designed only for the vertical loads on the floor.
(c) In continuous T-beams and L-beams with ribs on the side remote from the liquid, the tension in concrete on the liquid
side at the face of the supports shall not exceed the permissible stresses for controlling cracks in concrete. The width of
the slab shall be determined in usual manner for calculation of the resistance to cracking of T-beam, L- beam sections at
supports.
(d) The floor slab may be suitably tied to the walls by rods properly embedded in both the slab and the walls. In such
cases no separate beam (curved or straight) is necessary under the wall, provided the wall of the tank itself is designed to
act as a beam over the supports under it.
(e) Sometimes it may be economical to provide the floors of circular tanks, in the shape of dome. In such cases the dome
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shall be designed for the vertical loads of the liquid over it and the ratio of its rise to its diameter shall be so adjusted that
the stresses in the dome are, as far as possible, wholly compressive. The dome shall be supported at its bottom on the ring
beam, which shall be designed for resultant circumferential tension in addition to vertical loads.
7.6Walls
(i)Provisionofjoints
(a) Where it is desired to allow the walls to expand or contract separately from the floor, or to prevent moments at the
base of the wall owing to fixity to the floor, sliding joints may be employed.
(b) The spacing of vertical movement joints should be as discussed in article 3.3 while the majority of these joints may
be of the partial or complete contraction type, sufficient joints of the expansion type should be provided to satisfy the
requirements given in article
(ii)PressureonWalls.
(a) In liquid retaining structures with fixed or floating covers the gas pressure developed above liquid surface shall be
added to the liquid pressure.
(b) When the wall of liquid retaining structure is built in ground, or has earth embanked against it, the effect of earth
pressure shall be taken into account.
(iii) Walls or Tanks Rectangular or Polygonal in Plan.
While designing the walls of rectangular or polygonal concrete tanks, the following points should be borne in mind.
(a) In plane walls, the liquid pressure is resisted by both vertical and horizontal bending moments. An estimate should be
made of the proportion of the pressure resisted by bending moments in the vertical and horizontal planes. The direct
horizontal tension caused by the direct pull due to water pressure on the end walls, should be added to that resulting from
horizontal bending moments. On liquid retaining faces, the tensile stresses due to the combination of direct horizontal
tension and bending action shall satisfy the following condition:
(t./t)+( c t ./c t ) 1

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t. = Calculated direct tensile stress in concretet= permissible direct tensile stress in concrete (Table 1)c t = calculated
tensile stress due to bending in concrete. ct= permissible tensile stress due to bending in concrete.
(d) At the vertical edges where the walls of a reservoir are rigidly joined, horizontal reinforcement and haunch bars
should be provided to resist the horizontal bending moments even if the walls are designed to withstand the whole load
as vertical beams or cantilever without lateral supports.
(c) In the case of rectangular or polygonal tanks, the side walls act as two-way slabs, whereby the wall is continued or
restrained in the horizontal direction, fixed or hinged at the bottom and hinged or free at the top. The walls thus act as
thin plates subjected triangular loading and with boundary conditions varying between full restraint and free edge. The
analysis of moment and forces may be made on the basis of any recognized method.
(iv)WallsofCylindricalTanks.
While designing walls of cylindrical tanks the following points should be borne in mind:
(a) Walls of cylindrical tanks are either cast monolithically with the base or are set in grooves and key ways (movement
joints). In either case deformation of wall under influence of liquid pressure is restricted at and above the base.
Consequently, only part of the triangular hydrostatic load will be carried by ring tension and part of the load at bottom
will be supported by cantilever action.
(b) It is difficult to restrict rotation or settlement of the base slab and it is advisable to provide vertical reinforcement as if
the walls were fully fixed at the base, in addition to the reinforcement required to resist horizontal ring tension for hinged
at base, conditions of walls, unless the appropriate amount of fixity at the base is established by analysis with due
consideration to the dimensions of the base slab the type of joint between the wall and slab, and, where applicable, the
type of soil supporting the base slab.
1.13Roofs
(i)ProvisionofMovementjoints.
To avoid the possibility of sympathetic cracking it is important to ensure that movement joints in the roof correspond
with those in the walls, if roof and walls are monolithic. It, however, provision is made by means of a sliding joint for
movement between the roof and the wall correspondence of joints is not so important.
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(ii)Loading.Field covers of liquid retaining structures should be designed for gravity loads, such as the weight of roof
slab, earth cover if any, live loads and mechanical equipment. They should also be designed for upward load if the liquid
retaining structure is subjected to internal gas pressure. A superficial load sufficient to ensure safety with the unequal
intensity of loading which occurs during the placing of the earth cover should be allowed for in designing roofs. The
engineer should specify a loading under these temporary conditions, which should not be exceeded. In designing the
roof, allowance should be made for the temporary condition of some spans loaded and other spans unloaded, even though
in the final state the load may be small and evenly distributed.
(iii)Watertightness. In case of tanks intended for the storage of water for domestic purpose, the roof must be made
watertight. This may be achieved by limiting the stresses as for the rest of the tank, or by the use of the covering of the
waterproof membrane or by providing slopes to ensure adequate drainage.
(iv)Protectionagainstcorrosion. Protection measure shall be provided to the underside of the roof to prevent it from
corrosion due to condensation.
1.13.1MinimumReinforcement
(a) The minimum reinforcement in walls, floors and roofs in each of two directions at right angles shall have an area of
0.3 per cent of the concrete section in that direction for sections up to 100mm, thickness. For sections of thickness
greater than 100mm, and less than 450mm the minimum reinforcement in each of the two directions shall be linearly
reduced from 0.3 percent for 100mm thick section to 0.2 percent for 450mm, thick
Sections. For sections of thickness greater than 450mm, minimum reinforcement in each of the two directions shall be
kept at 0.2 per cent. In concrete sections of thickness 225mm or greater, two layers of reinforcement steel shall be placed
one near each face of the section to make up the minimum reinforcement.
(b) In special circumstances floor slabs may be constructed with percentage of reinforcement less than specified above.
In no case the percentage of reinforcement in any member is less than 0.15% of gross sectional area of the member.
1.13.2MinimumCovertoReinforcement.
(a) For liquid faces of parts of members either in contact with the liquid (such as inner faces or roof slab) the minimum
28 | P a g e

cover to all reinforcement should be 25mm or the diameter of the main bar whichever is grater. In the presence of the sea
water and soils and water of corrosive characters the cover should be increased by 12mm but this additional cover shall
not be taken into account for design calculations.
(b) For faces away from liquid and for parts of the structure neither in contact with the liquid on any face, nor enclosing
the space above the liquid, the cover shall be as for ordinary concrete member.

1.14.DOMES:
A dome may be defined as a thin shell generated by the revolution of a regular curve about one of its axes. The shape of
the dome depends on the type of the curve and the direction of the axis of revolution. In spherical and conidial domes,
surface is described by revolving an arc of a circle. The center of the circle may be on the axis of rotation (spherical
dome) or outside the axis (conidial dome). Both types may or may not have a symmetrical lantern opening through the
top. The edge of the shell around its base is usually provided with edge member cast integrally with the shell.
Domes are used in variety of structures, as in the roof of circular areas, in circular tanks, in hangers, exhibition halls,
auditoriums, planetarium and bottom of tanks, bins and bunkers. Domes may be constructed of masonry, steel, timber
and reinforced concrete. However, reinforced domes are more common nowadays since they can be constructed over
large spans
Membrane theory for analysis of shells of revolution can be developed neglecting effect of bending moment, twisting
moment and shear and assuming that the loads are carried wholly by axial stresses. This however applies at points of
shell, which are removed some distance away from the discontinuous edge. At the edges, the results thus obtained may
be indicated but are not accurate.
The edge member and the adjacent hoop of the shells must have very nearly the same strain when they are cast integrally.
The significance of this fact is usually ignored and the forces thus computed are, therefore, subject to certain
modifications.
Stresses in shells are usually kept fairly low, as effect of the edge disturbance, as mentioned above is usually neglected.
The shell must be thick enough to allow space and protection for two layers of reinforcement. From this point of view 80
29 | P a g e

mm is considered as the minimum thickness of shell.

