ORACLE - Dictionary View Ref

ORACLE7 DBA
Quick Reference Guide
ORACLE7 DBA

There is no knowledge that is not power.
--Ralph Waldo Emerson
Version 7.3.4.0.0 - Production
Table of Contents
Oracle7 Server Architecture ............................................................3
Storage Architecture Pyramid .........................................................6
Storage Architecture Pyramid Related Views & Tables..............6
Data Dictionary Views Descriptions..............................................7
Dynamic Performance Tables Descriptions................................13
INIT.ORA Parameters & Description...........................................16
Oracle SQL Reserved Words ........................................................20
Oracle SQL Keywords....................................................................21
PL/SQL Engine Architecture .........................................................23
PL/SQL Definitions.........................................................................23
PL/SQL Reserved Words...............................................................24
DBMS Packages, Procedures & Arguments ..............................26
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ORACLE7 DBA
Thanks to the following people for comments, suggestions and support:

Dave Bridges
Ric Van Dyke
Scott Gossett
Al Haensgen
Scott Heisey
Dave Hunt
Steve Jackson
Sue Jang
Monty Orme
Sandra Schrick
Gareth Sullivan
Mark Sullivan
Victoria Whitlock
Notice: This quick reference guide is meant to assist you, the DBA, in your every
day duties. There is no implied or written warranty on the use of this information.
The author/publisher does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or
completeness of any information contained herein. With your use of this
information, you agree not to hold the author/publisher responsible for the use
of any information provided, errors, omissions or the results obtained from use of
such information.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find
any problems in the documentation, please report them to the author/publisher.
Send comments to:

Michael Erwin
3 Steiner Blvd
Barboursville WV 25504
email: merwin@us.oracle.com
The author/publisher does not warrant that this document is errorfree.
Oracle, Oracle7, Server Manager, Oracle Parallel Server, PL/SQL, SQL*Net, and
SQL*Plus are registered Trademarks of Oracle Corporation.
All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only,
and may be trademarks of their respective owners.
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ORACLE7 DBA
Oracle7 Server Architecture

System Global Area
SMON
PMON
Shared Pool
Library
Cache
Database Buffer Cache
Redo Log Buffer
Data
Dictionary
Cache
Pnnnn
RECO
Snnnn
SNPnn
Shared SQL Area
Dnnnn
LCKn
INSTANCE
DBWR
CKPT
LGWR
ARCH
DATABASE
SERVER
DATA
PGA
USER
INDEX
TEMP
USER
Parameter Password
File
File
INIT.ORA orapwSID
Datafiles
ROLLBACK
SYSTEM
Control
Files
Redo
Logs
Redo
Logs
Group 1
Group 2
Archived
Logs
Alert
File
Trace
Files
Item(s)
Alert File
Description
Error messages that occur while the Oracle instance is running
will be written to an alert file. DDL operations are also written
to the alert file, such as STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, ARCHIVE
LOG and RECOVER. Also non-default initialization parameters
are written at the time of instance startup into the alert file.
ARCH
Archives REDO log files at a log file switch. Can archive log
files to tape or to disk.
Archived Logs Created when database is in ARCHIVELOG mode. The ARCH
process archives the redo log file, once LGWR has finished
writing to the redo log file.
CKPT
Optionally started to update the System Change Number in the
data files and the control files.
Control Files
Records the physical structure and status of the database and
is needed to mount and open the database.
Datafiles
Contain all the database data. Logical structures, such as
tables and indexes are physically stored in datafiles.
Data Dictionary The data dictionary consists of a set of base tables and a
associated set of views that are used as a read-only reference
to provide information about the associated database.
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Dnnn
Dispatcher processes help minimize the needed resources

when using multithreaded server.
DATABASE
Contains all the datafiles, redo log files, and control files.
Database Buffer Cache
The database buffer cache holds copies of data blocks read
from datafiles. All users concurrently connected to the system
share access to the database buffer cache.
DBWR
Writes changed (dirty) blocks back to the data files.
INIT.ORA
Parameter file, which is read at startup. Used to size the SGA
and locate the control files when starting up an Oracle
Instance.
INSTANCE
Consists of the SGA and the background processes.
LCKn
Performs inter instance locking in a parallel server system
LGWR
Writes the contents of Redo log buffer to the Redo log files.
Library Cache
Contains shared PL/SQL blocks or procedures in the shared
pool.
orapw<SID>
External password file for authentication of SYSDBA the
SYSOPER role members. This file must be named orapw<SID>
and be located in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs. The <SID> would
be replaced with the actual system identifier.
Parameter File
Another name for the INIT.ORA file.
Password File
Another name for orapw<SID>. Must be located in
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs.
PGA
Program Global Area, the memory that a server process uses as
for stack space and session information.
PMON
Process monitor, cleans up abnormally terminated connections,
rolls back uncommitted transactions, frees SGA resources and
releases locks held by terminated process.
Pnnn
Provides parallel queries, index creation, data loading and
parallel CREATE TABLE AS SELECT capabilities.
RECO
Resolves failures involving a distributed transaction.
Redo Log Buffer Is a circular buffer containing information about changes made
to the database. The contents are flushed to the redo log files
by the LGWR.
Redo Log Files Records all changes made to the database, used for database
recovery. By default, there is one log file, or member, per
group. The default is two groups. Additional members can be
added to each group, or multiplexed.
SERVER
Uses shared memory to process SQL statements, reads data
blocks from data files, into the database buffer cache of the
SGA. Returns the results of SQL statements to the user
process.
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SGA
Shared Pool
System Global Area is a group of three shared memory

constructs, the shared pool, database buffer cache and the
redo log buffer.
Is the area in the SGA that contains memory constructs such
as the data dictionary cache, library cache and shared SQL
area.
Shared SQL Area
SMON
SNPn
Snnn
Trace Files
USER
The location in the shared pool, that the server processes

stores parsed SQL statements and the associated execution
plan.
Performs automatic instance recovery, reclaims temporary
segment space & coalesces contiguous areas of free space in
datafiles.
Performs automatic refreshes of snapshots (read-only
replicated tables) It is also responsible for the server job
queues and replication queues
Shared server process, that is used for systems lacking
resource to run dedicated server processes per each user.
When internal errors are detected by a server or a background
process, they dump information to trace files located in the
directory defined by either BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST or
USER_DUMP_DEST.
The user process is the users application program. It passes
SQL to the server process and receives the results.
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Storage Architecture Pyramid
DATA
BASE
TABLE SPACES
DATA FILES
SEGMENTS
EXTENTS
DB BLOCKS
Storage Architecture Pyramid Related Views & Tables
Data Base:
Table Spaces:
Data Files:
Segments:
Extents:
DB Blocks:
GLOBAL_NAME, V$DATABASE, V$PARAMETER

DBA_TABLESPACES, V$TABLE_SPACES
DBA_DATA_FILES, V$DATAFILE, V$DBFILE
DBA_SEGMENTS, DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS
FET$, UET$, DBA_EXTENTS, DBA_FREE_SPACE
DBA_FREE_SPACE, V$PARAMETER
The above is a partial list of the available views & tables that relate to the
various areas of the architecture pyramid.
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Data Dictionary Views Descriptions

The Data Dictionary contains information about database objects, users and
events. You can access this information through the following views of the data
dictionary.
ACCESSIBLE_COLUMNS
ALL_ARGUMENTS
ALL_CATALOG
Synonym for ALL_TAB_COLUMNS

Arguments in object accessible to the user
All tables, views, synonyms, sequences accessible to the
user
ALL_CLUSTERS
Description of clusters accessible to the user
ALL_CLUSTER_HASH_EXPRESSIONS
Hash functions for all accessible clusters
ALL_COL_COMMENTS
Comments on columns of accessible tables and views
ALL_COL_GRANTS
Synonym for COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
ALL_COL_GRANTS_MADE
Grants on columns for which the user is owner or grantor
ALL_COL_GRANTS_RECD
Grants on columns for which the user or PUBLIC is the
grantee
ALL_COL_PRIVS
Grants on columns for which the user is the grantor,
grantee, owner, or an enabled role or PUBLIC is the
grantee
ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE
Grants on columns for which the user is owner or grantor
ALL_COL_PRIVS_RECD
Grants on columns for which the user, PUBLIC or
enabled role is the grantee
ALL_CONSTRAINTS
Constraint definitions on accessible tables
ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
Information about accessible columns in constraint
definitions
ALL_DB_LINKS
Database links accessible to the user
ALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTS
Auditing options for newly created objects
ALL_DEPENDENCIES
Dependencies to and from objects accessible to the user
ALL_ERRORS
Current errors on stored objects that user is allowed to
create
ALL_HISTOGRAMS
Histograms on columns of all tables visible to user
ALL_INDEXES
Descriptions of indexes on tables accessible to the user
ALL_IND_COLUMNS
COLUMNs comprising INDEXes on accessible TABLES
ALL_JOBS
Synonym for USER_JOBS
ALL_OBJECTS
Objects accessible to the user
ALL_REFRESH
All the refresh groups that the user can touch
ALL_REFRESH_CHILDREN
All the objects in refresh groups, wh ere the user can
touch the group
ALL_SEQUENCES
Description of SEQUENCEs accessible to the user
ALL_SNAPSHOTS
Snapshots the user can look at
ALL_SOURCE
Current source on stored objects that user is allowed to
create
ALL_SYNONYMS
All synonyms accessible to the user
ALL_TABLES
Description of tables accessible to the user
ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
Columns of user's tables, views and clusters
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
Comments on tables and views accessible to the user
ALL_TAB_GRANTS_MADE
User's grants and grants on user's objects
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ALL_TAB_GRANTS_RECD
ALL_TAB_PRIVS
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_MADE
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_RECD
ALL_TRIGGERS
ALL_TRIGGER_COLS
ALL_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS
ALL_USERS
ALL_VIEWS
ALL_TAB_GRANTS
AUDIT_ACTIONS
CAT
CLU
COLS
COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
DBA_2PC_NEIGHBORS
DBA_2PC_PENDING
DBA_ANALYZE_OBJECTS
DBA_AUDIT_CONNECT
DBA_AUDIT_DBA
DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS
Grants on objects for which the user or PUBLIC is the

