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Tatiana de Paula
M.Sc. em Cincias-UFRJ
Nutricionista do HUCFF-UFRJ e
HERF/SES
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Esfago
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Esfago
Fisiologia do esfago:
l
Primordialmente motora:
l
Transporte de alimentos
l
Resistncia ao refluxo
Ponto de vista fisiolgico:
l
Esfncter esofagiano superior
l
Corpo do esfago
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Esfncter esofagiano inferior
A funo de transporte do esfago requer a coordenao destes 3 eventos
fisiolgicos
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Caractersticas de todo esfncter
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Zona de presso elevada
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Separa 2 cmaras de distinta presso
l
Capaz de relaxar e contrai-se
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Mecanismos anti-refluxo
l
EEI
l ngulo esfago-gstrico
(ngulo de His)
l Musculatura diafragmtica
l Segmento do esfago
abdominal
l Ligamento freno esfagico
l Diafragma crural
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Fisiopatologia da DRGE
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Ciclo vicioso
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DRGE
Sintomas:
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Pirose
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Regurgitao
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Dor torcica
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Disfagia
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hipersalivao
Complicaes:
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Hemorragia
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Estenose
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Esfago de Barret
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Complicaes pulmonares
Diagnstico:
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Histria Clnica
l
Exame radiolgico contrastado
l
Endoscopia
l
Manometria
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pHmetria
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Manifestaes
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Esfago de Barret
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DRGE
l
Tratamento:
Medidas comportamentais
associadas a modificaes
de hbito alimentar;
Medicamentoso
cirrgico (hiatoplastia com
fundoplicatura)
l
l
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DRGE
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
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HRNIA HIATAL
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HRNIA HIATAL
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HRNIA HIATAL
Tratamento:
Sintomas da DRGE
Correo cirrgica
l
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HRNIA HIATAL
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Acalsia
uma doena neurognica, decorrente da
leso dos plexos nervosos mioentricos, que
leva a um distrbio do peristaltismo
esofagiano e funo do EEI. O esfago
apresenta-se dilatado com sua poro
terminal estreitada e contrada. No Brasil e
em alguns pases da Amrica do Sul , a
doena uma das manifestaes da Doena
de Chagas: esofagopatia chagsica ou
megaesfago.
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Acalsia
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Acalsia
Sintomas:
l Disfagia
l Regurgitao
l Tosse
Evoluo da doena:
l Dor torcica, disfagia, regurgitaes frequentes
l Melhora dos sintomas ( e no da doena), adaptao do organismo a
passagem pelo EEI
l Anorexia, perda de peso e complicaes pulmonares
Diagnstico:
l Histria clnica
l Raio x contrastado (esofagograma)
l Endoscopia
l Manometria
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Tratamento
Dilatao forada da
crdia
Injeo de toxina botulinica
Cirrgico: Cardiomiotomia
extramucosa de Heller
Esofagectomia
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Acalsia
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Tratamento nutricional
l
l
l
l
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CNCER DE ESOFGO
Fatores de risco:
l lcool e Fumo
l Esofgo de Barret
l Acalsia
l Ingesto de substncias corrosivas
l Agentes infecciosos
l Outros
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CNCER DE ESOFGO
Sintomas:
l Disfagia progressiva
l Odinofagia e desconforto retroesternal
l Perda de peso acentuada
l medida que o carcinoma aumenta de tamanho, ocorre
regurgitao de alimentos digeridos , halitose ftida ,
sialorria, tosse aps a ingesto de lquidos
Diagnstico e estadiamento:
l Endoscopia
l Bipsia
l Raio X
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CNCER DE ESOFGO
Tratamento:
l
l
Quimio e radioterapia
Esofagectomia
Nutricional:
Prover dietas na consistncia tolerada
Observar
cuidados posturais para prevenir refluxo e
broncoaspirao
Em estgios avanados utilizar gastrostomia
Nas esofagectomias, a colocao de SNJ no ato cirrgico
permite a realimentao precoce
Monitorar rigorosamente o estado nutricional
Dar ateno ao suporte nutricional pr operatrio
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