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PROGRAMA DE FORMACIN:
I.
Competencias ..............................................................................................................................3
Unidades de aprendizaje ...................................................................................................4
Unidad de aprendizaje 1: Elementos bsicos de la gramtica inglesa. ..................................7
Actividad 1: Sentence Structure ............................................................................................ 13
Actividad 2: Numbers............................................................................................................. 16
Actividad 3: Pictures .............................................................................................................. 18
Actividad 4: Trends in the Mining and Metals Industry ......................................................... 20
Unidad de aprendizaje 2: Nociones bsicas de Minera. .................................................... 22
Actividad 5: Presentacin de la unidad.................................................................................. 28
Unidad de aprendizaje 3: Maquinaria Pesada. .................................................................. 30
Referencias ................................................................................................................................39
Contenidos
Competencias
Este es tu manual del Mdulo Ingls Tcnico para Maquinarias y Equipos. En este
se abordan elementos bsicos de la gramtica de la lengua inglesa, vocabulario
tcnico y conceptos bsicos de la produccin minera.
Tiene como propsito generar un acercamiento a los procesos mineros por medio
del segundo idioma, desde el enfoque del trabajo en equipo. A lo largo del
mdulo, desarrollars actividades grupales e individuales. Estas fortalecern tu
sentido de valores sociales y solidarios, puesto que para desarrollar las actividades
tendrs que confiar en la integridad y competencias de otros, ya que buscarn
cumplir metas en comn. Para ello, tendrs la oportunidad demostrar una buena
disposicin a colaborar con los dems en un ambiente de respeto por las
diferencias y confianza hacia los dems participantes. Estas competencias
reflejan las actitudes y valores que el Centro Tecnolgico Minero desea incorporar
en todos sus egresados, siendo un valor distintivo y diferenciador, exigido en el
desempeo competente de este oficio.
I.
UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 1:
Elementos bsicos de la
lengua inglesa y procesos
mineros.
Horas: 4 horas
cronolgicas
APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO
1.1. Utiliza los elementos
estudiados
para
comprender textos y
comunicar ideas.
1.2. Interpreta un texto.
Horas
tericas
1,5
Horas
prcticas
2,5
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIN
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
Describe imgenes
aprendido.
1.2.1.
1.2.2.
1.2.3.
utilizando
el
vocabulario
Unidades de aprendizaje
Nociones bsicas de
minera.
Horas: 4 horas
cronolgicas
APRENDIZAJES ESPERADOS
2.1. Sintetiza informacin.
Horas
tericas
Horas
prcticas
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIN
2.1.1.
para
la
2.1.2.
2.1.3.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.3.1.
UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 2:
Maquinaria pesada.
APRENDIZAJES ESPERADOS
3.1. Interpreta preguntas.
Horas: 4 horas
cronolgicas
Horas
tericas
Horas
prcticas
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIN
3.1.1. Infiere la idea principal del texto y la expresa en
espaol.
3.1.2. Subraya la informacin que completa cada
pregunta.
UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 3:
El sustantivo
Tool Tools
Truck Trucks
Gas Gases
Bruch Bruches
Box Boxes
Knife Knives
Leaf Leaves
Man Men
Foot Feet
Artculos
Adjetivos
- Adjetivos comparativos:
Los adjetivos cortos de una y no ms de dos slabas aaden er en el
comparativo y est en el superlativo.
Ej:
-Definite article
Adverbios
Los adverbios de frecuencia son aquellos que indican la periodicidad con la que se
repite una accin.
Ej.
always:
siempre
usually:
habitualmente
frequently:
frecuentemente
often:
a menudo
sometimes:
algunas veces
occasionally:
ocasionalmente
rarely:
casi nunca
seldom:
casi nunca
hardly ever:
casi nunca
never:
nunca
Pasado y Participio
check
checked
extract
extracted
lift
lifted
look
looked
play
played
push
pushed
seal
sealed
Ej.
Infinitivo
Pasado y Participio
fly
flew
go
went
have
had
read
read
see
saw
sell
sold
understand
understood
El verbo Haber en ingles se forma con There seguido del verbo To be.
Corresponde al verbo Haber en espaol.
There is:
Ej.
There are:
Ej.
Los verbos irregulares forman sus pasados y participios de manera especfica en cada
caso.
10
Ej.
Chile
is
a seismic country.
Juan
operates
Carlos
doesnt stay
Rodrigo
isnt
an engineer
Oraciones negativas
Para estas ltimas se requiere un verbo auxiliar (AUX) o la palabra NOT, como ocurre
en el caso del verbo TO BE.