grantee
Grants on objects for which the user is the grantor,
grantee
User's grants and grants on user's objects
Grants on objects for which the user, PUBLIC or enabled
role is the grantee
Triggers accessible to the current user
Column usage in user's triggers or in triggers on user's
tables
Description of all updatable columns
Information about all users of the database
Text of views accessible to the user
Synonym for TABLE_PRIVILEGES
Description table for audit trail action type codes. Maps
action type numbers to action type names
Synonym for USER_CATALOG
Synonym for USER_CLUSTERS
Synonym for USER_TAB_COLUMNS
Grants on columns for which the user is the grantor,
grantee
Information about incoming and outgoing connections
for pending transactions
Information about distributed transactions awaiting
recovery
Synonym for USER_AUDIT_CONNECT

Audit trail entries created by AUDIT DBA
Lists audit trail entries produced by AUDIT NOT
EXISTS and AUDIT EXISTS
DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
Audit trail records for statements concerning objects,
specifically: table, cluster, view, index, sequence, [public]
database link, [public] synonym, procedure, trigger,
rollback segment, tablespace, role, user
DBA_AUDIT_RESOURCE
Synonym for USER_AUDIT_RESOURCE
DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
All audit trail records concerning CONNECT and
DISCONNECT
DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT
Audit trail records concerning grant, revoke, audit,
noaudit and alter system
DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
All audit trail entries
DBA_CATALOG
All database Tables, Views, Synonyms, Sequences
DBA_CLUSTERS
Description of all clusters in the database
DBA_CLUSTER_HASH_EXPRESSIONS
Hash functions for all clusters
DBA_CLU_COLUMNS
Mapping of table columns to cluster columns
DBA_COL_COMMENTS
Comments on columns of all tables and views
DBA_COL_GRANTS
All grants on columns in the database
DBA_COL_PRIVS
All grants on columns in the database
DBA_CONSTRAINTS
Constraint definitions on all tables
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DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
DBA_CROSS_REFS
DBA_DATA_FILES
DBA_DB_LINKS
DBA_DEPENDENCIES
DBA_ERRORS
DBA_EXP_FILES
DBA_EXP_OBJECTS
DBA_EXP_VERSION
DBA_EXTENTS
DBA_FREE_SPACE
DBA_FREE_SPACE_COALESCED

definitions
Cross reference of all views and synonyms
Information about database files
All database links in the database
Dependencies to and from objects
Current errors on all stored objects in the database
Descriptio n of export files
Objects that have been incrementally exported
Version number of the last export session
Extents comprising all segments in the database
Free extents in all tablespaces
Statistics on coalesced space in tablespaces

DBA_FREE_SPACE_COALESCED_TMP1
Coalesced free extents for all tablespaces
DBA_FREE_SPACE_COALESCED_TMP2
Free extents in tablespaces
DBA_HISTOGRAMS
Histograms on columns of all tables
DBA_INDEXES
Description for all indexes in the database
DBA_IND_COLUMNS
COLUMNs comprising INDEXes on all TABLEs and
CLUSTERs
DBA_JOBS
All jobs in the database
DBA_JOBS_RUNNING
All jobs in the database which are currently running, join
v$lock and job$
DBA_OBJECTS
All objects in the database
DBA_OBJECT_SIZE
Sizes, in bytes, of various pl/sql objects
DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
Auditing options for all tables and views
DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS
Describes current system privileges being audited across
the system and by user
DBA_PROFILES
Display all profiles and their limits
DBA_RCHILD
All the children in any refresh group. This view is not a
join.
DBA_REFRESH
All the refresh groups
DBA_REFRESH_CHILDREN
All the objects in refresh groups
DBA_RGROUP
All refresh groups. This view is not a join.
DBA_ROLES
All Roles which exist in the database
DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
Roles granted to users and roles
DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS
Description of rollback segm ents
DBA_SEGMENTS
Storage allocated for all database segments
DBA_SEQUENCES
Description of all SEQUENCEs in the database
DBA_SNAPSHOTS
All snapshots in the database
DBA_SNAPSHOT_LOGS
All snapshot logs in the database
DBA_SOURCE
Source of all stored objects in the database
DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS
Describes current system auditing options across the
system and by user
DBA_SYNONYMS
All synonyms in the database
DBA_SYS_PRIVS
System privileges granted to users and roles
DBA_TABLES
Description of all tables in the database
DBA_TABLESPACES
Description of all tablespaces
DBA_TAB_AUDIT_OPTS
Auditing options for all tables and views
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DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
DBA_TAB_GRANTS
DBA_TAB_PRIVS
DBA_TRIGGERS
DBA_TRIGGER_COLS
DBA_TS_QUOTAS
DBA_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS
DBA_USERS
DBA_VIEWS
DICT
DICTIONARY
DICT_COLUMNS

Comments on all tables and views in the database
All grants on objects in the database
All grants on objects in the database
All triggers in the database
Column usage in all triggers
Tablespace quotas for all users
Description of dba updatable columns
Information about all users of the database
Text of all views in the database
Synonym for DICTIONARY
Description of data dictionary tables and views
Description of columns in data dictionary tables and
views
DUAL
Dummy table with 1 column of 1 row containing X
FET$
Free extents table
GLOBAL_NAME
Global database name
IND
Synonym for USER_INDEXES
INDEX_HISTOGRAM
Statistics on keys with repeat count
INDEX_STATS
Statistics on the b-tree
NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS Permanent NLS parameters of the database
NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS NLS parameters of the instance
NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS
NLS parameters of the user session
OBJ
Synonym for USER_OBJECTS
RESOURCE_COST
Cost for each resource
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
Roles which are granted to roles
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
System privileges granted to roles
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
Table privileges granted to roles
SESSION_PRIVS
Privileges which the user currently has set
SESSION_ROLES
Roles which the user currently has enabled.
SEQ
Synonym for USER_SEQUENCES
SM$VERSION
Synonym for SM_$VERSION
SYN
Synonym for USER_SYNONYMS
TABLE_PRIVILEGES
Grants on objects for which the user is the grantor,
grantee
TABS
Synonym for USER_TABLES
UET$
Used extents table
USER_ARGUMENTS
Arguments in object accessible to the user
USER_AUDIT_CONNECT
Audit trail entries for user logons/logoffs
USER_AUDIT_OBJECT
Audit trail records for statements concerning objects,
specifically: table, cluster, view, index, sequence, [public]
database link, [public] synonym, procedure, trigger,
rollback segment, tablespace, role, user
USER_AUDIT_SESSION
All audit trail records concerning CONNECT and
DISCONNECT
USER_AUDIT_STATEMENT
Audit trail records concerning grant, revoke, audit,
noaudit and alter system
USER_AUDIT_TRAIL
Audit trail entries relevant to the user
USER_CATALOG
Tables, Views, Synonyms and Sequences owned by the
user
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USER_CLUSTERS
Descriptions of user's own clusters
USER_CLUSTER_HASH_EXPRESSIONS
Hash functions for the user's hash clusters
USER_CLU_COLUMNS
Mapping of table columns to cluster columns
USER_COL_COMMENTS
Comments on columns of user's tables and views
USER_COL_GRANTS
Grants on columns for which the user is the owner,
grantor or grantee
USER_COL_GRANTS_MADE
All grants on columns of objects owned by the user
USER_COL_GRANTS_RECD
Grants on columns for which the user is the grantee
USER_COL_PRIVS
Grants on columns for which the user is the owner,
grantor or grantee
USER_COL_PRIVS_MADE
All grants on columns of objects owned by the user
USER_COL_PRIVS_RECD
Grants on columns for which the user is the grantee
USER_CONSTRAINTS
Constraint definitions on user's own tables
USER_CONS_COLUMNS
definitions
USER_CROSS_REFS
Cross references for user's views and synonyms
USER_DB_LINKS
Database links owned by the user
USER_DEPENDENCIES
Dependencies to and from a users objects
USER_ERRORS
Current errors on stored objects owned by the user
USER_EXTENTS
Extents comprising segments owned by the user
USER_FREE_SPACE
Free extents in tablespaces accessible to the user
USER_HISTOGRAMS
Histograms on columns of user's tables
USER_INDEXES
Description of the user's own indexes
USER_IND_COLUMNS
COLUMNs comprising user's INDEXes or on user's
TABLES
USER_JOBS
All jobs owned by this user
USER_OBJECTS
Objects owned by the user
USER_OBJECT_SIZE
Sizes, in bytes, of various pl/sql objects
USER_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
Auditing options for user's own tables and views
USER_REFRESH
All the refresh groups
USER_REFRESH_CHILDREN
All the objects in refresh groups, where the user owns the
refresh group
USER_RESOURCE_LIMITS
Display resource limit of the user
USER_ROLE_PRIVS
Roles granted to current user
USER_SEGMENTS
Storage allocated for all database segments
USER_SEQUENCES
Description of the user's own SEQUENCEs
USER_SNAPSHOTS
Snapshots the user can look at
USER_SNAPSHOT_LOGS
All snapshot logs owned by the user
USER_SOURCE
Source of stored objects accessible to the user
USER_SYNONYMS
The user's private synonyms
USER_SYS_PRIVS
System privileges granted to current user
USER_TABLES
Description of the user's own tables
USER_TABLESPACES
Description of accessible tablespaces
USER_TAB_AUDIT_OPTS
Auditing options for user's own tables and views
USER_TAB_COLUMNS
USER_TAB_COMMENTS
Comments on the tables and views owned by the user
USER_TAB_GRANTS
Grants on objects for which the user is the owner,
grantor or grantee
USER_TAB_GRANTS_MADE
All grants on objects owned by the user
USER_TAB_GRANTS_RECD
Grants on objects for which the user is the grantee
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ORACLE7 DBA
USER_TAB_PRIVS
Grants on objects for which the user is the owner,