1.15MembraneTheoryofShellsofRevolution
Fig shows a typical shell of revolution, on which equilibrium of an element, obtained by intersection of meridian and
latitude, is indicated. Forces along the circumference are denoted by N and are called meridian stresses and forces at
right angles to the meridian plane and along the latitude are horizontal and called the hoop stresses, denoted by.
Neglecting variations in the magnitudes of N and N , since they are very small. The state of stress in the element is
shown in fig (b).
Fig (a)
N (rd)Fig (c)

30 | P a g e

Shell of Revolution.
Two forces N (rd ) have the resultant N (rd) d as shown in Fig.(c) and the resultant acts normal to the surface
pointed towards the innerside. Forces N (r1d) again have horizontal resultant of magnitude N (r1 d) d as shown in
Fig (d). It has a component N (r1d)d sin directed normally to the shell and pointing towards the inner side. These
two forces and the external force normal to the surface and a magnitude Pr(rd) must be in equilibrium.
Thus, N(rd)d + N (r1d) d sin + Pr(rd)(r1d) = 0.
Combining and as
r = r2 sin from Fig. (a)N/r1 + N/r2 = -Pr = pressure normal to the surface
In this equation pr is considered positive when acting towards the inner side and negative when acting towards the outer
side of the shell. Values and N and N will be positive when tensile and negative compressive.
The equation is valid not only for shells in the form of a surface of revolution, but may be applied to all shells, when the
coordinate lines for = constant and = constant, are the lines of curvature of the surface
31 | P a g e

Fig. Forces in shell

Force N act tangentially to the surface all around the circumference. Considering the equilibrium of a segment of shell
cut along the parallel to latitude defined by the angle as shown in Fig
2r Nsin + W = 0,
Where
W=totalloadintheverticaldirectiononthesurfaceoftheshellabovethecut.
This gives, N = -W/2rsin
Eq. is readily solved for N

and N

may then be determined by eq. this theory is applicable to a shell of any material

only the conditions of equilibrium have been applied and no compatibility relationships in term of deformation have be
introduced. It is, therefore immaterial whether HOOKES law is applicable or not.

32 | P a g e

1.16.Watertankwithsphericalbottom:
Referring to the tank in Fig. (a), supported along the circumference as shown, the magnitude of Na may be obtained from
consideration of equilibrium. If it is required to obtain Na at section 1 - 1 from calculation of the total downward load,
there are two possibilities. The downward load may be taken to be the weight of water and tank of the annular part i.e.
W1 shown in Fig. (b)

Fig. Water tank with spherical bottom.

Fig intze reservoir
Alternatively, the downward load may be calculated from the weight of water and tank bottom of the part i.e. W2 less
upward reaction of the support as shown in Fig.
For section, which cuts the tank bottom inside the support, the reaction has to be considered with the weight of water and
tank of the annular part.
Similar is the case with Intze reservoir as in Fig. (a), which combines a truncated dome with a spherical segment. Pattern
of the two forces N1and N2 at point A are shown in Fig (b). To eliminate horizontal forces on the supporting ring
girder, it is necessary that N 1cos 1 = N2cos 2.

33 | P a g e

1.17.DesignofReinforcedConcreteDomes:
The requirements of thickness of dome and reinforcement from the point of view of induced stresses are usually very
small. However, a minimum of 80 mm is provided so as to accommodate two layers of steel with adequate cover.
Similarly a minimum of steel provided is 0.15% of the sectional area in each direction along the meridians as well as

Along the latitudes. This reinforcement will be in addition to the requirements for hoop tensile stresses.
The reinforcement is provided in the middle of the thickness of the dome shell near the edges usually some ring beam is
provided for taking the horizontal component of the meridian stress. Some bending moment develops in the shell near
the edges. As shown in Fig.it is normal to thicken the shell near the edges and provide increased curvature.
Reinforcements near the top as well as near the bottom face of the shell are also provided. The size of the ring beam is
obtained on basis of the hoop tension developed in the ring due to the horizontal component of the meridian stress. The
concrete area is obtained so that the resulting tensile stress when concrete alone is considered does not exceed 1.1
N/mm2 to 1.70 N/mm2 for direct tension and 1.5 N/mm2 to 2.40 N/mm2 for tension due to bending in liquid resisting
structure depending on the grade of concrete.
Reinforcement for the hoop stress is also provided with the allowable stress in steel as 115 N/mm2 (or 150 N/mm2) in
case of liquid retaining structures and 140 N/mm2 (or 190 N/ mm2) in other cases. The ring should be provided so that
the central line of the shell passes through the centroid of the ring beam. Reinforcement has to be provided in both the
directions. If the reinforcement along the meridians is continued up to the crown, there will be congestion of steel there.
Hence, from practical considerations, the reinforcement along the meridian is stopped below the crown and a separate
mesh, as shown in Fig (a), is provided. Alternatively, the arrangement of the bars may be made as shown in plan in Fig.
(b)
In case of domes with lantern opening with concentrated load acting there, ring beam has to be provided at the periphery
of the opening. The edge beam their will, however, be subjected to hoop compression in place of hoop tension.
Openings may be provided in the dome as required from other functional or architectural requirements. However,
reinforcement has to be provided all around the opening as shown in Fig. (c). The meridian and hoop reinforcement
reaching the opening should be well anchored to such reinforcement.
34 | P a g e

The allowable stresss specified in IS 3370 for such tanks are as follows: rmer
2
Typeofstresses:PermissiblestressinN/mm .Highyieldstrength
PlainbarGradeI1966.
sconfirmingofIS43219
Todefor6.IS17861
edbarsasp66oris113
(/') Tensile stress in members under
No table of contents entries found. Direct load.

35 | P a g e

The699

2
2
2
2
2
Direct tensile stress in concrete a may be taken as 1.1 N/mm , 1.2. N/mm , 1.3 N/mm , 1.5 N/mm , 1.6 N/mm and 1.7
2
N/mm for M15, M20, M25, M30, M35 and M40 respectively, the value in tension due to bending i.e.,o being 1.5
2
2
2
2
2
2
N/mm , 1.7 N/mm , 1.8 N/mm , 2.0 N/mm , 2.2 N/mm and 2.4 N/mm .
Stress due to shrinkage or temperature change may be ignored if these permissible stresses in concrete and steel are not
exceeded and adequate precautions are taken to avoid cracking of concrete during construction period until the reservoir
is put into use.
And if it is assured that the concrete will never dry out. If it is required to calculate shrinkage stresses, a shrinkage strain
of 300 (10)

-6

may be assumed.

When shrinkage stresses are considered, the permissible stresses may be increased by 33-j%.
When shrinkage stresses are considered it is necessary to check the thickness for no crack.
Minimum reinforcement of each of two directions at right angles shall have an area of 0.3% for 100 mm thick concrete to
0.2% for 450 mm thick concrete wall. In floor slabs, minimum reinforcement to be provided is 0.15%. The minimum
reinforcement as specified above may be decreased by 20%), if high strength deformed bars are used.
Minimum cover to reinforcement on the liquid face is 25 mm or diameter of the bar, whichever is larger and should be
increased by 12 mm for tanks forsea water or liquid of corrosive character.
12.OverheadWaterTanksAndTowers
Overhead water tanks of various shapes can be used as service reservoirs, as a balancing tank in water supply schemes
and for replenishing the tanks for various purposes. Reinforced concrete water towers have distinct advantages as they
36 | P a g e

are not affected by climatic changes, are leak proof, provide greater rigidity and are adoptable for all shapes.