Las oraciones negativas alteran esta estructura, debido que se invierte el sujeto y el
verbo. Al igual que en las oraciones negativas, se requiere el verbo auxiliar para
realizar la pregunta, con la excepcin del verbo TO BE.
Ej.
AUX
Do
you
know
how to drive?
Does
Antonio have
Are
you
an engineer?
Is
Cristina an operator?
a car?
Oraciones afirmativas
11
Follow
the rules.
Ej.
Stop!
Keep off
the grass.
Dont push
the button!
Preguntas con Wh
When
How much
What
How many
Where
Which
How
Why
12
Para qu sirve
Esta actividad permite que los participantes sean capaces de identificar
elementos bsicos de la lengua inglesa. Por otra parte, tendrn la oportunidad de
participar y colaborar activamente en equipo.
Materiales
1 pizarra.
1 plumn.
Manos a la obra
1.
2.
3.
13
Puesta en comn:
14
Los nmeros
1. one
11. eleven
30. thirty
2. two
12. twelve
40. forty
3. three
13. thirteen
50. fifty
4. four
14. fourteen
60. sixty
5. five
15. fifteen
70. seventy
6. six
16. sixteen
80. eighty
7. seven
17. seventeen
90. ninety
8. eight
18. eighteen
9. nine
19. nineteen
10. ten
20. twenty
15
Para qu sirve
Esta actividad permite que los participantes sean capaces de reconocer los
nmeros en ingls y reproducirlos. Adems, ofrece la oportunidad de que cada
participante tenga la instancia de colaborar con sus pares.
Materiales
1 pizarra.
1 plumn.
Manos a la obra
1.
2.
Actividad 2: Numbers
16
4.
5.
El resto de los participantes del grupo debe escribir las cifras y deducir la
respuesta en sus cuadernos.
6.
Puesta en comn
a. Los grupos exponen los resultados de los ejercicios al resto de la clase.
b. El instructor rene en los resultados en la pizarra.
c. Los participantes y el instructor corrigen problemas en la construccin oral de
las cifras si es que stos existen.
3.
17
decriben
imgenes
utilizando
la
estructura
gramatical
Para qu sirve
Esta actividad permite que los participantes sean capaces de utilizar elementos
bsicos de la lengua inglesa con el fin de describir imgenes y lugares.
Materiales
1 pizarra.
1 plumn.
Manos a la obra
1.
2.
3.
Actividad 3: Pictures
18
Puesta en comn:
19
Para qu sirve
Esta actividad permite que los participantes sean capaces de identificar
informacin relevante, poder reproducir esta misma con sus propias palabras y,
finalmente, sintetizar la informacin con los elementos bsicos del ingls. Adems,
da la oportunidad que cada participante aporte ideas, aprecie y respete las de
otros como parte del compromiso de trabajar en equipo.
Materiales
Texto Trends in the Mining and Metals Industry, por persona (Anexo N 4)
1 pizarra.
1 plumn.
Manos a la obra
1.
2.
20
4.
5.
Puesta en comn:
a. Cada grupo expone la idea principal del texto y leen el respectivo resumen.
b. El instructor rene en la pizarra las ideas y resumen en ingls del grupo curso.
c. Los grupos relatan cmo abordaron la actividad y los problemas que debieron
enfrentar a lo largo de sta.
3.
21
Mining process
Material extracted from the earth is thoroughly processed in the mining process.
Mining products used on a daily basis, such as metals, are the end result of a long
series of transformations.The series of transformations starts with the rock in the earths
crust. Various minerals are formed in the earths crust as the result of different deposits
and compound combinations. These mineral deposits are called ore. Most ore
contains unnecessary minerals that are removed in the mineral process. The type of
mining process used depends on the type of mineral being processed. Minerals are
usually categorized as rock materials, industrial minerals (e.g. clay), base metals (e.g.
copper) and precious metals (e.g. gold). Other materials used by industry, such as
coal, potash, iron ore and diamonds, are also mined.
22
Oxide ores are generally just crushed prior to further processing since leaching does
not require the same small particle size as floatation.
about 1 - 2 inches. The next step is to feed the crushed ore into a wet grinding process
in tumbling mills. These mills contain the ore, water and steel balls and further reduce
the particles to the optimum size for the flotation process which follows. About 80% of
copper from ore is generated using flotation, smelting and refining.
23
Top: Slurry tanks for sulfide ore. Bottom: Leach field for removing copper from
oxide ore.