grantor or grantee
USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE
All grants on objects owned by the user
USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD
Grants on objects for which the user is the grantee
USER_TRIGGERS
Triggers owned by the user
USER_TRIGGER_COLS
Column usage in user's triggers
USER_TS_QUOTAS
Tablespace quotas for the user
USER_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS Description of updatable columns
USER_USERS
Information about the current user
USER_VIEWS
Text of views owned by the user
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ORACLE7 DBA
Dynamic Performance Tables Descriptions

(a.k.a. V$ views)
The Dynamic Performance tables contain information about the database,
database objects, users, configuration , options and events. You can access this
information through the following views.
V$ACCESS
V$ACTIVE_INSTANCES
V$ARCHIVE
V$BACKUP
V$BGPROCESS
V$CIRCUIT
V$COMPATIBILITY
V$COMPATSEG
V$CONTROLFILE
V$DATABASE
V$DATAFILE
V$DBFILE
V$DBLINK
V$DB_OBJECT_CACHE
V$DB_PIPES
V$DISPATCHER
V$ENABLEDPRIVS
V$EVENT_NAME
V$EXECUTION
V$FILESTAT
V$FIXED_TABLE
V$FIXED_VIEW_DEFINITION
V$INDEXED_FIXED_COLUMN
V$INSTANCE
V$LATCH
V$LATCHHOLDER
V$LATCHNAME
V$LATCH_CHILDREN
V$LATCH_MISSES
V$LATCH_PARENT
V$LIBRARYCACHE
V$LICENSE
V$LOADCSTAT
V$LOADTSTAT
V$LOCK
Describes the owners of tables

Maps instance names to instance numbers for all
instances that have the database currently mounted
Information on archive logs
Backup status of online data files
Describes the background processes
Information on virtual circuits
Shows features in use by the database instance that may
prevent downgrading to a previous release
Lists the permanent features in use by the database that
will prevent moving back to an earlier release
Information on the control file
Database information from the control file
Data file information from the control file
Information about each database file in the database
Information on distributed database links
Show objects cached in the library cache
Shows the pipes that are currently in this database
Information on the dispatcher processes
Information about enabled privileges
Contains information about wait events
Synonym for V_$EXECUTION
Information about file read/write statistics
Information on V$ tables
Information of the V$ view definitions
Shows the columns in dynamic performance tables (X$
tables) that are indexed
State of the current instance
Informat ion about type of latch
Information about each latch holder
The decoded latch names for the latches shown in the
table V$LATCH
Contains statistics about child latches
Contains statistics about missed attempts to acquire a
latch
Contains statistics about the parent latch. The columns
of V$LATCH_PARENT are identical to those in
V$LATCH
Statistics on library cache management
Information on license limits
SQL*Loader direct load statistics
SQL*Loader direct load statistics
Information about locks and resources
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V$LOCKED_OBJECT
V$LOG
V$LOGFILE
V$LOGHIST
V$LOG_HISTORY
V$MLS_PARAMETERS
V$MTS
V$MYSTAT
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$NLS_VALID_VALUES
V$OBJECT_DEPENDENCY
V$OPEN_CURSOR
V$OPTION
V$PARAMETER
V$PQ_SESSTAT
V$PQ_SLAVE
V$PQ_SYSSTAT
V$PQ_TQSTAT
V$PROCESS
V$PWFILE_USERS
V$QUEUE
V$RECOVER_FILE
V$RECOVERY_FILE_STATUS
V$RECOVERY_LOG
V$RECOVERY_STATUS
V$REQDIST
V$RESOURCE
V$ROLLNAME
V$ROLLSTAT
V$ROWCACHE
V$SESSION
V$SESSION_CONNECT_INFO
V$SESSION_CURSOR_CACHE
V$SESSION_EVENT
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SESSTAT
V$SESS_IO
V$SGA
V$SGASTAT
V$SHARED_POOL_RESERVED
V$SHARED_SERVER
V$SORT_SEGMENT
V$SQL
V$SQLAREA
V$SQLTEXT
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Lists all locks acquired by every transaction on the

system
Log information from the control file
Information about redo logs
Log history information from the control file
Archived log names
Lists Trusted Oracle7 Serverspecific initialization
parameters
Information on Multi-Threaded Server
This view contains statistics on the current session
Current values of NLS parameters
Information on the valid values of NLS
Used to determine what objects are depended on by a
package, procedure, or cursor that is currently loaded in
the shared pool
Cursors that each session has open and parsed
Information on installed options
Information about current parameter values
Parallel Query session statistics
Statistics for each of the active parallel query servers on
an instance
Parallel Query system statistics
Statistics on parallel query operations
Information about currently active processes
Informat ion from the external password file
Information on multi-thread message queues
Status of files needed for media recovery
Information on media recovery of files
Archived logs needed for media recovery
Status on media recovery
Histogram of lock request times
Information about resources
Names of rollback segments
Rollback segment statistics
Statistics for data dictionary activity
Session information for each current session
Information about network connections for the current
session
Information on cursor usage for the current session
Shows the total waits for a particular session
Wait status of active sessions
For each current session, the current statistics values
User session I/O statistics
Information about the System Global Area
Detailed statistics on the SGA
Information on SHARED_POOL_RESERVED
Information on shared server processes
Information on TEMPORARY sort segments
Information on SQL statements
Statistics on the shared cursor cache
Full text of cached SQL statements
ORACLE7 DBA
V$SQLTEXT_WITH_NEWLINES Identical to the V$SQLTEXT view except that, to

improve legibility, does not replace newlines and tabs in
the SQL statement with spaces
V$SQL_BIND_DATA
Synonym for V_$SQL_BIND_DATA
V$SQL_BIND_METADATA
Synonym for V_$SQL_BIND_METADATA
V$SQL_CURSOR
Synonym for V_$SQL_CURSOR
V$SQL_SHARED_MEMORY
Synonym for V_$SQL_SHARED_MEMORY
V$STATNAME
Decoded statistic names for the statistics shown in the
tables V$SESSTAT and V$SYSSTAT
V$SYSSTAT
Current system-wide values for each statistics in the table
V$SESSTAT
V$SYSTEM_CURSOR_CACHE
Displays similar information to the
V$SESSION_CURSOR_CACHE view except that this
information is system wide
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
Information on each active system event
V$SYSTEM_PARAMETER
Information on system parameters
V$THREAD
Thread information from the control file
V$TIMER
Current time in hundredths of seconds
V$TRANSACTION
Information about transactions
V$TYPE_SIZE
Sizes of database components
V$VERSION
Version numbers of core library components
V$WAITSTAT
Block contention statistics
Page 15
ORACLE7 DBA
INIT.ORA Parameters & Description

Parameter
Description
always_anti_join
audit_trail
background_dump_dest
bitmap_merge_area_size
blank_trimming
cache_size_threshold
Always use this anti-join when possible

Enable system auditing
Detached process dump directory
Maximum memory allow for BITMAP MERGE
Blank trimming semantics parameter
Maximum size of table or piece to be cached (in
blocks)
Create a separate checkpoint process
# of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
Close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
Bias this node has toward not preparing in a twophase commit
Database will be completely compatible with this
software version
Database will be compatible unless crash or media
recovery is no
Control file names list
Number of cpu's for this instance
Size of create bitmap buffer for bitmap index
Use more memory in order to get faster execution
Number of database blocks cached in memory
Max number of blocks to checkpoint in a DB
Writer IO
Store checksum in db blocks and check during reads
Maintain buffer cache LRU statistics for last
N blocks discarded
Number of lru latches
Maintain buffer cache LRU hits-by-position
statistics (slow)
Size of database block in bytes
Directory part of global database name stored with
CREATE DATABASE
DB block to be read each IO
Max simultaneous (overlaped) writes per db file
Datafile name convert pattern and string for
standby database
Max allowable # db files
Database name specified in CREATE DATABASE
Enforce password for distributed login always be
encrypted
Turn on delayed-logging block cleanouts feature
Enable OLTP mode
Number of seconds a distributed transaction waits
for a lock
istributed_recovery_connection_hold_time number
of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
Max. number of concurrent distributed transactions
checkpoint_process
cleanup_rollback_entries
close_cached_open_cursors
commit _point_strength
compatible
compatible_no_recovery
control_files
cpu_count
create_bitmap_area_size
cursor_space_for_time
db_block_buffers
db_block_checkpoint_batch
db_block_checksum
db_block_lru_extended_statistics
db_block_lru_latches
db_block_lru_statistics
db_block_size
db_domain
db_file_multiblock_read_count
db_file_simultaneous_writes
db_file_standby_name_convert
db_files
db_name
dblink_encrypt_login
delayed_logging_block_cleanouts
discrete_transactions_enabled
distributed_lock_timeout
distributed_transactions
Page 16
ORACLE7 DBA
dml_locks
enqueue_resources
event
fixed_date
gc_db_locks
gc_files_to_locks
gc_freelist_groups
gc_lck_procs
gc_releasable_locks
gc_rollback_locks
gc_rollback_segments
gc_save_rollback_locks
gc_segments
gc_tablespaces
global_names
hash_area_size
hash_join_enabled
hash_multiblock_io_count
ifile
instance_number
job_queue_interval
job_queue_keep_connections
job_queue_processes
license_max_sessions
license_max_users
license_sessions_warning
log_archive_buffer_size
log_archive_buffers
log_archive_dest
log_archive_format
log_archive_start
log_block_checksum
log_buffer
log_checkpoint_interval
log_checkpoint_timeout
log_checkpoints_to_alert
log_file_standby_name_convert
log_files
log_simultaneous_copies
log_small_entry_max_size
DML locks - one for each table modified in a