Components of a water tower consists of-

(a)Tank portion with -

(1) Roof and roof beams

(2) sidewalls

(3)Floor or bottom slab (4) floor beams, including circular girder

(b)Staging portion, consisting of(5) Columns

(6) Bracings and

(7) Foundations

Types of water Tanks may be

(a) Square-open or with cover at top
(b) Rectangular-open or with cover at top
(c) Circular-open or with cover at which may be flat or domed.
Among these the circular types are proposed for large capacities. Such circular tanks may have flat floors or domical
floors and these are supported on circular girder.
37 | P a g e

The most common type of circular tank is the one, which is called an Intze Tank. In such cases, a domed cover is
provided at top with a cylindrical and conical wall at bottom. A ring beam will be required to support the domed roof. A
ring beam is also provided at the junction of the cylindrical and conical walls. The conical wall and the tank floor are
supported on a ring girder, which is supported on a number of columns.
Usually a domed floor is shown in fig a result of which the ring girder supported on the columns will be relieved from
the horizontal thrusts as the horizontal thrusts of the conical wall and the domed floor act in opposite direction.

Sometimes, a vertical hollow shaft may be provided which may be supported on the domed floor.
The design of the tank will involve the following

. (1) The dome at top usually 100 mm to 150 mm thick with reinforcement along the meridians and latitudes. The rise is
usually l/5th of the span.
(2) Ringbeamsupportingthedome. The ring beam is necessary to resist the horizontal component of the thrust of the
dome. The ring beam will be designed for the hoop tension induced.

(3) Cylindricalwalls:This has to be designed for hoop tension caused due to horizontal water pressure.
(4) Ringbeamatthejunctionofthecylindricalwallsandtheconicalwall.This ring beam is provided to resist the
horizontal component of the reaction of the conical wall on the cylindrical wall. The ring beam will be designed for the
induced hoop tension.
(5) Conicalslab, this will be designed for hoop tension due to water pressure. The slab will also be designed as a slab
spanning between the ring beam at top and the ring girder at bottom.

38 | P a g e

(6) Floorofthetank.The floor may be circular or domed. This slab is supported on the ring girder.

(7) Theringgirder:This will be designed to support the tank and its contents. The girder will be supported on columns
and should be designed for resulting bending moment and Torsion.
(8) Columns:These are to be designed for the total load transferred to them. The columns will be braced at intervals
and have to be designed for wind pressure or seismic loads whichever govern.
(9) Foundations:A combined footing is usuals provided for all supporting columns. When this is done it is usual to
make the foundation consisting of a ring girder and a circular slab.

Suitable proportions for the Intze.

3
For case (1) suggested by Reynolds. Total volume ~0.585D for case (2), the proportion was suggested by Grey and Total
Volume is given by
With
V1 = D2/4 * (H) = 0.3927 D3 for H =D/2
V2 = .h/12(D2+d2+d) =0.10263 D3
h = D/5 and d =3/5D
V3 =( h1)/6 ((3r)^2+(h1)^2) = 0.0179 D^3
h1 = 3/25D and r =3/10D
Volume V =o.4693 D^3
With h1 = D/6 and r =3/10D

39 | P a g e

Volume V= 0.493 D

DESIGN

40 | P a g e

DESIGN OF A RCC OVERHEAD WATER TANK BY MEMBRANE ANALYSIS

DIMENSIONS OF TANK-

Cylindrical portion diameter,

D1 = 10 meter

Diameter of bottom ring beam, D2 = 7 meter

Rise of roof slab D1/7.5,

H1 = 1.34 meter

Rise of bottom slab

H2 = 1 meter

Height of conical dome

Capacity or Volume of tank

41 | P a g e

= 1.5 meter

= 450 m3 [4,50,000 LTR.]

DIMENSIONS OF DOME

Radius of top dome R1 = 10

Radius of bottom dome R2 = 7

Half angle of top dome

Half angle of bottom dome

Angle of conical dome

= 30

= 30

= 45

Calculation of height of cylinder

D
4

42 | P a g e

h +

H
H2 2

2
2
[
D
+
D
+D
D
]

1
2
1 2
12
3

[3R2 - H2]

450 =

h = 4.9

2
4 *10 h +

12

* 1.5[ 102 +72 + 7*10]

1 2
[3*7 1]
3

5 meter.

DESIGN OF TOP DOME

43 | P a g e

Given data,

R1 = 10 MT.

Sin

Cos

= 0.5

= .866

According to I.S. 450-2000 may be take thickness of roof 0.1 meters.

According to as per I.S. 875 Take live load 1500/m2 .

Total load on surface = Live load + Self load

44 | P a g e

= 1500 + (0.1 * 1 * 25000)

P = 4000 N/mm2

Meridional thrust at edge

T1 =

PR 1
1+COS 1

= 21435 N/m

Meridional stress

T1
= 100*1000

=0.21 N/mm2 (safe)

Maximum hoop stress occur at center and its magnitude

45 | P a g e

PR 1
*
T1

= 200000 N/m2 = 0.2 N/mm2 (safe).

Permissible stress for m-20 concrete = 1.2 N/mm2

So, should not any value greater this.

Since,
The stresses are within the safe limits provide nominal reinforcement @ 0.3 % as per I.S. code

As = 0.3x1000x100/100 = 300 mm2

Use 10 mm

bar

Spacing = 1000x 78.5/300

= 260 m.

46 | P a g e

Hence provide bar both direction. Fe 415.

So, 10mm

@ 260 c/c.

DESIGN OF TOP RING BEAM B1

47 | P a g e

Horizontal component of meridional thrust is given by: -

PH = T1cos

= 21435*COS 30

= 18563.25 N/m

Total torsion tending to rupture the beam

48 | P a g e

TR = PH *

D1
2

= 92815 N

Permissible stress in HYSD bar Fe 415 is 150 N/mm2.

According to I.S. 3370

TR
Area of steel = 150

= 615.7 mm2
Use 14mm

bar

No. Of bar = 4

Provide AS = 616 mm2 .

Permissible stress for m-20 concrete is 1.2 N/mm2 as per [I. S. 3370]

49 | P a g e

Calculate the area of section of beam

TT
= 1.2
[ A ( M-1 ) A S ]
A = 69929.8 mm2

Take width of beam 240 mm and depth of beam given 300 mm.

Shear force 18653 N

v=

S
bd

= 0.31 N/mm

AS
P% = 1O0* B*D

= 1.062 %

for this % M-20 concrete

50 | P a g e

shear stress,

c max

= 0.391 N/mm2

= 1.8 N/mm2

c max

Provide minimum reinforcement

Spacing = 0.87 * fy *

A sv
0.4* b = 377 mm

It is very large.

So provide, 2 leg 8mm

51 | P a g e

@ 225 c/c.

DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL WALL

In the membrane analysis the tank wall is assumed to be free at top and bottom.
Maximum hoop tension occurs at the base of the wall its magnitude ---------- given

T = wh*

D
2

52 | P a g e

= 245250 N/m [ highest]

Area of steel

T
S

245250
150

= 1635mm2

Spacing = 1000 *

201
1635

= 122 mm

Providing ring reinforcement 16mm

53 | P a g e

@ 120 c/c.

Calculate the section area of beam

245250
A+ 121635

= 1.2

A = 1847.55 mm2

A = 1000* thickness (t)

t = 184 mm

Calculate thickness of wall

t = 3H + 5 cm.

= (3*5 + 5) cm.

= 20 cm.

54 | P a g e

= 200 mm.