Sulfide ores are mixed with water and special chemicals creating a slurry. The slurry,
when agitated causes the copper sulfide minerals to float at which point they are
skimmed off the surface and eventually dried. The dried material called concentrate is
then sent to the smelter.
Oxide ores (and certain sulfide ores) are placed onto a leach pad and saturated with
weak acid solutions that dissolve the copper mineral content. The resulting copperbearing solution is collected and pumped to a solvent extraction plant.
In both mining techniques, the mined ore must be removed from the mine and
transported to a plant for processing and refining. Trucks and trains are used for this
purpose.
24
Top: Dried concentrate delivered to smelter. Bottom: Solvent extraction tanks for
copper solution leached oxide ore.
Sulfide Ore: The dried copper concentrates are sent to the smelting operation where it
is reduced and melted in several operations. At the end of this melting process the
copper is about 99% pure. While this may sound high, it is still not pure enough for
electrical applications, so further processing is required.
Oxide Ore: The copper-bearing solution is collected and pumped to the extraction
plant where it is purified. It progresses through a number of steps that combine an
organic solvent or sulfuric acid to the solution until the copper concentration is high
enough for effective electro-plating.
25
Top: Copper from smelter is cast as anodes. Bottom: Electrowinning produces copper
cathodes ready for shipment.
Sulfide Ores: After smelting, the 99% copper rich material is poured into molds as
"anodes" using a casting wheel and transported to the plating house. In this form, they
are ready for the next step, which involves dissolving and re-plating the copper to
increase its purity level.
Oxide Ores: The copper-bearing solution, from the solvent extraction operations, is
plated into pure copper cathodes using a process called electrowinning. Stainless
steel blanks are added to the plating tanks to act as cathodes and copper is plated
onto them by electro-chemical deposition. It takes about a week before the cathode
is ready to be removed from the tank so the copper can be stripped off the blank. The
cathodes are now 99.99% pure copper and ready to be made into wire, tube or any
number of useful products.
5. Refining
26
The anodes of 99% pure copper are sent to the electrolytic refinery for purification
into very pure copper cathodes. They are immersed into a tank of electrolyte. The
electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and copper sulfate. The copper
dissolves off the anode and is plated on the stainless steel, while all impurities
remain in the electrolyte. After 7 - 14 days, the transfer to the cathode is complete
and it is removed from the tank. The copper is stripped from the stainless steel
sheet, washed and shipped to customers. It is now ready to be made into products
we all recognize.
27
1.
2.
3.
28
Para qu sirve
Esta actividad permite que los participantes sean
responsabilidad y control sobre su propio aprendizaje.
capaces
de
tomar
Materiales
1 data.
Manos a la obra
5.
Puesta en comn:
a. Cada grupo expone su presentacin de la seccin de la unidad de
aprendizaje 2.
b. Al final de cada presentacin, los grupos se someten a una ronda de
preguntas de la clase.
c. Los grupos relatan cmo abordaron la actividad y los problemas que debieron
enfrentar a lo largo de sta.
4.
29
aprendizaje
3:
Maquinaria
Heavy machinery
Earthmoving and mining equipment lists equipment that has been designed primarily
to move earth and minerals in large earthmoving and mining projects. Some of this
equipment finds it place in other applications, however, and the use of bulldozers and
articulated trucks on road and highway projects are just a couple of examples.
One area of surface mining includes giant machines such as drills, electric shovels and
giant draglines, some of which have buckets that are capable of moving 160 cubic
yards of material in one scoop. Although somewhat smaller than the electric shovel or
especially the giant dragline, the mass excavator also fits here, which is basically a
large version of the excavator that is used more for mass excavation than for more
limited exaction or trenching.
Underground mining equipment is aimed at moving material in a very headroom and
space environment. You will notice similarities with some of the surface mining
equipment as well as some very specialized pieces developed specifically for the
underground mining application.
Ancillary Equipment
1. Graders
A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, a blade, a maintainer, or a
motor grader, is a machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface. Graders
are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of dirt roads and gravel
roads. In the construction of paved roads they are used to prepare the base course to
create a wide flat surface for the asphalt to be placed on. In civil engineering, the
graders purpose is to finish grade (refine, set precisely) the rough grading
performed by heavy equipment or engineering vehicles such as scrapers and
bulldozers.
Unidad de
Pesada.
30
Many wheel dozers were developed from wheel loaders by fitting a dozer blade in
place of the loader arms and bucket. This adaptation was only a success where the
machine was used for light-duty tasks.