transaction
Resources for enqueues
Debug event control - default null string
Fixed SYSDATE value
# DB locks (DFS)
Mapping between file numbers and hash buckets
Number freelist groups locks in (DFS)
Number of background parallel server lock
processes to start
Number releasable DB locks (DFS)
Number Undo locks in (DFS)
Number Undo Segments
Number Save Undo locks in (DFS)
Number Segment headers
Number tablespaces
Enforce that database links have same name as
remote database
Size of in-memory hash work area
Enable/disable hash join
Number of blocks hash join will read/write at once
Include file in init.ora
Instance number
Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue processes
Keep network connections between execution of
jobs
Number of job queue processes to start
Maximum number of non-system user sessions
allowed
Maximum number of named users that can be
created in the database
Warning level for number of non-system user
sessions
Size of each archival buffer in log file blocks
Number of buffers to allocate for archiving
Archival destination text string
Archival destination format
Start archival process on SGA initialization
Calculate checksum for redo blocks when writing
Redo circular buffer size
Number redo blocks checkpoint threshold
Maximum time interval between checkpoints in
seconds
Log checkpoint begin/end to alert file
Log file name convert pattern and string for
standby database
Max allowable number of log files
Number of simultaneous copies into redo buffer
(Number of copy latches)
Redo entries larger than this will acquire the redo
copy latch
Page 17
ORACLE7 DBA
max_commit_propagation_delay
max_dump_file_size
max_enabled_roles
max_rollback_segments
max_transaction_branches
mts_dispatchers
mts_listener_address
mts_max_dispatchers
mts_max_servers
mts_multiple_listeners
mts_servers
mts_service
nls_currency
nls_date_format
nls_date_language
nls_iso_currency
nls_language
nls_numeric_characters
nls_sort
nls_territory
open_cursors
open_links
optimizer_mode
optimizer_percent_parallel
oracle_trace_collection_name
oracle_trace_collection_path
oracle_trace_collection_size
oracle_trace_enable
oracle_trace_facility_name
oracle_trace_facility_path
os_authent_prefix
os_roles
parallel_default_max_instances
parallel_max_servers
parallel_min_percent
parallel_min_servers
parallel_server_idle_time
partition_view_enabled
pre_page_sga
processes
recovery_parallelism
remote_dependencies_mode
remote_login_passwordfile
remote_os_authent
remote_os_roles
resource_limit
Page 18
Max age of new snapshot in .01 seconds

Maximum size (blocks) of dump file
Max number of roles a user can have enabled
Max number of rollback segments in SGA cache
Max number of branches per distributed transaction
Specifications of dispatchers
Address(es) of network listener
Max number of dispatchers
Max number of servers
Are multiple listeners enabled?
Number of servers to start up
Service supported by dispatchers
NLS local currency symbol
NLS Oracle date format
NLS date language name
NLS ISO currency territory name
NLS language name
NLS numeric characters
NLS linguistic definition name
NLS territory name
Max number cursors per process
Max number open links per process
Optimizer mode
Optimizer percent parallel
Oracle TRACE default collection name
Oracle TRACE collection path
Oracle TRACE collection file max. size
Oracle TRACE instance wide enable/disable
Oracle TRACE default facility name
Oracle TRACE facility path
Prefix for auto-logon accounts
Retrieve roles from the operating system
Default maximum number of instances for parallel
query
Maximum parallel query servers per instance
Minimum percent of threads required for parallel
query
Minimum parallel query servers per instance
Idle time before parallel query server dies
Enable/disable partitioned views
Pre-page sga for process
User processes
Number of server processes to use for parallel
recovery
Remote-procedure-call dependencies mode
parameter
Password file usage parameter
Allow non-secure remote clients to use auto-logon
accounts
Allow non-secure remote clients to use os roles
Master switch for resource limit
ORACLE7 DBA
rollback_segments
row_cache_cursors
row_locking
sequence_cache_entries
sequence_cache_hash_buckets
serializable
session_cached_cursors
sessions
shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc
shared_pool_reserved_size
shared_pool_size
snapshot_refresh_interval
snapshot_refresh_keep_connections
snapshot_refresh_processes
sort _area_retained_size
sort _area_size
sort _direct_writes
sort _read_fac
sort _spacemap_size
sort _write_buffer_size
sort _write_buffers
sql92_security
sql_trace
temporary_table_locks
text_enable
thread
timed_statistics
transactions
transactions_per_rollback_segment
user_dump_dest
utl_file_dir
Undo segment list

Number of cached cursors for row cache
management
Row-locking
Number of sequence cache entries
Number of sequence cache hash buckets
Serializable
Number of cursors to save in the session cursor
cache
User and system sessions
Minimum allocation size in bytes for reserved area
of shared pool
Size in bytes of reserved area of shared pool
Size in bytes of shared pool
Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue processes
Keep network connections between execution of
jobs
Number of job queue processes to start
Size of in-memory sort work area retained between
fetch calls
Size of in-memory sort work area
Use direct write
Multi-block read factor for sort
Size of sort disk area space map
Size of each sort direct write buffer
Number of sort direct write buffers
Require select privilege for searched update/delete
Enable SQL trace
Temporary table locks
Enable text searching
Redo thread to mount
Maintain internal timing statistics
Max number of concurrent active transactions
Number of active transactions per rollback segment
User process dump directory
utl_file accessible directories list
Page 19
ORACLE7 DBA
Oracle SQL Reserved Words

Oracle server objects can not be named with words in the following reserved
word list. Additional words may be placed on this list, depending on installed
products, for example PL/SQL. The PL/SQL additional reserved words list is
included in this reference guide. Words followed by an asterisk (*) are also
ANSI reserved words.
ACCESS
ADD
ALL*
ALTER
AND*
ANY*
AS*
ASC*
AUDIT
BETWEEN*
BY*
CHAR*
CHECK*
CLUSTER
COLUMN
COMMENT
COMPRESS
CONNECT
CREATE*
CURRENT*
DATE
DECIMAL
DEFAULT*
DELETE*
DESC*
DISTINCT*
DROP
ELSE
EXCLUSIVE
EXISTS*
FILE
FLOAT*
FOR*
FROM*
GRANT*
GROUP*
HAVING*
Page 20
IDENTIFIED
IMMEDIATE
IN*
INCREMENT
INDEX
INITIAL
INSERT*
INTEGER*
INTERSECT
INTO*
IS*
LEVEL
LIKE*
LOCK
LONG
MAXEXTENTS
MINUS
MODE
MODIFY
NOAUDIT
NOCOMPRESS
NOT*
NOWAIT
NULL*
NUMBER
OF*
OFFLINE
ON*
ONLINE
OPTION*
OR*
ORDER*
PCTFREE
PRIOR
PRIVILEGES*
PUBLIC*
RAW
RENAME
RESOURCE
REVOKE
ROW
ROWID
ROWLABEL
ROWNUM
ROWS
SELECT*
SESSION
SET*
SHARE
SIZE
SMALLINT*
START
SUCCESSFUL
SYNONYM
SYSDATE
TABLE*
THEN
TO*
TRIGGER
UID
UNION*
UNIQUE*
UPDATE*
USER*
VALIDATE
VALUES*
VARCHAR
VARCHAR2
VIEW*
WHENEVER
WHERE*
WITH*
ORACLE7 DBA
Oracle SQL Keywords