So take thickness 200mm at bottom & 180 mm. at top.

Provide 0.3 % distributory reinforcement (I.S. 3370)

L
ASV = 0.3 * tav * 100

= 0.3 * 190 *

1000
100

= 570 mm2

Use 10mm

vertical bar A = 78.5 mm

S

Spacing =

100078.5
570

55 | P a g e

=37mm

Provide vertical bar 10mm

@ 135mm.

Reinforcement at 2 meter from bottom

4
5

AS2 = 1635 *

= 1308 mm2

16mm

@ 150mm c/c

Reinforcement at 3 meter from bottom

AS3 = 1635 *

3
5

= 981 mm2

56 | P a g e

16 mm

@ 200mm c/c

Reinforcement at 4 meter from bottom

AS3 = 1635*

3
5

= 981 mm2

16mm

@ 200mm c/c

Reinforcement at 4 meter from bottom

AS4 = 1635 *

2
5

= 654mm2
Reinforcement at top

AS5 = 1635 *

57 | P a g e

2
5

= 327mm2

use 16mm

@ 300mm c/c

DESIGN OF RING BEAM B3

58 | P a g e

The beam connect with cylindrical wall. So, it bear vertical load of wall and dome roof and transfer load by meridional
thrust in the conical dome.

Calculation of load per meter

1. Load of dome = TI sin

= 21435 sin 30

= 10717 N/m
2. Load of ring beam = 0.3 * (0.24 -0.17) * 2500

= 525 N/m

59 | P a g e

3. Load due to tank wall = 5 * 0.19 * 1* 25000

= 23750 N/m

Let self weight of beam (0.5*0.6 ) with (0.15*0.7) cantilever

WS = [(0.5*0.6) + (0.15*0.7)] * 25000

WS

= 10125 N/m

Total weight, W = 45117 N

PSW = W tan

= W * tan 45

= 45117 N
Weight of water at beam

PW = w*h*d
60 | P a g e

= 9810*5*0.4

= 19620 N/m
Total hoop tension,

T3 = (PSW + PW)

D
2

T3 = 323685 N/m

T3

Area of steel
150

323685
150

= 2157.9 mm2
Provide 6 bar 22

in every direction of beam

Actual area = 2280mm2

To check stress in equivalent section

T3 / [(500*600)+(12*1962)] < 1.2

61 | P a g e

[AS per I.S 3370, 1.2 = permissible stres

0.993 < 1.2 ,

[ so section is safe ]

use 10 mm

2-leg stirrups to support ring bar.

In cantilever provide 10mm

ring bar 250 c/c with 10mm radial bar 200mm c/c.

DESIGN OF CONICAL DOME

62 | P a g e

(a) Meridional thrust calculation :

Weight of water on conical wall = WW

4 [D12 D22] * h * 9810 + [ 12

*h

* 9810 (D12 + D22 + D1 D2)]

[ 4 * D22 * h

* 9810]

2
2
[10

7
]
*
5
*
9810
+
[
4
12

[ 4

* 72 * 1.5 * 9810]

= 288.55 * 9810
63 | P a g e

* 1.5 * 9810(102 + 72 + 70)]

= 2242084

Assume thickness of conical slab to be 300mm.

Self weight, WS = (25000 *

10+7
* 1.5 *
2

* 0.3)

= 424850 N
Weight of beam B3 = 45117 * * 10
= 1417392 N

Total weight per meter

W=

4084326
7

W = 185726 N/m

Meridional thrust, T =

W
COS
= 262656 N/m

meridional stress = 1000300

= 0.875 N/mm2
64 | P a g e

(safe)

(b) HOOP TENSION

Diameter of conical dome at any height h above base.

D =

7+

107
h
2

D = 7 + 1.5h

Intensity of water pressure

P = [h + h
= [5 + 1.5
=(6.5

h] * 9810

h] * 9810

h) * 9810 N/m

Self weight q = (0.3 *1*1) * 25000

= 7500 N/mm2

hence hoop tension T

=[

P
cos

P
+7500 tan 45 ]
= [ cos 45

= 341870 + 24700h 10404h2

dT / dh = 0 = 24700 -2*10404h

65 | P a g e

+ q tan

] * D /2

7 +1.5 h
2
]

24700
h = 210404 = 1.187
TMAX (1.187) = 356529.9 N

DESIGN OF WALL

66 | P a g e

Meridional stress 0.875 N/mm2 (safe)

Maximum hoop stress resisting by steel

AS =

356529.9
150

= 2376 mm2

each face reinforced = 1188 mm2

provide 16mm

@ 165mm c/c both face

maximum tensile stress in composite section

356529.9
3001000+122376 < 1.2
67 | P a g e

1.08 < 1.2 N/mm2

(safe)

Distributary steel meridional direction 0.3%

ASD =

0.33001000
100

= 900mm2

provide 10mm

68 | P a g e

@ 170mm c/c.

DESIGN OF BOTTOM DOME

69 | P a g e

Given data,

Diameter of base tank = 7

Radius of dome R2

Rise of bottom slab H2 = 1

Sin

Cos

= 0.5

= 0.86

= 30

Weight of water on the dome

70 | P a g e

=7


WW = [ 4

* 72 * 6.5

* 12(3*7 - 1)]

= 229.2*9810

= 2248504 N

Let the thickness of bottom 250mm

Self weight = 25000 * 2 R2 * h2* t

= 25000 * 2 *

* 7* 1* 0.250

WS = 274889 N

Total weight W = WS + WW

W = 2523393 N

Meridional thrust,

71 | P a g e

T 2 =W/(D 2 sin2 )

2523393
7sin 30
= 229491 N/m

Meridional stress =

T2
t * 1000

229491
2501000

= 0.917 N/mm2

(safe)

Pressure intensity, P2 =

W
2R 2 H2

= 57373 N/mm2

Max hoop stress at center of dome

P2R2
2t 2

= 0.803N/mm2

72 | P a g e

(safe)

Provide 0.3% steel both direction

AS =

0.32501000
100

= 750mm2

Provide 12mm

@ 150 mm c/c in both direction and also provide meridional bar 12mm

face for 750mm to take case of the continuity effect.

73 | P a g e

@ c/c near the water

Design of water circular beam B2

Meridional thrust of conical dome

Sin

= 262656 Sin45

= 185726 N/m

outward dome thrust , T2Cos

= 229491 Cos 30

= 198745 N/m

Net invert thrust, T = 13019 N/m

74 | P a g e

D
2

Hoop compressive in beam = T *

= 45566.5
assuming size of beam [500 * 900]

hoop stress =

45566.5
500850

= 0.107 N/mm2

self weight of beam

Ws = 0.5 * 0.9 * 25000

= 11250 N/m

Total vertical load on beam

=T

Cos

+ T2 Sin

= 185726 + 114745 + 11250

75 | P a g e

+ self weight (Ws)

= 311721.5 N/m

Let us supported 8 beam equal distance or circumference of 3.5 meter radius

= 45 =

= 22.5

= 9.5

4 ,

R = 3.5
C1 = 0.066
C2 = 0.03
C3 = 0.005

Moment, m = wR2 2

= 311721.5 * 3.52 *

m = 2999112.3 N-m

a) maximum v moment at support ms = c1m = 1.97941.4 N-m

b) maximum +v B.M. at mid span MC = c2m = 89973.3 N-m

76 | P a g e

c) maximum torsional moment Mm = c3m =14995.5 N-m

For M-20 concrete (

HYSD bar (

x=0.378 d

2
3

z = 0.87 d
Mr = 1.156 bd2

= 1.2N/mm2)

= 150 N/mm2) for Fe 415 [I.S. 3370]

Depth, d =

197941.4
1.156500

= 585.2mm

Let take depth 900mm include 50mm cover to see shear effect.