The first large rubber-tired dozer suitable for earth-moving applications were those
produced by none other than earthmoving pioneer R.G. LeTourneau, beginning in
1947. He developed four sizes known as the Models A, B, C, and Tournadozers.
2. Wheeldozers
31
4. Excavators
Excavators are massively built to allow the use of the largest buckets in the industry
by weight class. These attachments are stoutly built for power, not reach. The
machines are specifically designed for quickly loading trucks with the fewest
passes.
3. Bulldozer
32
- Crusher
- Duct
- Water
- Smelter
- Screen
- Sprinkler
- Feeder
- Agglomeration
- Classifier
- Concentrator
- Tank
- Drainage Tube
- Conveyor
- Pulley
- Mill
- Pile
- Stacker
- Oil
- Pump
- Fan
- Filter
- Cathode
- Belt
- Nut
- Anode
- Idler
- Grease
- Pin
- Bin
- Pond
- Sampling system
- Return
- Bolt
- Stock
- Console
-Roman scale
- Motor
- Cell
- Transfer
- Chute
- Reducer
33
Para qu sirve
Esta actividad permite que los participantes refuercen la lectura comprensiva en
ingls. Que sean capaces de identificar tanto ideas principales como informacin
complementaria a partir de un texto. Otorga, adems, la oportunidad de que los
participantes consideren diversos puntos de vista en un ambiente de respeto.
Materiales
1 pizarra.
1 plumn.
Manos a la obra
1.
2.
2.
3.
34
Puesta en comn
35
Para qu sirve
Esta actividad permite que los participantes sean capaces de identificar
informacin relevante, poder reproducir esta misma con sus propias palabras y,
finalmente, sintetizar la informacin con los elementos bsicos del ingls. Adems,
da la oportunidad que cada participante aporte ideas, aprecie y respete las de
otros como parte del compromiso de trabajar en equipo.
Materiales
Noticia (Anexo N 7)
1 pizarra.
1 plumn.
Manos a la obra
1.
2.
3.
Actividad 7: News.
36
a. Cada grupo relatan las ideas principales del texto y exponen las preguntas
que formularon.
b. El instructor rene en la pizarra las ideas y preguntas de los grupos.
c. Los grupos relatan cmo abordaron la actividad.
Puesta en comn:
37
Evaluacin sumativa
Para qu sirve
Permite valorar tu aprendizaje y conocimientos respecto de la produccin minera
y asignar una calificacin o nota.
Manos a la obra
1.
2.
3.
38
Referencias
1)
2)
3)
GeoVirtual: www.geovirtual.cl
4)
5)
II.
39
Fecha
Proceso
Autores
Solange Corts Iriarte
Licenciada en Ciencias de la Educacin
23/05/2014
Elaboracin
Y Profesora de Ingls
Diplomado en Traduccin, Mencin
Minera
Universidad Catlica del Norte
Sebastin Caldern R.
Ingeniero Ejecucin en Metalurgia
Extractiva
Diplomado en Gestin en Educacin
Superior
24/05/2014
Revisin
Jefe de Proyectos
Centro Tecnolgico Minero S.A.
Jescica Pschel O.
Diseadora Instruccional
Yuri Tobar B.
24/05/2014
Aprobacin
Ingeniero en Minas
Gerente de Operaciones
Centro Tecnolgico Minero S.A.
26/05/2014
Formalizacin y/o
publicacin
III. Crditos
40
The series of transformations starts with the rock in the earths crust.
2.
Most ore contains unnecessary minerals that are removed in the mineral
process.
3.
4.
The first phase of the process involves reducing the size of the mineral.
5.
6.
7.
After the extraction phase, the metals still contain impurities, so they must
be purified.
8.
Copper has many unique and beneficial properties in the world today.
9.
The production and use of copper are also important parts of our
economy.
10.
considerable
benefits
over
traditional
IV. Anexos
41
Classify the Subjects, Verbs and Complements from the sentences above.
42
Lista de ejercicios 1
Which answer is correct when you estimate by rounding off to the nearest ten?
1.
A. 80
2.
B. 40
C. 50
D. 30
C. 120 D. 100
A. 70
5.
D. 110
A. 110 B. 125
4.
C. 90
A. 90
3.
B. 100
B. 60
C. 64
D. 80
A. 110 B. 15
C. 20
D. 30
43
A. 106 B. 70
7.
D. 110
A. 50
8.
C. 80
B. 60
C. 40
D. 0
A. 108 B. 70
C. 90
D. 100
Lista de ejercicios 2
Which answer is correct when you estimate by rounding off to the nearest
thousand?
1.
A. 3,000
2.
C. 2,500
D. 500
A. 3,000
3.