The Oracle SQL language contains other keywords that have special meanings.
Because these keywords are not reserved, you can also use them as names for
objects and object parts. However, using them as names may make your SQL
statements more difficult for you to read and should be avoided. Keywords
marked with asterisks (*) are also ANSI reserved words. For maximum
portability to other implementations of SQL, do not use the following words as
object names.
ADMIN
AFTER
ALLOCATE
ANALYZE
ARCHIVE
ARCHIVELOG
AUTHORIZATION*
AVG*
BACKUP
BEGIN*
BECOME
BEFORE
BLOCK
BODY
CACHE
CANCEL
CASCADE
CHANGE
CHARACTER*
CHECKPOINT
CLOSE*
COBOL*
COMMIT*
COMPILE
CONSTRAINT
CONSTRAINTS
CONTENTS
CONTINUE*
CONTROLFILE
COUNT*
CURSOR*
CYCLE
DATABASE
DATAFILE
DBA
DEC*
DECLARE*
DISABLE
DISMOUNT
DOUBLE*
DUMP
EACH
ENABLE
END*
ESCAPE*
EVENTS
EXCEPT
EXCEPTIONS
EXEC*
EXPLAIN
EXECUTE
EXTENT
EXTERNALLY
FETCH*
FLUSH
FREELIST
FREELISTS
FORCE
FOREIGN*
FORTRAN*
FOUND*
FUNCTION
GO*
GOTO*
GROUPS
INCLUDING
INDICATOR*
INITRANS
INSTANCE
INT*
KEY*
LANGUAGE*
LAYER
LINK
LISTS
LOGFILE
MANAGE
MANUAL
MAX*
MAXDATAFILES
MAXINISTANCES
MAXLOGFILES
MAXLOGHISTORY
MAXLOGMEMBERS
MAXTRANS
MAXVALUE
MIN*
MINEXTENTS
MINVALUE
MODULE*
MOUNT
NEXT
NEW
NOARCHIVELOG
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE
NOMAXVALUE
NOMINVALUE
NONE
NOORDER
NORESETLOGS
NORMAL
NOSORT
NUMERIC*
OFF
OLD
ONLY
OPTIMAL
OPEN*
OWN
PACKAGE
PARALLEL
PASCAL*
PCTINCREASE
PCTUSED
PLAN
PLI*
Page 21
ORACLE7 DBA
PRECISION*
PRIMARY*
PRIVATE
PROCEDURE*
PROFILE
QUOTA
READ
REAL*
RECOVER
REFERENCES*
REFERENCING
RESETLOGS
RESTRICTED
REUSE
ROLE
ROLES
ROLLBACK*
SAVEPOINT
Page 22
SCHEMA*
SCN
SECTION*
SEGMENT
SEQUENCE
SHARED
SNAPSHOT
SOME*
SORT
SQLCODE*
SQLERROR*
STATEMENT_ID
STATISTICS
STOP
STORAGE
SUM*
SWITCH
SYSTEM
TABLES
TABLESPACE
TEMPORARY
THREAD
TIME
TRACING
TRANSACTION
TRIGGERS
TRUNCATE
UNDER
UNLIMITED
UNTIL
USE
USING
WHEN
WRITE
WORK*
ORACLE7 DBA
PL/SQL Engine Architecture
Client Side
Designer/2000
Developer/2000
Discoverer/200
Procedure Builder
Server Side
PL/SQL
Engine
SQL Commands
SQL
Engine
SQL Commands
PL/SQL Block Execution
Stored PL/SQL Call
PL/SQL Engine
PL/SQL Definitions
PL/SQL
Block
Trigger
Function
Package
Procedure
A block structured language. That is, the basic units

(procedures, functions, and anonymous blocks) that
make up a PL/SQL program are logical blocks, which
can contain any number of nested subblocks. A
PL/SQL block has three parts: a declarative part, an
executable part, and an exception handling part.
A block (or subblock) is a group of logically related
declarations and statements. The declarations are
local to the block and cease to exist when the block
completes.
PL/SQL block that is associated with a database table
or an application event and is fired automatically
when a condition is met.
Named PL/SQL block that can accept parameters and
returns at least one, possibly more than one, value
back to the calling environment.
A bundle of related PL/SQL programming constructs
into a package. The packaged constructs might
include a collection of procedures or a pool of type
definitions and variable declarations. Once written,
the package is compiled, then stored in an Oracle
database, where, like a library unit, its contents can be
shared by many applications.
A named PL/SQL block that can accept parameters
and may return some value to the calling environment.
It can be invoked repeatedly.
Page 23
ORACLE7 DBA
PL/SQL Reserved Words

The words listed below are reserved by PL/SQL; that is, they have a special
syntactic meaning to PL/SQL. So, you should not use them to name program
objects such as constants, variables, or cursors. Also, some of these words
,marked by an asterisk(*) are reserved by SQL. So, you should not use them to
name database objects such as columns, tables, or indexes.
ABORT
ACCEPT
ACCESS*
ADD*
ALL*
ALTER*
AND*
ANY*
ARRAY
ARRAYLEN
AS*
ASC*
ASSERT
ASSIGN
AT
AUDIT*
AUTHORIZATION
AVG
BASE_TABLE
BEGIN
BETWEEN*
BINARY_INTEGER
BODY
BOOLEAN
BY*
CASE
CHAR*
CHAR_BASE
CHECK*
CLOSE
CLUSTER*
CLUSTERS
COLAUTH
COLUMN*
COMMENT*
COMMIT
COMPRESS*
CONNECT*
CONSTANT
CRASH
CREATE*
CURRENT*
Page 24
CURRVAL
CURSOR
DATABASE
DATA_BASE
DATE*
DBA
DEBUGOFF
DEBUGON
DECLARE
DECIMAL*
DEFAULT*
DEFINITION
DELAY
DELETE*
DELTA
DESC*
DIGITS
DISPOSE
DISTINCT*
DO
DROP*
ELSE*
ELSIF
END
ENTRY
EXCEPTION
EXCEPTION_INIT
EXCLUSIVE*
EXISTS*
EXIT
FALSE
FETCH
FILE*
FLOAT*
FOR*
FORM
FROM*
FUNCTION
GENERIC
GOTO
GRANT*
GROUP*
HAVING*
IDENTIFIED*
IF
IMMEDIATE*
IN*
INCREMENT*
INDEX*
INDEXES
INDICATOR
INITIAL*
INSERT*
INTEGER*
INTERFACE
INTERSECT*
INTO*
IS*
LEVEL*
LIKE*
LIMITED
LOCK*
LONG*
LOOP
MAX
MAXEXTENTS*
MIN
MINUS*
MLSLABEL
MOD
MODE*
MODIFY*
NATURAL
NATURALN
NEW
NEXTVAL
NOAUDIT*
NOCOMPRESS*
NOT*
NOWAIT*
NULL*
NUMBER*
NUMBER_BASE
OF*
ORACLE7 DBA
OFFLINE*
ON*
ONLINE*
OPEN
OPTION*
OR*
ORDER*
OTHERS
OUT
PACKAGE
PARTITION
PCTFREE*
PLS_INTEGER
POSITIVE
POSITIVEN
PRAGMA
PRIOR*
PRIVATE
PRIVILEGES*
PROCEDURE
PUBLIC*
RAISE
RANGE
RAW*
REAL
RECORD
REF
RELEASE
REMR
RENAME*
RESOURCE*
RETURN
REVERSE
REVOKE*
ROLLBACK
ROW*
ROWID*
ROWLABEL*
ROWNUM*
ROWS*
ROWTYPE
RUN
SAVEPOINT
SCHEMA
SELECT*
SEPARATE
SESSION*
SET*
SHARE*
SIZE*
SMALLINT*
SPACE
SQL
SQLCODE
SQLERRM
START*
STATEMENT
STDDEV
SUBTYPE
SUCCESSFUL*
SUM
SYNONYM*
SYSDATE*
TABAUTH
TABLE*
TABLES
TASK
TERMINATE
THEN*
TO*
TRIGGER*
TRUE
TYPE
UID*
UNION*
UNIQUE*
UPDATE*
USE
USER*
VALIDATE*
VALUES*
VARCHAR*
VARCHAR2*
VARIANCE
VIEW*
VIEWS
WHEN
WHENEVER*
WHERE*
WHILE
WITH*
WORK
WRITE
XOR
Page 25
ORACLE7 DBA
DBMS Packages, Procedures & Arguments

