HUNTAP As A Disaster Risk Mitigation Strategies From

Radius Of Merapi Eruption: Case Study of

Permanent Housing, Cangkringan, Sleman Yogyakarta
1

Sumaiyah Ohorella

Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta Civil Engineering Department.

Jalan Kaliurang KM 14,5, Yogyakarta-Indonesia
Sumaiyah95@ymail.com

Abstract - To emphasize the risk of disaster from Merapi eruption can be achieved
by increasing the capacity of that hazard and vulnerability to disasters can be
reduced is by relocating residents in the disaster-prone areas. This paper will show
how a capacity building process undertaken by the government to relocate people
who are still on the slopes of Merapi with temporary shelter consisting of a house
of bamboo to the Residential fixed or usually called it Huntap acronym of
Hunian Tetap or permanent housing especially Cangkringan, Sleman-Yogyakarta
and also land damage assessment analyzed.
There are 9 Huntap located in Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, where at
one Huntap there are several villages were relocated due to the eruption of Mount
Merapi. Coorporation between the governmental and REKOMPAK and the other
so it can build up the permanent house. Permanent house built for victims of the
eruption of Merapi in 2010 in Yogyakarta totaled 2,040 units. While in Magelang,
Central Java, there are 476 homes. Settlement for the people who originally lived
in disaster-prone areas is also equipped with a 312 point infrastructure built to
reduce the risk of disaster. People in Permanent house also trained and learned
about mapping evacuation routes and rallying points at any time if a disaster
happend it can be minimize.
Keywords: Permanent House, Huntap, Huntara, Merapi, Cangkringan, Shelter,
Disaster, REKOMPAK

1. Introduction
Indonesia is a country that is prone to geological disasters as earthquakes,
landslides, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. Special region of Yogyakarta is very
famous for volcanoes that are still active and well known that explosive eruptions
and releasing a cloud of hot or often called wedhus gembel. But, the fact shows
that people on the slopes of Mount Merapi still tough to make a living (breeders,
farmers) even still live in the area with the radius of the volcano which is still to
be reached in case of an eruption or even a volcanic ash eruption. Slopes south
side are in the administrative district of Sleman, Yogyakarta, and the rest are in
the region of Central Java province, namely Magelang district on the west side,
Boyolali district in the north and east, and Klaten district on the southeast side. At
the time of the eruption in 2010, Sleman which is still the danger radius of 20 Km
from the peak of Merapi.
Yogyakarta divided into 3 Disaster Prone Region or KRB. Disaster Prone
Region III is located approximately 5-8 km from the peak of Merapi. KRB III is a

region that is close to the source of the danger that often occurs, such as a hot
cloud, lava flows, rock avalanches, rock burst (incandescent) and heavy ashfall.
As a result of the high level of vulnerability, then the area is not allowed to be
used as permanent housing. Determination had KRB III based on the history of
Merapi activity within the last 100 years. Disaster Prone Region II (located about
10 km from the peak of Merapi), comprised of two Courant, namely: a). mass
flow in the form of hot clouds, lava flows and lava; b). burst of material in the
form of drops and hurl stones (incandescent). In KRB II, people were required to
evacuate if applicable increase in volcanic activity in accordance with the advice
of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, so the area was declared back
safely. Disaster Prone Region I, is the area that potentially knocked lava / flood to
be exposed to the possibility of the expansion of hot clouds and lava flows. Lahar
is the mass flow in the form of a mixture of water and loose material of various
sizes derived from the height of the volcanic eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010
results of about 130 million m3, 30-40% of which go to Gendol river form of hot
clouds, into the other major rivers that disgorge the peak of Mount Merapi
(Bappenas & BNPB, 2011).
Generally, land damage classes in the study area as seen as the gradation
which is the higher altitude the higher level of land damage, and the lower
elevation the lower level of land damage. It is mainly influenced by the physical
conditions,notably the slope and the distance from the caldera. Therefore, based
on the spatial pattern, it can be stated that the most determining factor on postdisaster land damage is the slope. The total areas of Each Land Damage show in
the following Table 1.
Table 1. Total Areas of Each Land Damage Categories

Exactly on October 20th, 2010 has devastating and paralyzing all the
activities and lives of the people directly affected by the eruption of Mount
Merapi. As many as 2,682 houses damaged and not habitable, 156 houses were
damaged and 632 homes with minor damage (DPUP Sleman, 2013). The damage
caused by the eruption of Mount Merapi forced the government to relocate (move

the location) residential communities directly affected to a safer place so that in

future disasters can be minimized casualties. Relocation of settlements is one type
of disaster mitigation activities for disaster risk reduction. Permanent House or
Huntap is a real form of relocation settlements. Construction of houses must
involve into the technical and construction of earthquake-resistant houses
requirements.