Maximum shear at support wR

77 | P a g e

= 428444.6 N

 Shear force at any point is giving F = wR ()

= 311721*3.5*(22.5-9.5)

= 247545 N
Maximum torsional moment

= wr2 (

sin

cot

= 49155.2 N-m

Main & longitudinal reinforcement

a) B.M. at support Ms = 197941 N-m

78 | P a g e

cos

- 1)

AS =

197941
150

= 1320mm2

Provide 7 bar- 16 mm

under 40mm cover at top.

Provide AS = 1407 mm2

b) B.M. at mid span MC = 89973mm2 N-m

AS =

89973
150

= 600mm2 .

Use 3 bar 16mm

c) Torsional moment

79 | P a g e

under 50mm cover at bottom.

[M

T = MM = 14995 N-m

T 1+
Me1 = M

MT

1.7

D
b

= 24697; D=900mm, b= 500mm]

Me1 = 49155 + 24697

= 73852 N-m.

AS =

M e1 /150

Use 12mm

Me2 = M MT

= - 24458 N-m

AS = Me2 /150
80 | P a g e

= 492mm2

- 2 bar. Top of beam .

Provide 508mm2

= 49155 N-m = M]

= 163mm2

use 16mm

1 bar at bottom of beam

provide 201mm 2
d) also provide 16mm

bar 800mm length to take case continuity effect at junction

[I.S. 337O]

Traverse reinforcement

Maximum shear at support, V = 428444

81 | P a g e

428444
500850

P% =

1001520
500850

For this %

<

= 1.0 N/mm2

= 0.31 %

= 1.8 N/mm2

<

CMAX

So provide shear reinforcement

VS = (

) b.d

= 321725 N

use 4-leg 10mm

82 | P a g e

strriups .

ASV = 314mm2

sv * A SV * d
VS

Spacing =

So provide 10mm

= 123mm

@ 120mm c/c.

(b) Minimum shear at mid span

S.F. at mid = 0

But provide minimum reinforcement

Spacing of 2 leg 8mm

0.87*f y *A SV

S = 0.4b

83 | P a g e

stirrups.

= 150; d= 850]

0.87415100
0.4500

= 180mm

so provide 8mm

@ 180mm c/c.

(c). Torsional shear force , F =

wR ( )

= 247545 N

Ve = V + 1.6

Ve
bd

84 | P a g e

T
b

= 0.695 N/mm2

where T = Mm = 14995 N-m; b = 0.50 m

100462
500850

P% =

For this %

c max

= 0.108%

= 0.18 N/mm2

= 1.8 N/mm2

<

<

c max ,

So provide shear reinforcement.

VS =

( v c ) * 500 * 850

Use 10mm

= 218875 N

stirrups 4 leg

AS = 314m2

Spacing =

85 | P a g e

s *A SV *d
VS

= 182mm

Use 4-leg 10mm

@ 180mm.

Side face reinforcement.

Provide 0.1% side face reinforcement if depth greater than 450mm [I.S. - 3370]

AS =

0.1500850
100

Provide 16mm

AS = 402mm2

86 | P a g e

= 425mm2.

2-bar both side.

DESIGN OF COLUMNS

87 | P a g e

Tank supported on 7 meter diameter ring height of staging from ground level
16 meter. Braces given 4 meter gap total weight transfer on column

W = [weight of water + weight of tank]

= [4490588 + 2364525]

= 6855113 N.

Or

W = unit load on B2 *

88 | P a g e

* D2

= 311721 .5 *

*7

= 6855113 N.

load applied per column = W/8

= 856889 N

Let the column be of 500mm diameter.

Self weight of column per meter height =

* d2* 1* 25000

= 4908 N

Assuming size of braces [300mm * 600mm].

Length of each brace = L = R (sin

89 | P a g e

/cos
n
n )

4910 N

= 3.5 * (sin 8 /cos 8 )

= 2.68 meter

clear size of brace = 2.68 0.5 = 2.178 meter

2.2 meter

weight of each brace = 0.3 * 0.6 * 2.2 * 25000

= 9900 N.

load on panel

W = applied load + self load of panel (column + brace)

90 | P a g e

W1 = 856889 + 4x4910

= 876529 N

W2 = 856889 + 8x4910 + 1x9900

= 906069 N.

W3 = 856889 + 12x4910 + 2x9900

= 935609 N.

W4 = 856889 + 17x4910 + 3x9900

= 970059 N.

WIND LOAD

Intensity of wind pressure assume as per city 1500N/m 2 .

91 | P a g e

let us take shape factor of 0.7 for sections circular in plan.

Wind load on tank, dome & braces :

WW = [(5x10.4) + (8.4 x

2
3

x 1.34) + (1.5

x 9.1) + (7.5 x 0.9)] 1500 x 0.7

= 89836 N.

This may be assume to act at about 5.5 meter above the bottom of ring beam.

Wind load on each panel of 4 meter height of columns

= [(4 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.7)+(0.6 x 7.5)] x 1500

= 23550 N.

Wind load at the top end of top panel =

92 | P a g e

1
2

x 4 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.7 x 1000

= 8400 N.

The point of contraflexure Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are assumed to be at mid height
of each panel. The shear force QW and moments MW due to wind at these
Planes are given below :

Level

Q1

QW (N)

98236

M W (N - m)

(89836 x 6) + (8400 )

= 5555816

Q2

120786

(89836 X 10) + (8400 X 6) + (22550 x 2)

= 993860

93 | P a g e

Q3

143336

(89836 x 14) + (8400 x 10) + 22550 (6 + 2)

= 1522104

Q4

165886

(89836 x 18.5) + (8400 x 14.5) +

22550(10.5+6.5+2.5) = 2223491

The axial thrust VMAX = 4MW/nD2 = 4MW/(8*7) = 0.0714MW is the farthest leeword column.

The shear force SMAX = 2QW/n = 0.25QW in the column of the bending axis at each of the above

levels and the bend moment M = SMAX x

Level

h
2

in the column are tabulated below

VMAX

SMAX

M (N-m)

Q1

33701

24559

49118

Q2

70989

30196

60392

Q3

108721

35834

71668

158820

41471

103677

94 | P a g e

Q4

Axial
load (N)

VMAX (N)

876529

33701

906069

70989

935609

108721

970059

158820

The farthest leeward column will be subjected to the superimposed axial load plus V MAX. The
column on the bending axis , on the other hand , will be subjected to super-imposed axial load
plus plus a bending moment M given above. These critical combination for various panels of
these column are tabulated below:

Panel

Farthest leeward
column

Q1 Q1
Q2 Q2
Q3 Q3
Q4 Q4

Column on bending
axis
Axial
load (N)

M (N-m)

876529

49118

906069

60392

935609

71668

970059

103677

According to I.S. code, when effect of load is to be considered, the permissible stresses in

material may be increased 33

95 | P a g e

1
3

%. For the farthest leeward column the axial thrust V MAX due

to wind load is less than even 10% of the super-imposed load. Hence the effect of load is not
critical for the farthest leeward column. However column situated on the bending axis need be
considered to see the effect of maximum B.M. of 103677 N-m due to wind, along with the superimposed axial load of 970059 N AT the lowest panel.

Use M-20 concrete, for which and

cbc

=7N/mm2 and

230N/mm2. All the three can be increased by 33

1
3

cc

= 5 N/mm2 . for steel,

st

% when taking into account of wind

action.
Diameter of column = 500mm.

Vmax is greater than 10% of axial load. So, consider effect of maximum bending moment
103677 N-m due to wind.