The following is a list of packages, provided by Oracle, that a DBA will find
helpful. The name of the SQL script that creates each package is also listed. A
description is also provided and arguments that each procedure can handle.
Additional information can be found in the SQL scripts that create these
packages. Remember to run the SQL scripts as SYS.
DBMS_ALERT
Created with:
dbmsalrt.sql
Routines to wait-for, and signal, a named event. The waiting session will block in the
database until the event occurs, or until a timeout expires. The implementation avoids
polling except when running in parallel server mode.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
set_defaults
sensitivity
in
number
register
name
in
varchar2
remove
name
in
varchar2
removeall
waitany
name
out
varchar2
message
out
varchar2
status
out
integer
timeout
in
number
waitone
name
in
varchar2
message
out
varchar2
status
out
integer
timeout
in
number
signal
name
in
varchar2
message
in
varchar2
DBMS_APPLICATION
Created with:
dbmsutil.sql
Provides a mechanism for registering the name of the application module that is currently
running with the RDBMS. Registering the name of the module allows DBAs to monitor how
the system is being used, performance analysis and resource auditing by module. Registered
module names will appear in V$SESSION and V$SQLAREA.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
set_module
module_name
in
varchar2
action_name
in
varchar2
set_action
action_name
in
varchar2
read_module
module_name
out
varchar2
action_name
out
varchar2
set_client_info
client_info
in
varchar2
read_client_info
client_info
out
varchar2
DBMS_DDL
Created with:
dbmsutil.sql
Provides access to some SQL DDL statements from other stored procedures.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
alter_compile
type
in
varchar2
Page 26
ORACLE7 DBA
analyze_object
schema
name
type
schema
name
method
estimate_rows
estimate_percent
method_opt
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
number
number
varchar2
DBMS_DESCRIBE
Created with:
dbmsdesc.sql
Given a stored procedure, returns a description of the arguments required to call that
procedure.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
describe_procedures
object_name
in
varchar2
reserved1
in
varchar2
reserved2
in
varchar2
overload
out
number_table
position
out
number_table
level
out
number_table
argument_name
out
varchar2_table
datatype
out
number_table
default_value
out
number_table
in_out
out
number_table
length
out
number_table
precision
out
number_table
scale
out
number_table
radix
out
number_table
space
out
number_table
DBMS_JOB
Created with:
dbmsjob.sql
Interface for the job queue and scheduling of procedures. The catalog view dba_jobs and
dba_jobs_running are related and created with catjobq.sql. Out of all these routines, only
dbms_job.run and dbms_ijob.run have implicit commits.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
isubmit
job
in
binary_integer
what
in
varchar2
next_date
in
date
interval
in
varchar2
no_parse
in
boolean
submit
job
out
binary_integer
what
in
varchar2
next_date
in
date
interval
in
varchar2
no_parse
in
boolean
remove
job
in
binary_integer
change
job
in
binary_integer
what
in
varchar2
next_date
in
date
Page 27
ORACLE7 DBA
what
next_date
interval
broken
run
user_export
check_privs
interval
no_parse
job
what
job
next_date
job
interval
job
broken
next_date
job
job
mycall
job
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in/out
in
varchar2
boolean
binary_integer
varchar2
binary_integer
date
binary_integer
varchar2
binary_integer
boolean
date
binary_integer
binary_integer
varchar2
binary_integer
DBMS_LOCK
Created with:
dbmslock.sql
These routines allow the user to request, convert and release locks. The locks are managed by
the rdbms lock management services. All lock ids are prepended with the 'UL' prefix so that
they cannot conflict with DBMS locks. These locks will show up in the OEM lock monitor
screen and in the appropriate fixed views.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
Return
allocate_unique
lock_name
in
varchar2
lock_handle
out
varchar2
expiration_sec
in
integer
request (function)
id
in
integer
integer
lockmode
in
integer
timeout
in
integer
release_on_commit in
boolean
convert (function)
id
in
integer
integer
lockmode
in
integer
timeout
in
integer
release_on_commit in
boolean
release (function)
id
in
integer
integer
sleep
seconds
in
number
DBMS_MAIL
Created with:
dbmsmail.sql
This package is an interface to the Oracle*Mail product. You can send an Oracle*Mail
message by calling the 'send' procedure. The mail will be sent when the transaction is
committed. This procedure can be called from a trigger. This package will work with
Version 1.1 of Oracle*Mail.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
send
from_str
in
varchar2
to_str
in
varchar2
cc
in
varchar2
bcc
in
varchar2
subject
in
varchar2
reply_to
in
varchar2
body
in
varchar2
Page 28
ORACLE7 DBA
DBMS_OUTPUT
Created with:
dbmsotpt.sql
These procedures accumulate information in a buffer (via "put" and "put_line") so that it can
be retrieved out later (via "get_line" or "get_lines"). If this package is disabled then all calls
to this package are simply ignored. This way, these routines are only active when the client is
one that is able to deal with the information. This is good for debugging, or SP's that want
to want to display messages or reports to sql*dba or sql*plus (like 'describing procedures',
etc.). The default buffer size is 20000 bytes. The minimum is 2000 and the maximum is
1,000,000.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
enable
buffer_size
in
integer
disable
put
in
number
put
in
varchar2
put
in
date
put_line
in
number
put_line
in
varchar2
put_line
in
date
new_line
get_line
line
out
varchar2
status
out
integer
get_lines
lines
out
varchar2_table
numlines
in/out
integer
DBMS_PIPE
Created with:
dbmspipe.sql
Allow sessions to pass information between them through named SGA memory "pipes".
This package provides a DBMS "pipe" service which allows messages to be sent between
sessions. Pipes operate independently of transactions. They also operate asynchronously.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
Return
pack_message
item
in
varchar2
pack_message
item
in
number
pack_message
item
in
date
pack_message_raw
item
in
raw
pack_message_rowid
item
in
rowid
unpack_message
item
in
varchar2
unpack_message
item
in
number
unpack_message
item
in
date
unpack_message_raw
item
in
raw
unpack_message_rowid item
in
rowid
next_item_type (function)
integer
create_pipe (function)
pipename
in
varchar2
integer
maxpipesize
in
integer
private
in
boolean
remove_pipe (function) pipename
in
varchar2
integer
send_message (function) pipename
in
varchar2
integer
timeout
in
integer
maxpipesize
in
integer
receive_message (function)
pipename
in
varchar2
integer
Page 29
ORACLE7 DBA
timeout
reset_buffer
purge
pipename
unique_session_name (function)
in
integer
in
varchar2
varchar2
DBMS_SHARED_POOL
Created with:
dbmspool.sql
This package allows you to display the sizes of objects in the shared pool, and mark them for
keeping or unkeeping in order to reduce memory fragmentation. This package provides
access to the shared pool. This is the shared memory area where cursors and PL/SQL objects
are stored.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
sizes
minsize
in
number
keep
name
in
varchar2
flag
in
char
unkeep
name
in
varchar2
flag
in
char
aborted_request_threshold
threshold_size
in
number
DBMS_SPACE
Created with:
dbmsutil.sql
Provides segment space information not available through the standard views.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
unused_space
segment_owner
in
varchar2
segment_name
in
varchar2
segment_type
in
varchar2
total_blocks
out
number
total_bytes
out
number
unused_blocks
out
number
unused_bytes
out
number
last_used_extent_file_id out
number
last_used_extent_block_id out
number
last_used_block
out
number
free_blocks
segment_owner
in
varchar2
segment_name
in
varchar2
segment_type
in
varchar2
freelist_group_id
in
number
free_blks
out
number
scan_limit
in
number
DBMS_SYSTEM
Created with:
dbmsutil.sql
Provides a few system level utilities. It is only accessible to user SYS, by default. You can
control access to these routines only by granting execute to privileged users.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
set_ev
si
in
binary_integer
se
in
binary_integer
ev
in
binary_integer
le
in
binary_integer
Page 30
ORACLE7 DBA
nm
iev
oev
dist_txn_sync
inst_num
set_sql_trace_in_session sid
serial#
sql_trace
read_ev
in
in
out
in
in
in
in
varchar2
binary_integer
binary_integer
number
number
number
boolean
DBMS_TRANSACTION
Created with:
dbmsutil.sql
Provides access to SQL transaction statements from stored procedures. It also provides
functions for monitoring transaction activities.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
Return
advise_rollback
advise_nothing
advise_commit
commit _comment
cmnt
in
varchar2
commit _force
xid
in
varchar2
scn
in
varchar2
commit
savepoint
savept
in
varchar2
read_only
read_write
rollback
rollback_savepoint
savept
in
varchar2
rollback_force
xid
in
varchar2
begin_discrete_transaction
purge_mixed
xid
in
varchar2
purge_lost_db_entry
xid
in
varchar2
local_transaction_id (function)
create_transaction
in
boolean
varchar2
step_id (function)
number
use_rollback_segment
rb_name
in
varchar2
DBMS_UTILITY
Created with:
dbmsutil.sql
Provides various utility routines,such as analyzing the database or the schema. Please look
into the SQL script used to create this package for more information.
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
Return
compile_schema
schema
in
varchar2
analyze_schema
schema
in
varchar2
method
in
varchar2
estimate_rows
in
number
estimate_percent in
number
method_opt
in
varchar2
analyze_database
method
in
varchar2
estimate_rows
in
number
estimate_percent in
number
method_opt
in
varchar2
format _error_stack (function)
varchar2
format _call_stack (function)
varchar2
Page 31
ORACLE7 DBA
is_parallel_server (function)
get_time (function)
name_resolve
name
context
schema
part1
part2
dblink
part1_type
part2_type
object_number
name_tokenize
name
a
b
c
dblink
nextpos
comma_to_table
list
tablen
tab
table_comma_table
tab
tablen
list
port _string (function)
make_data_block_address (function)
file
block
data_block_address_file (function)
dba
data_block_address_block (function)
dba
get_hash_value (function)
name
base
hash_size
boolean
number
in
in
out
out
out
out
out
out
out
in
out
out
out
out
out
in
out
out
in
out
out
varchar2
number
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
number
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
varchar2
binary_integer
varchar2
binary_integer
uncl_array
uncl_array
binary_integer
varchar2
varchar2
in
in
number
number
number
in
number
number
in
number
number
in
in
in
varchar2
number
number
number
UTL_HTTP
Created with:
utlhttp.sql
The stored package UTL_HTTP makes HTTP (hyper-text transfer protocol) callouts from
PL/SQL and SQL. You can use it to access data on the internet, or to call Oracle Web Server
Cartridges. The package contains two similar entrypoints, each of which takes a string URL
(universal resource locator), contacts that site, and returns the data (typically HTML - hypertext markup language) obtained from that site..
Procedure
Argument(s)
In/Out
Datatype
Return
purge_mixed
xid
in
varchar2
request (function)
url
in
varchar2
varchar2
request_pieces (function) url
in
varchar2
html_pieces
max_pieces
in
natural
Page 32
ORACLE7 DBA
Notes
UNIX Quick Reference
The following is a simple reference to several commands available in UNIX. The
following is not a complete list of the command set of UNIX and some command,
if used improperly could render your system unusable.
File Manipulation
Action
append to a file
combine two files
copy files
create a file
create a file
list file contents
list file contents
list file contents
list file contents - last lines
list file contents - last 50 lines
move a file
remove a file - erase
print file - System V
print file - BSD
print file
cat
cat
cp
cat
touch
cat
pg
more
tail
tail
mv
rm
lp
lpr
pr
Command
Example
cat thisfile >> tothisone
cat thisfile1 thisfile2 > tothisone
cp thisfile tothisone
cat > newfile
touch newfile
cat thisfile
pg thisfile
more thisfile
tail thisfile
tail -s 50 thisfile
mv thisfile /usr/home/tohere
rm junkfile
lp thisfile
lpr thisfile
pr thisfile
Directory Navigation & Manipulation