2. The Description Of Huntap

Relocation of disaster victims Merapi in 2010 conducted in the province of
Yogyakarta and Central Java which are directly affected by the eruption of Mount
Merapi. At first the victims still live at temporary shelter, a house made of
bamboo. Approximately 1 year residing in shelters or barracks provided. Then for
three years, from 2011 through 2013, the government made a plan and managed to
build permanent house or residential fixed (huntap) for the victims who lost their
house.
In addition, some sectors complete with infrastructure that was damaged by
the disaster have also been improved. Construction of permanent housing is a
rehabilitation and reconstruction program undertaken by the government in
dealing with the eruption of Mount Merapi, which is facilitated by the
REKOMPAK (Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Society and Community-Based
Settlement). Offering help through the program in the form of grants
REKOMPAK Environment (BDL) and Home Assistance Fund. People who were
living in temporary shelters began moving to huntap in early 2013. There are
approximately 9 occupancy remained scattered in locations which are safer than
the previous location of their homes that are in the area of Cangkringan, Sleman,
Yogyakarta. The permanent house in umbulharjo (Huntap Karangkendal, and
Plosokerep), Kepuharjo (Huntap Batur and Pagerjurang), Wukirsari (Huntap
Gondang 2, 3 and Dongkelsari Gondang), Argomulyo (Huntap Kuwang and
Randusari).
Permanent house quite different from the residence before the eruption, the
distance between one house and another very close and many of them loses their
job. The occupancy often hold meetings or socializing in the event of evacuation
in case of disasters of Merapi eruption. Determination evacuation path until a
rallying point which is located in the village hall is one of the actions of the local
community in terms of the evacuation process. Even the results of interviews with
one of the residents Huntap Kuwang occupant, already set how the evacuation
process includes mobilization as well as the number of people who will be
transported to a safer place. Figure 1 below shows a layout/site map one of the
permanent house at Huntap Kuwang and the rallying point.

Figure 1 Site Map and Interviewees of Huntap Kuwangs Resident

(Source; Personal Documentation)
People lose their job from their previous place. Offering help by FAO also
included into this permanent house development. For example, having communal
cages as their new livelihood, even sand miner or some of them back to their old
place and continue their job from the beginning but with one condition that they
still live at Huntap and do not come back anymore to the old place.

3. The Methodology
Mitigation

of

Construction Huntap

As Risk

Build, Back, Better! Rehabilitation and reconstruction of post-eruption of

Merapi was prepared in line with the preparation of the Action Plan for Disaster
Management Merapi eruption being compiled by the National Disaster
Management Agency (BNPB) and Bappenas.
1. First of all we make a data about the target villages that will be included
into the rehabilitation and reconstruction process.
2. After that, stimulus grant for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of
houses:
a. Rp.30 million per house;
b. The community was given flexibility in determining house types, with
the provision that the minimum building area was 36 m2;
c. The land area for each house is 100 m2, with an additional 50 m2 per
house for public and social facilities;
d. The building construction has to meet the criteria for stipulated
earthquake resistant structures, and during implementation guidance
is provided through REKOMPAK (CSRRP) assistance.
3. Community Socialization Activity
4. Beneficiary Candidate Data Validation Process

5. Community Self-Mapping Activity

6. Field Supervision Mission as part of the monitoring activity
7. Technical Coordination meeting between CSRRP/REKOMPAK team,
communities and local government
in framework of Program
Management
To ensure the quality of its activities, REKOMPAK prepared several
operational guidelines and provided various trainings and technical assistance in
accordance with the activity stages as well as conducted controlling through a
proper strategy in order for all activities to be focussed and measurable such as
trainning for community settlement planning, trainning for community
infrastructure implementation, training for housing reconstruction (post Merapi
eruptions).

4. Conclusion
Disaster mitigation is a step that is very necessary as a starting point of a
major disaster management. Rehabilitation of affected areas is indeed easy, but
cannot minimize the disaster victims of Merapi. So that, relocating to permanent
housing is the best option. With the construction of permanent housing is not
expected to take heavy casualties in case of disaster back. The writer knew that,
the rest people who still exist in their old place or still around of slopes of Mount
Merapi thought about their livelihood for survive, but they have to think back
about their safety first from risk of disaster. We only live once.

5. Reference
1. Abdurachman, E.K., J.-L. Bourdier, B. Voight (2000) Nues ardentes of
22 November 1994 at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia, Journal.of
Volcanologi.and Geothermal. Research., special issue Merapi volcano,
100:1-4, 345-361, 2000.
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Merapi
3. http://rekompakciptakarya.org/download/files/Factsheet/Factsheet%20Heri
tage%20Rehabilitation%20Reconstruction%20REKOMPAK.pdf
4. http://www.scribd.com/doc/192210196/Renaksi-RR-Erupsi-Merapi-DraftFinal-040411-Lowres#scribd
5. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=download&sub=Download
File&act=view&typ=html&id=64764&ftyp=potongan&potongan=diplom
a-2013-303283-chapter1.pdf