Equivalent moment of inertia =

64

d4 +(m-1)

A sc

d'2
8

= 12271.84 + 264600 A sc

[m= 13]
[d= 420]

96 | P a g e

Equivalent equation =

[y=

d
2

cbc

1.33

= 200]

103677 1000 250

7 1.33
12271.84 +264600 A sc

Main Reinforcement

97 | P a g e

= 7]

cbc

vertical reinforcement (0.8% to 6%)

we provide 1% vertical reinforcement

Asv =

500
4

Provide 16mm

No. of bar =

1
100

= 1963.5 mm2

bar

1963.5
201

= 9.76 = 10 bar

Actual Asv = 2010 mm2

Use tie bar 8mm

98 | P a g e

@ c/c .

DESIGN OF BRACES

The bending moment and shear force by given equation :

99 | P a g e

 calculation of angle
tan (

8 )=

1
cot
2

= 24.8

moment (m1)max =

Q W1 . h 1 + Q W2 .h 2

n sin2
n

cos

1658865+1433364
8sin 45

+
sin (
n )

[cos2 24.8

= 150175 N-m
maximum shear force in a braces

SMAX =

1658865+1433364
8sin 45

[2 cos2 8

= 108795 N

100 | P a g e

Twisting moment T = 0.05M = 7508 N-m

x sin

2
8 ]

sin(24.8

+ 8 )]

Use M-20 concrete, for which and

560mm, for Fe-415,

Ast =

st

cbc

=7N/mm2,

= 230N/mm2 .

M
st j. d

1501751000
2300.906560

= 1290mm2

use 16mm

- 7 bars each face up & down.

Provided reinforcement = 1407mm2

101 | P a g e

cc

= 5 N/mm2 , m=13,

j = 0.906, d=

 Shear force
F = 108795 N

Ve = V + 1.6

T
b

where T = 7508 N-m; b = 300 mm

= 108795 + (1.6*7508)/0.3

= 148837 N

Ve
bd

P% =

For this %

c max

148837

= 300560

100 A S
b.d

100 1407
300 560

= 0.363 N/mm2

= 1.8 N/mm2

102 | P a g e

= 0.88N/mm2

= 0.8375%

<

<

c max ,

So provide shear reinforcement.

VS =

( v c ) * 300 * 560

= 86730 N
use 2leg 8mm

stirrups

AS = 100mm2

Spacing =

s *A SV *d
VS

230100560
86730

= 150mm

103 | P a g e

so provide 2-leg 8mm

@ 150 c/c.

DESIGN OF RAFT FOUNDATION

104 | P a g e

Vertical load from filled tank and columns = 8 x 970059

= 7760492 N
weight of water = 4490588 N

weight of empty tank = 3269884 N

VMAX due to wind load = 158820 x 8,

Which is less than 33

1
2

% of super-imposed load.

Assume self weight etc. as 10% = 777049 N.

so total load Pt = 7760472 + 776047

105 | P a g e

= 8536519 N.

Given data ;

Bearing capacity of soil, Ps = 150KN/m2

Density of soil,

= 17 KN/m2

Angle of repose,

Depth of foundation

D=

106 | P a g e

P s 1 - sin
2
1 + sin

= 30

150 1 - sin 30
2
170 1 + sin 30

= 0.98 meter
Area of foundation

AF =

Total load on foundation

bearing capacity of soil

AF =

8536519
1501000

= 56.9mm2

Circumference of foundation on the center of foundation

C=

= 21.99 meter

Width of foundation = AF/C = 2.58

107 | P a g e

2.6 meter

Inner diameter of raft = [7 2.6] = 4.4 meter

Outer diameter of raft = [7 + 2.6] = 9.6 meter

Area of annular raft

2
2
2
4 [9.6 4.4 ] = 57.2 m

Moment of inertia of slab about diametrical axis

J=

64

64

[dout4 dinn4]

[9.64 4.44]

J = 398.52 m4

load of empty tank with foundation

= 3269884 + 776047
= 4045931 N
108 | P a g e

Stabilizing moment

= 4045931 x

9.6
2

= 19420468 N-m

Let the base of raft be 2 meter below ground level.

Moment of wind at base,

MW = 89836 x 22 + 18400 x 18 + 22500 [6 + 10 + 14]

= 2982592 N

Hence the soil pressure at edge along a diameter are

109 | P a g e

a) tank full

8536519 2982592

56.9
398.5

157511 N/m2 or 142542 N/m2

b) empty tank

4045931 2982592

56.9
398.5

178590 N/m2 or 63621 N/m2

under the wind load the allowable bearing capacity is increased to 150 x 1.33 = 200 KN/m 2 ,
which is greater than the maximum soil pressure of 157.5 KN/m 2. Hence the foundation raft will
be designed only for super-imposed load.
The foundation will be designed for an average pressure P :
P = 7760472/57.2 =135672.59 N/m2
The foundation with moment method :
B.M. = P

x
2
x

The over hang

B.M. = 15000

of raft slab = (2.6 0.5) = 1.05

( 1.05 ) 2
2

Shear force = 150000

110 | P a g e

= 82687.5 N-m.

1.05 = 157500 N.

Depth d =

Mr
0.91 b
82687.5 1000
0.91 1000

d = 300mm

Check in shear failure

Shear force, V = PS x (1.05 - d) x 1
= 150 x 103 (1.05 - d) N
shear stress analysis by equation :

= V/(b.d)

x b.d = 150 x 103 (1.05 - d)

for nominal reinforcement 0.3%

= 0.24 N/mm2 0r 0.24 x 106 N/mm2 .

so that

0.24 x 106 x 1 x d = 150 x 103 (1.05 - d)

d = 0.403 meter

410 mm

<kx

= 150 x 103 x 0.64 x 10-6/(0.41 x 1)

= 0.234 N/mm2

111 | P a g e

for above 300mm thick slab value of k is 1 and for 0.3% value of

is 0.24 N/mm2.

So 0.23 < 1 x 0.24

It is less than the value of (k x

). So it is safe .

Hence take thickness of slab 410mm with 40mm cover. So actual depth of slab is 450mm.
Ast =

0.3b . d
100

Use 16mm

0.31000450
100

bar As = 201mm2

1000201
1230

Spacing =

So provide 16mm

= 163mm

@ 160mm c/c.

Area of distributed steel =

Use 10mm

Spacing =

100078.54
615

Provide 10mm

= 1230mm2

0.151000410
100

= 615mm2

bar As = 78.54 mm2

= 127mm2

@ 125mm and also increase alternate spacing at the end 200mm

Design of circular beam of raft

112 | P a g e

The design of circular beam of raft will be practically similar to the circular beam B 2 provided at
the top of the column.

Design load =

7760772
7

= 352904 N/m

The circular beam B2 was design for 311721 N/m. Hence the B.M. etc. will be increased in this
ratio of

352904
311721

Max. ( ) B.M. at support

= 1.132

= Ms = 197941 x 1.132 = 224070 N-m

Max. (+) B.M. at mid-span = Mc = 89973 x 1.132 = 101849 N-m

Max. torsional moment

= Mm = 14995 x 1.132 = 16974 N-m

B.M. at the point of max torsion = 49155

At

=9

1.132 = 55643 N/m

, F = 247545 x 1.132 = 560960 N

Max. shear force at supports = 428444 x 1.132 = 484998 N

Use b = 500mm diameter of column.
Use M 20 concrete & Fe-415 steel

113 | P a g e

Depth of beam =

( 2240701000 )
0.9500

d = 701 mm
keep total depth 800mm from shear point of view. Using an effective cover of 50mm, d =
750mm

Main & longitudinal reinforcement

a) section at maximum moment at support

Ast

2240701000
0.9750230

no of 20mm

= 1437.24 mm2

bars =

1437.24
314

However, provide 5 bars of 20mm

As = 1570mm2.

b) Max. (+) B.M. at mid-span

114 | P a g e

= 4.57

at the bottom of section near sopports. Provided

Ast =

1018491000
0.903750230

Use 6 bar 12mm

= 653mm2

at mid-span .