Action
change directories
change directories - up 1 level
change directories - jump home
create a directory
path location
remove a directory
directory listing - simple
directory listing - long
directory listing - all/long
cd
cd
cd
mkdir
pwd
rmdir
ls
ls
ls
Command
Example
cd /usr/home/merwin
cd ..
cd
mkdir /usr/home/merwin/newdir
pwd
rmdir /usr/home/merwin/junkdir
ls
ls -l
ls -la
passwd
ps
ps
ps
chmod
chown
who
who
Command
passwd
ps
ps -e
ps -fu username
see below
see below
who
who am i
Miscellaneous
Action
change user password
list processes - owner
list processes - everyone
list processes - username
change access privileges
change ownership
who else is logged on
who owns this session
Example
Page 33
ORACLE7 DBA
Change Access Modes - chmod

There are several combinations of options available with chmod.
chmod XXX filename or chmod XXX /usr/home/directoryname
Position of X effects:
X00 - owner privileges
0X0 - group privileges
00X - world or other privileges
The value of X can be:
0 - no privileges
1 - execute
2 - write
3 - write/execute
4 - read
5 - read/execute
6 - read/write
7 - read/write/execute
Action
read/write - owner,group
chmod
read/write/execute - owner,group
read - owner, group, world
chmod
execute - owner, group
chmod
Command
Example
chmod 660 filename
chmod chmod 770 filename
chmod 444 filename
chmod 110 filename
Change Ownership - chown

There are several combinations of options available with chown.
chown owner.group filename or chown user.group directoryname
Substitute owner.group with the name of a owner and/or a group that exists on the system.
Action
set owner=merwin - file
chown
set owner=oracle.dba - file
chown
set owner=oracle.dba - file/all chown
set owner=oracle.dba - directory chown
Page 34
Command
Example
chown merwin thisfile
chown oracle.dba controlfile3.ctl
chown oracle.dba *
chown oracle.dba /oracle_home
ORACLE7 DBA
VI Quick Reference
The following is provided to help you with VI, a text editor available for
numerous operating systems. The following is not a complete list of the
command set or the macro language available in VI.
Cursor Movement
h or [BkSpc]
j or +
k or 1 or [SPACE]
$
)
(
}
{
^
w
b
e
nG
Character Left
Line Down
Line UP
One Character Right
Go to End Of Line
Next Sentence
Previous Sentence
Next Paragraph
Previous Paragraph
Start Of Line
Next Word
Previous Word
End of Word
Go to Line n
Changing Text
r
R
cw
cc
C
Line
Change Character
Replace Mode
Change Word
Change Line
Change to End Of
Deleting Text
dw
dd
D
Line
u
x
X
Backspace
Delete Word
Delete Line
Delete to End Of
Undo Last Delete
Delete Character
Destructive
Inserting Text
a
A
i
I
Line
o
Below
O
Above
[ESC]
Insert After Cursor

Append To EOL
Insert Before Cursor
Insert At Start Of
Open New Line
Open New Line
Terminate Insert
Screen Control
[CTRL] [d]
[CTRL] [u]
[CTRL] [f]
[CTRL] [b]
[CTRL] [l]
Half Screen Down

Half Screen Up
Full Screen Down
Full Screen Up
Redraw Screen
Searching Text
/pattern[CR]
/[CR]
?pattern[CR]
?[CR]
Search Forwards
Repeat Search
Search Backwards
Repeat Search
Saving / Exiting
:wq or ZZ
:q!
:w filename
Save & Exit

Quite, No Save
Save Text as filename
Page 35
ORACLE7 DBA
ORACLE7 DBA

Addendum
There is no knowledge that is not power.
--Ralph Waldo Emerson
Version 7.3.3.0.0 - Production
Table of Contents
Backup and Recovery Considerations........................................ 38
Backup Checklist - Cold or Offline............................................... 39
Backup Checklist - Hot or Online................................................. 39
Performance Tuning Considerations........................................... 40
Performance Tuning Steps............................................................ 41
Performance Tuning Related Views ............................................. 42
DBA Daily Task List...................................................................... 43
Documentation Recommendations.............................................. 45
Page 36
ORACLE7 DBA
Thanks to the following people for comments, suggestions and support:

Dave Bridges
Ric Van Dyke
Scott Gossett
Al Haensgen
Scott Heisey
Dave Hunt
Steve Jackson
Sue Jang
Monty Orme
Sandra Schrick
Gareth Sullivan
Mark Sullivan
Victoria Whitlock
Notice: This quick reference guide is meant to assist you, the DBA, in your every
day duties. There is no implied or written warranty on the use of this information.
The author/publisher does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or
completeness of any information contained herein. With your use of this
information, you agree not to hold the author/publisher responsible for the use
of any information provided, errors, omissions or the results obtained from use of
such information.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find
any problems in the documentation, please report them to the author/publisher.
Send comments to:

Michael Erwin
3290 Big Beaver Road - Suite 300
Troy MI 48084
email: merwin@us.oracle.com
The author/publisher does not warrant that this document is errorfree.
Oracle, Oracle5, Oracle6, Oracle7, Server Manager, Oracle Parallel Server, PL/SQL,
SQL*Net, PRO*C, PRO*Cobol and SQL*Plus are registered Trademarks of
Oracle Corporation.
All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only,
and may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Page 37
ORACLE7 DBA
Backup and Recovery Considerations

The following is a discussion of some of the considerations you need to think
about, document and discuss when backing up your database.
When choosing or developing a backup strategy, consider the following:

Business requirements
Activity level on the database
Nature of the data
Frequency of changes in the database structure
Cost of down time
Implications of running a 24 hours operation
Determine the criticality of the data in the business.
How will your business be affected in the event of a major disaster?
Earthquake, flood, fire, machine theft or tampering
Anticipate a variety of failures
Key personnel leaving, like you, the DBA
Do you have a plan for periodically testing your strategy?
Consider Oracle Parallel Server (OPS) or database replication.
Document issues, concerns and reasoning of the decisions.
Discuss these issues with your management. Making sure that management
understand all of the implications of the decisions being made.
Revisit these decisions periodically.
Page 38
ORACLE7 DBA
Backup Checklist - Cold or Offline

A cold or offline backup is one that the Oracle7 database has been shutdown,
either NORMAL or IMMEDIATE, and all of the following items are backed up
to some device or another area of disk. The following is a list of items that need
to be backed up. Listed beside each area is either the name of default location
of the file, or a view that you can perform a query on that will show you the
names and the path location of the related files.
Item(s)
Datafiles
Redo logs
Control files
Parameter files
Password file
Files or Views
V$DATAFILE
V$LOGFILE
V$CONTROLFILE
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init<SID>.ora
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwd<SID>
Backup Checklist - Hot or Online

A hot or online backup is one that the Oracle7 database has NOT been
shutdown, and all of the following items are backed up to some device. The
following is a list of items that need to be backed up and listed beside each
area is a method of backing up the related items.
Item(s)
Datafiles
Redo logs
Control files
Parameter files
Password file
Method of Backup
Online Database Backup
Operated in ARCHIVELOG Mode
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP
CONTROLFILE TO /somepath/control.bak
Copy INIT.ORA to a backup area or device
Copy $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw<SID>
to a backup area or device
Page 39
ORACLE7 DBA
Performance Tuning Considerations

The following is a general discussion of some of the system goals and tuning
issue considerations you need to think about, document and discuss with
management. when performance tuning your database.
Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
System Goals:
System availability
Speed
Concurrency
Recoverability
Tuning Issues:
Rollback Segments
Sensible use of indexes
Index Clusters and Hash Clusters
Data Block Size
Dynamic allocation of extents to tables
Dynamic allocation and deallocation of extents to rollback segments
Multi-Threaded Server
Shared Pool
Tuned SQL statements
Integrity constraints
Properly tiered system architecture
PL/SQL procedures, packages and functions
Datawarehousing or Decission Support Systems (DSS)
System Goals:
Speed
Data accuracy
System availability
Tuning Issues:
Indexes (B*tree and bitmap)
Index Clusters and Hash Clusters
Data Block Size
Parallel Query
Optimizer usage
Using hints in queries
Shared Pool
Tuned SQL statements
PL/SQL functions in SQL statements
Page 40
ORACLE7 DBA
Performance Tuning Steps

The following is a prioritized list of performance tuning steps for a Oracle
database. The list is sorted by the order of greatest impact on the performance.
So start with the first step and work through the steps. Keep in mind that tuning
is an ongoing effort. Once you reach the last step, you should re-evaluate the
previous step, and possible work through all of the steps again.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Tune the Business Rules

Tune the Data Design
Tune the Application Design
Tune the Logical Structure of the Database
Tune the SQL
Tune the Access Paths
Tune Memory Allocation
Tune I/O and Physical Structure
Tune Resource Contention
Tune the Underlying Platform(s)
Page 41
ORACLE7 DBA
Performance Tuning Related Views