B. 4,000
B. 8,000
C. 4,000
D. 2,000
6.
44
A. 3,000
B. 8,000
C. 9,000
D. 10,000
A. 9,000
5.
B. 11,000
C. 2,000
D. 3,000
B. 9,000
C. 8,000
D. 10,000
A. 5,000
8.
D. 3,000
A. 7,000
7.
C. 8,000
A. 1,000
6.
B. 6,000
B. 6,000
C. 7,000
D. 1,000
A. 11,000
B. 10,000
C. 8,000
D. 9,000
4.
45
Set de imgenes
46
47
48
49
50
Material extracted from the earth is thoroughly processed in the mining process.
Mining products used on a daily basis, such as metals, are the end result of a long
series of transformations.The series of transformations starts with the rock in the
earths crust. Various minerals are formed in the earths crust as the result of
different deposits and compound combinations. These mineral deposits are called
ore. Most ore contains unnecessary minerals that are removed in the mineral
process. The type of mining process used depends on the type of mineral being
processed. Minerals are usually categorized as rock materials, industrial minerals
(e.g. clay), base metals (e.g. copper) and precious metals (e.g. gold). Other
materials used by industry, such as coal, potash, iron ore and diamonds, are also
mined.
The process varies slightly depending on the type of ore that is being mined.
Sulfide ores are first put through a jaw or gyratory crusher to reduce the
rocks to about 7 - 8 inches. This material is then fed to a secondary grinder
that further reduces the size to about 1 - 2 inches. The next step is to feed
the crushed ore into a wet grinding process in tumbling mills. These mills
contain the ore, water and steel balls and further reduce the particles to
the optimum size for the flotation process which follows. About 80% of
copper from ore is generated using flotation, smelting and refining.
Oxide ores are generally just crushed prior to further processing since leaching
does not require the same small particle size as floatation.
51
Sulfide ores are mixed with water and special chemicals creating a slurry. The slurry,
when agitated causes the copper sulfide minerals to float at which point they are
skimmed off the surface and eventually dried. The dried material called concentrate is
then sent to the smelter.
Oxide ores (and certain sulfide ores) are placed onto a leach pad and saturated with
weak acid solutions that dissolve the copper mineral content. The resulting copperbearing solution is collected and pumped to a solvent extraction plant.
Sulfide Ore: The dried copper concentrates are sent to the smelting operation where it
is reduced and melted in several operations. At the end of this melting process the
copper is about 99% pure. While this may sound high, it is still not pure enough for
electrical applications, so further processing is required.
52
Seccin 6: Refining
Sulfide Ores: After smelting, the 99% copper rich material is poured into molds as
"anodes" using a casting wheel and transported to the plating house. In this form,
they are ready for the next step, which involves dissolving and re-plating the
copper to increase its purity level.
Oxide Ores: The copper-bearing solution, from the solvent extraction operations, is
plated into pure copper cathodes using a process called electrowinning. Stainless
steel blanks are added to the plating tanks to act as cathodes and copper is plated
onto them by electro-chemical deposition. It takes about a week before the cathode
is ready to be removed from the tank so the copper can be stripped off the blank. The
cathodes are now 99.99% pure copper and ready to be made into wire, tube or any
number of useful products.
The anodes of 99% pure copper are sent to the electrolytic refinery for purification into
very pure copper cathodes. They are immersed into a tank of electrolyte. The
electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and copper sulfate. The copper
dissolves off the anode and is plated on the stainless steel, while all impurities remain in
the electrolyte. After 7 - 14 days, the transfer to the cathode is complete and it is
removed from the tank. The copper is stripped from the stainless steel sheet, washed
and shipped to customers. It is now ready to be made into products we all recognize.
Oxide Ore: The copper-bearing solution is collected and pumped to the extraction
plant where it is purified. It progresses through a number of steps that combine an
organic solvent or sulfuric acid to the solution until the copper concentration is high
enough for effective electro-plating.
53
Cuestionario
1.
2.
3.
How many cubic yards of material can the buckets of some machines
move?
4.
5.
6.
A. Graders
B. Wheeldozers
C. Bulldozers
D. Excavators
54
Technological development has led to the use of advanced machinery that offers
considerable benefits over traditional mechanical equipment. Availability of
options such as leasing of construction equipment to drive cost effectiveness is
also expected to fuel market growth over the forecast period. Safety and security
issues such as mishandling of equipment need to be handled in order to prevent
heavy losses. Since heavy construction equipment emits harmful gases such as
nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide, meeting stringent fuel emission standards set by
regulatory authorities is a challenge for industry participants.
55