Provide As = 678mm2

c) Section at point of maximum torsion.

T = Mmax = 16974
M = M = 55643
Me = M + MT

MT = T [1 +

D /b
1.7 ]

= 322949 N-m
Me1 = 55643 + 32294.9 = 88592 N-m
AST =

M e1
=570 mm
0.91 230 750

Use 2 bar 16 mm

top and bottom.

Provided AST = 804 mm2

115 | P a g e

Traverse reinforcement

a) At the point of max. shear at support

At support, F

484998
750500

P% =

100*A s
b.d

For this %

= 484998 N

<

c max

= 1.29 N/mm2

1001437
700500

= 0.3258N/mm2

= 1.8 N/mm2

<

c max

So provide shear reinforcement

116 | P a g e

= 0.4186%

Vs = (

Use 10mm

)*750*500 = 361575 N

stirrups 4 leg

As = 314mm2

Spacing =

230314750
361575

Provide 4 leg 10mm

= 150mm

@ 150mm c/c.

b) Shear force at mid-span

S.F. = zero

But provide minimum reinforcement

Use 2 leg 10mm

117 | P a g e

stirrups

As =157mm2

4150.87157
0.4500

Spacing =

So provide 2 leg 10

= 283mm

@ 280 c/c.

c) At the point of maximum torsional moment

V = 280220 N

Ve = V + 1.6

T = 16974

T
b

= 334536 N

v=

Ve
b.d

= 0.89

p%=

for this %

c max

100 804
750 500

= 0.257 N/mm2

= 1.8n N/mm2

118 | P a g e

= 0.214 %

<

<

c max

So provide shear reinforcement

Vs = (

750 500

= 237150 N
use 10mm

spacing =

230 314 750

237150

2 leg stirrups As = 314 mm2

= 228 mm

provide 4 leg 10mm

stirrups @ 225mm c/c.

Side face reinforcement

If the depth more than 450mm provide side reinforcement 0.1% on each side.
As =

0.1750500
100

= 375mm2

Provide 2 bars 16mm

Actual As = 804mm2 .

119 | P a g e

each face at mid beam .

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Rise of step = 160mm

Tread = 250mm
Width of step = 700mm

Weight ot triangular shape = 2

tread

rise

1
0.25
2

0.16

= 500 N/m
[assume thickness 100mm]
weight of stringer bed = 1
120 | P a g e

0.3

0.1

25000

= 750 N/m
total load of one step = 1250 N
Load applied per meter length =

1250
0.25

= 5000 N/m

Load of railing = 500 N/m

Maximum live load = 1500 N/m
Total load = 7000 N/m

wl 2
8

Bending moment =

Use Fe 415 steel ,

st

Depth of beam , d =

70002.752
= 6617.18 N-m
8

= 230 Mpa

M-20 grade concrete ,

cbc

= 7Mpa

M
0.9 b

6617.18 1000
0.9 1000

d = 85.74 mm
Ast =

Mr
st jd

= 376 mm2
use 10mm @ 165mm c/c.
distributory steel 0.12 % for tor bar
121 | P a g e

0.12 1000 180

100

= 216mm
provide 10mm 300mm c/c.

Design of cantilever at B3
Length of cantilever, l = 2.34 m.
Effective length = l + .16
= 3 meter
[ 50cm landing]
dead load = weight of one flight
= 30982.5 N
self weight (300mm 500mm) beam with slab
= 0.3

0.5

= 7500 N
B.M. =

3
750032
+(
(38987.5
)
)
2
2

= 46111.875 N-M

122 | P a g e

25000

d=

Mr
0.9300

= 168 mm
but we take 450 mm at end & 300mm at free end.
Check in shear
wl

V= 2
=

70002.15
2

9625 N

= V/(b-d)

= 0.053 N/m
p% =

100A st
b.d

= 0.2 %

= 0.23 N/m

>

[so safe in

shear ]
but also provide 10mm
700mm length.

123 | P a g e

at bottom to anchored & take care cracking as a bentup bar in

Ast =

46111.875 1000
230 0.91 450

= 489mm2
use 3-bars 16mm
stirrups = 10mm

124 | P a g e

@ 150mm c/c.

ESTIMATION & COSTING

ESTIMATION

125 | P a g e

S.N
O

DESCRIPTION
OF ITEM

NO.
OF
ITE
M

SECTIO
NAL
AREA
(M2)

HEIGHT
OR
LENGTH
(M)

VOLUME(
M3)

1.

Excavation of
Foundation

72.38

144.76

Concrete in
foundation

REMARK

2
4 9.6 =

A=
72.38

2.

57.17

0.375

2
4 (9-6 -4-

21.44
A=

4)2 = 57.17

0.4+0.3
=
2

H=

3.
4.

Concrete in bottom
ring beam
Concrete in column

11.78

0.375

4.41

0.196

17.00

26.7

0.375
A=

2
4 (0.5) =

A=

D.196 m3
A= bd = 0.60.3
= 0.18
L = (2.75-0.5) =
2.25

5.

Concrete in braces

12

0.18

2.25

4.86

6.

Concrete in ring
beam
B2

11.78

0.9

10.60

A=

7.

Concrete in bottom
dome

44

0.25

11

70.5 =11
H = 0.900 = 0.9m
A = 2R2t =
271 = 44
H2 =0.25

8.

Concrete in conical
dome

8.00

1.5

12

A =

t =

( D 1+ D 2)
2

t1
=
9.

Concrete in ring

126 | P a g e

16.5

0.6

9.9

2 (10+7)0.3

=8
A = (D1+b) b =

beam B3

10.

Concrete in
cantilever

25.73

0.15

3.86

11.

Concrete in
cylindrical wall

6.08

4.580

27.85

12.

Concrete in top ring

beam

9.70

0.240

2.33

13.

Concerete in top
dome

84.2

0.1

8.42

14.

Stair case

88

0.0383

0.7

2.36

(10+0.5) 0.5 =
16.49
H = 0.6
A = (D1+0.5+l)
l =
(10+0.5+0.7)
0.7 = 25.73
A = (D1+0.19)
0.19 = 6.08
H (5-1) = 4.580
A=
(D1+0.34)0.24 =
9.70
A = 2R1t =
2101.34 =
84.2
H1 = 0.1

No. =

14000
160

87.5
A= Rise
15.
16.
17.

Stair case 2
Stair case 3
Stair supporting
basement B3

7
11
1

0.049
0.0383
0.12

0.7
0.7
3

0.24
0.30
0.36

A = bd =
0.40.3 =0.12

TOTAL CONCRETE =146.63 M3

S.NO

DISCRIPT
ION OF
STEEL

NO.
OF
BARS

DIA OF
LENGT
BARS(M H
M)

UNIT
WEIG
HT

WEIG
HT OF
UNIT
LENGT
H

REMARKS

1.

Foundation

87

16

1.578

357

No =

127 | P a g e

2.6

D 2

1000
160

137

Main bar

2.

(i).
(ii).
(iii).

3.