Database/Instance
V$DATABASE
V$INSTANCE
V$OPTION
V$PARAMETER
V$PQ_SYSSTAT
V$PROCESS
V$SESSTAT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$WAITSTAT
Database information from the control file

State of the current instance
Information on installed options
Information about current parameter values
Parallel Query system statistics
Information on each active system event
Memory
V$DB_OBJECT_CACHE
V$LIBRARYCACHE
V$SGASTAT
V$SYSSTAT
Show objects cached in the library cache

Statistics on library cache management
Detailed statistics on the SGA
Current system-wide values for each statistics in the table
V$SESSTAT
Disk
V$DATAFILE
V$DBFILE
V$FILESTAT
V$LOG
V$LOGFILE
V$LOGHIST
V$LOG_HISTORY
V$SESS_IO
Data file information from the control file

Information about each database file in the database
Information about file read/write statistics
Log information from t he control file
Information about redo logs
Log history information from the control file
Archived log names
User session I/O statistics
User/Session
V$LOCK
V$OPEN_CURSOR
V$PROCESS
V$SESSION
V$SESSION_EVENT
V$SESSION_WAIT
V$SESSTAT
V$TRANSACTION

Cursors that each session has open and parsed
Session information for each current session
Shows the total waits for a particular session
Wait status of active sessions
Information about transactions
Contention
V$LATCH
V$LOCK
V$ROLLNAME
V$ROLLSTAT
V$WAITSTAT
Page 42
Information about type of latch

Names of rollback segments
Rollback segment statistics
ORACLE7 DBA
DBA Daily Task List

The following was written as a simple daily task list for an average
installation. Your daily task list should be customized for your environment
and situation. This list is by no means complete or even satisfactory, but
provided as a good starting point.
System Hardware
Is hardware operating correctly?
If not, have you logged entries and notified appropriate personnel?
Review hardware operations log.
Has hardware been operating correctly?
Are there any relationships or coincidences of failures?
Operating System
Are you noticing any OS paging or swapping?
If so, have you notified appropriate personnel?
Verify your OS version and level?
Are there any new required patches or bug fixes?
Have there been any core dumps?
Can you remove the core dump files?
Oracle Alert File
Do the Startup Date & Times correspond with operations log?
Any deadlocks notices?
Clean out old Alert File entries as necessary.
Database Backup Recovery
Is your backup procedures working correctly?
Can you clean up unneeded archived redo log files?
Is the database in an OPEN state?
Storage Allocation
Are all needed tablespaces and datafiles online?
Log and review tablespace growth.
Are you extending to often?
Are you running out of extents?
Are your handling datafile growth?
Have rollback segments extended or wrapped?
Are you running out of Operating System file system space?
Are default and temporary tablespaces assigned correctly?
Do you have enough physical storage to handle the current needs?
Page 43
ORACLE7 DBA
Security
Review user list for any new users.
Has any new users been added?
Are default and temporary tablespaces assigned correctly?
Are the new users privileges and roles assigned appropriately?
Any new entries in external password file?
What is the status of Oracle auditing?
Review SYS.AUD$ table entries.
Notice any suspicious activities?
Cleanup SYS.AUD$ unnecessary entries.
Are you doing unnecessary auditing?
Page 44
ORACLE7 DBA
Documentation Recommendations
The following is a list of documents that you as a DBA should be maintaining,
have available or making available. You will notice a simple description of
each manual or document is included.. The level of depth of your
documentation depends on your environment and necessary business
requirements. Remember that documentation may save your career or provide
justification on an issue.
Any amount of documentation is better than no documentation. In an effort to
get you started, you may find it easier to start out with several labeled three
ring binders. Put the documents you feel that belong in each of the related
binders. Then separate the documentation in each binder into related sections,
separated by numbered tabbed separators. Then build a table of contents
based on the numbered tabbed separators.
Operation Manual
Provides an indexed base of knowledge for those that may need to work on the
system when the DBA or the System Administrator is not available. Think of this
document as the list activities that you or others may have to do, both in normal
day to day operation, and possibly emergency operational procedures.
This document should also include contact names and related information of the
various products installed. This document should also include simple procedures on
how to perform startup, shutdown, emergency shutdown procedures and how to
invoke various modes of operation.
Additionally this manual is an acceptable location for any blank forms for items
such as new user creation or user change requests forms. A list of daily task, and a
signed off log entry when each major task is completed. Possibly even a backup
and recovery log. Which can be as simple as a sign off on a backup tape switch
event. This documentation may possibly incorporate the contents of the
Hardware Documentation and Maintenance Log.
This operation manual might possibly include a sealed envelope containing both
the Super User, of the operating system, and the Oracle SYS and SYSTEM
passwords. That envelope should be clearly marked to be open only by
management in case of an emergency. Simply put, this the day to day operation
documentation in case you, the DBA and/or the System Administrator, gets hit by
a bus.
Hardware Documentation and Maintenance Log

This document should provide model numbers, hardware serial numbers,
configuration, network host names, network addresses, physical location, software
installed, with the current version number, and a description of each critical
function that each machine does. This log should contain a listing of every time
hardware is modified, upgraded or even serviced. The information should provide a
Page 45
ORACLE7 DBA
record of who, what , when and why. You may wish to include the start and finish
time of each event. This will help you with your service level agreements. This
document may be included as part of the Operation Manual.
Oracle Database Administration Manual

This manual should include everything that is in Operation Manual, however in
much greater detail. A few of the important sections that should be included in this
documentation, is recommendation, why a particular configuration was chosen,
future storage growth requirements, performance reports and the archived
performance reports.
You may even what to use this manual for archiving memos received and sent to
the other staff members. Not to mention the use of this manual as a storage
location of approved and current entity relationship diagrams, table instance
charts, security roles, user lists, the parameter file and even a current hard copy of
the output of BACKUP CONTROL FILE TO TRACE.
This manual should document system configuration issues and items such as why
things were done they way they were. Many DBA and system operators will not
document these types of items, because the documentation may possibly be used
against them later to show incompetence. However, as a professional, you should
take a proactive stance on this issue. This type of documentation can help you to
see if something is being done incorrectly.
If you are afraid of documenting a specific area, out of concern it may be used
against you, then you need to look deep within yourself as to why? Remember,
your are given, and are paid for taking the responsibility to protect the database
and the information of the corporation. You may even be held legally responsible,
that responsibility may even be a government regulated issue. If you are not willing
to protect the corporations data, and take responsibility for its protection, you
may wish to talk to your management or supervisors.
The documentation should also include the approved disaster recovery plan for
each and every system, when and who approved those disaster recovery plans.
Possibly even includes disaster recovery plan review schedule and of course your
testing methodology of those plans.
This manual is the documentation that includes everything in case of your early
demise. A simple rule of thumb here, is to document every thing you wish other
would document if you had to walk or hired into an environment without any
knowledge of the existing system.
Backup and Recovery Log

This manual should contains the time, date, contents, tape id of each completed
backup. Information should also incorporate the signature of the responsible
personnel upon backup completion.
You should also log when you or others perform any type of database recovery.
Some of the information you should log is the reason for the recovery, who
performed the function, when it was done, was it successful, what point was the
database returned to.
Page 46
ORACLE7 DBA
This log should not included the procedures for testing and verifying the validity of
your backups. This type of information should be in the Oracle Database
Administration Manual and recovery should only be performed by the DBA.
Page 47
ORACLE7 DBA
Notes
Page 48

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ORACLE7 DBA

Quick Reference Guide

Quick Reference Guide

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Oracle7 Server Architecture

Database Buffer Cache

Redo Log Buffer

Dispatcher processes help minimize the needed resources

System Global Area is a group of three shared memory

Shared SQL Area

The location in the shared pool, that the server processes

Storage Architecture Pyramid

GLOBAL_NAME, V$DATABASE, V$PARAMETER

Data Dictionary Views Descriptions

Synonym for ALL_TAB_COLUMNS

Grants on objects for which the user or PUBLIC is the

Synonym for USER_AUDIT_CONNECT

Information about accessible columns in constraint

Statistics on coalesced space in tablespaces

Columns of user's tables, views and clusters

Grants on objects for which the user is the owner,

Dynamic Performance Tables Descriptions

Describes the owners of tables

Lists all locks acquired by every transaction on the

V$SQLTEXT_WITH_NEWLINES Identical to the V$SQLTEXT view except that, to

INIT.ORA Parameters & Description

Always use this anti-join when possible

DML locks - one for each table modified in a

Max age of new snapshot in .01 seconds

Undo segment list

Oracle SQL Reserved Words

Oracle SQL Keywords

PL/SQL Engine Architecture

PL/SQL Block Execution

Stored PL/SQL Call

A block structured language. That is, the basic units

PL/SQL Reserved Words

DBMS Packages, Procedures & Arguments

Directory Navigation & Manipulation

Change Access Modes - chmod

Change Ownership - chown

Insert After Cursor

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Save & Exit

Quick Reference Guide

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Backup and Recovery Considerations

When choosing or developing a backup strategy, consider the following:

Backup Checklist - Cold or Offline

Backup Checklist - Hot or Online

Performance Tuning Considerations

Performance Tuning Steps

Tune the Business Rules

Performance Tuning Related Views

Database information from the control file

Show objects cached in the library cache

Data file information from the control file

Information about locks and resources

Information about type of latch

DBA Daily Task List

Hardware Documentation and Maintenance Log

Oracle Database Administration Manual