190

16

1.6

1.578

480

Distributory
Bottom
ring main
beam
At top
Mid span
For torsion
Transversin
g

18

10

23

0.616

255

5
6
4
56

20
12
16
10

23
23
23
2.8

2.466
0.887
1.578
0.616

283.6
122.5
145
97

At Mid
Span

50

10

2.33

0.616

Torsion
Side face
Braces
main bars
Stirrups

98
4
84

10
16
16

2.8
22
2.75

0.616
1.578
1.578

72 kg
138.8
365

200

80

1.62

0.3945

127.8

2.6
0.14

l=
7002+4703+6
0 = 2.8 m
70(10-8)0.28 =
50
D=
7002+4402+5
0 = 2.33
No = 712 = 84

No =

Column
main bars

80

16

19

1.578

2398.5

Tie

608

10

1.256

0.3945

301.4

= 18

2500
150 12

= 200
L=
2520+2802+6
0 = 1.62
10 @250 c/c

16 = 4290.8
8 = 1022.2
S.NO DISCRIPTION NO. DIAMET LENG
128 | P a g e

UNIT

TOLTA REMARKS

OF
REINFORCE
MENT

OF
BA
RS

ER OF
BAR
(MM)

TH
OF
BARS
(MM)

WEIG
HT
D2
162.2

L
WEIG
HT
Kg

Kg/m
1.

Bottom circular
Beam B2

16

25

1.578

276

Main beam at
support at mid
span
Torsional top
Torsional bottom
Side face

16

25

1.578

118

2
1
2

16
16
16

25
25
25

1.578
1.578
1.578

78.9
39.5
78.9

L= d =
23.5+1 = 25
m lap

No of bars =
2 d
120
Shear
reinforcement at
support at mid
torsion

184

10

2.8

0.616

515.8

T22

10

23

0.616

172.8

183.3 =184
L = 4leg =
2.8 mm

No =

22000
180

= 122.2 = 123
4 by 180

@ 180
2.

Bottom dome
main bar both
direction
Beam top bar

122
220

10
10

2.8

0.616
0.616

210
542

10 @ 160 c /c
12 @100 c /c

220

10

1m

0.616

135.46

Both direction
A = 2R2h2 =
43.98

16 mm @ 165 mc/c
both force
129 | P a g e

3.

Conical dome
main ring

23

16

29

1.578

1052.5

No of bars =

2 1.9 1000
165
=23
L=

( d 1+ d 2 )
2

17
2
= 27.48 + 1.3
=29
Meridian
distribution bar

315

10

2.12

0.616

411.36

10 @ 170m c /c
both side
No =

8.5 100
170
= 1572 =
315
4.

Ring beam b3

11

16

34

1.578

570.0

Cantilever main

160

10

2.3

0.616

2226.7

L=

2 1.5

= 2.12
L = 33+1.6 =
36
No

( d+ 0.5+0.5)
215
= 160
10 @ 215 c / c
Distribute ring

10

34

0.616

83.7

L=
0.9+0.5+0.4+
0.5 = 2.3

10 @ 215 c / c

130 | P a g e

No =

700
215 =

3.12 = 4 bar
4.

Cylindrical wall
main ring

290

16

34

1.578

1556

16 @ 120 c / c
No of bars =

4.5 1000
160

281.2=29 bars
Distribute vertical

238

10

5.63

0.616

825.4

10 @ 135 c /c
No =

10.2
135

237.2 =238
L=
5+0.2+0.220
+0.2 = 5.63
5.

6.

Top ring beam

main ring
Top dome
10
STAIR CASE
Height long

10

34

0.616

167.5

10 @ 260 c /c
5

10

37

0.616

114

Per flight bar

10 @ 105
Bar =

Distribute

117

10

0.7

0.616

30.5

700
165

= 5.2 =5
Total bar =
52=10
L
=2.74+0.26=
3
3.257=22.8

10 @ 300 c /c
Supporting
cantilever
131 | P a g e

14

16

1.1

1.528

24.3

No = 70
No = 27 =
14

7.

Cantilever at b2
main
Arch

43

16

1.528

14.2

10

0.616

3.7

TOTAL WEIGHT OF 16 BAR =8118

TOTAL WEIGHT OF 10 BAR = 4480

PLASTERING 12MM
Exterior
AREA (m2)

S.NO.

ITEM

NO.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Column
Braces
Ring B2
Bottom dome
Conical dome
Ring beam b3
Cylindrical
wall
Top ring
Top dome
Manhole

8
12
1
1
1
1
1

25.17
4.05
52.7
44
40
62.2
147

201
48.6
52.7
44
40
62.2
147

1
1
1

23
63
2

23
63
2

8
9
10

REMARK

680m2

TOTAL

S.NO

ITEM

NO

BOTTOM DOME

132 | P a g e

TOTAL AREA
(m2)

INTERIOR
AREA(m2)
44

TOTAL AREA
(m2)
44

REMARK

2
3

CONICAL DOME
CYLINDRICAL
WALL

1
1

40
157

40
157

TOTAL

241m2

TOTAL PLASTERING

921m2

COSTING
S.
No
.

Particular of Items

Quant
ity

Uni
t

Rate
(Rs.)

Amount
(Rs.)

144.76

Cu.m

92

13317.92

21.44

Cu.m

6850

146864

26.70

Cu.m

8640

230688

1.
EARTHWORK

Excavation in foundation in ordinary soil

[loam or sand ] including lift upto 1.5
meter & lead upto 30 meter & including
filling , watering & ramming
2
CONCRETE

Providing& Laying cement concrete 1:2:4

including supply of all material, labour,
T&P also including cost of formwork in
foundation & floor.
3.
(a)

R.C.C.

Rcc work with cement & 20 mm ballast

1:2:4 excluding steel , T&P, Frame binding
wire for column, etc.

133 | P a g e

(b)

(c)

(d)

RCC work with cement approved concrete

1:2:4 in lintel of door & excluding
reinforcement also including labour, T&P,
and shuttering.
RCC work with cement approved concrete
1:2:4 in beam & excluding reinforcement
also including labour, T&P, and shuttering
RCC work with cement approved concrete
1:2:4 in cylindrical wall & excluding
reinforcement also including labour, T&P,
and shuttering
RCC T-beam AND slab roof with cement
approved concrete 1:2:4 in top dome &
bottom dome & excluding reinforcement
also including labour, T&P, and shuttering

7350

27.24

8050

219282

27.85

8050

224192.5

7850

STEEL

M.S. tor bar 8mm

1.022

M.S. tor bar 10mm

4.480

M.S. tor bar 16mm

12.41

Tonn
e
Tonn
e
Tonn
e

46500

47523

46500

208320

46500

577065

Bags

292

Sq.m
.

85

57500

Sq.m
.

160

12800

Cement

Pozzolona portland cement (ppc)

White Washing

White washing 2 coat including supply of 680

all material , labour and T&P required for
proper completion of work
80
One coat coaltar but every coat surface
including supply of all material , labour
and T&P for proper completion of work
(under tank)
Plastering
134 | P a g e

12 mm plaster cement and fine sand 1:4

with water proofing
Add for extra labour to all item of plaster
in ceiling
C.I. Pipe 150mm inner dia

socket

921
241

Sq.m
.
Sq.m
.
No./
mete
r
No.

125

115125

12

2892

OTHER WORK
Masson grade

Blacksmithe
Fitter
beldar
chaukidar
Plumber/ electrician
labour

Per
day
312
Per day 312
Per
day
Per
day
Per
day
Per
day
Per
day

284
216
212
312
273

CONCLUSION

135 | P a g e

Storage of water in the form of tanks for drinking and washing purposes, swimming pools for exercise and
enjoyment, and sewage sedimentationtanks are gaining increasing importance in the present day life. For small
capacities we go for rectangular water tanks while for bigger capacitieswe provide circular water tanks.
Design of water tank is a very tedious method. With out power also we can consume water by gravitational
force.

136 | P a g e

137 | P a g e

138 | P a g e

139 | P a g e

REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.

IS:456-2000, Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete.

SIS:3370-1965, Code of Practice for Concrete Structures for Storage of Liquids.
Dr. B. C. Punmia - R.C.C. Designs.
Ashok Kumar Jain Reinforced Concrete.

140 | P a g e

141 | P a g e