INDEX

backflushing, 132-134
backwashing, 155
bed regeneration, 148-149
belt filters, 96-98, 297
belt filter presses, 212
beverage industry wastes, 254-258
biological activity, 147

coke media, 42
colloidal clays, 50
colloids, 15
compressible cakes, 63
compression-permeabilitycell, 74
concentrate disposal, 183-184
cocurrent filters, 91
connectivity, 5
constant pressure drop filtration, 7581
constant pressure filtration, 66
constant rate filtration, 57, 70-72,
83-86
contaminated groundwater, 171-172
corrosion resistance, 16
cotton cloth chemical resistance, 2223
cotton cloth filters, 22-23
cross flow filtration, 170, 181, 195
cross mode filters, 98-103
crushed stone media, 43
cyclones, 227

cake filtration, 59-70

cake filtration dynamics, 60-70
cake formation, 11, 17, 62
cake permeability, 50
cake properties, 13, 46
cake resistance, 65
cake specific resistance, 45
cake structure, 61
cake volume, 65
cartridge filters, 103-108
cellulose, 5 1
centrifugal filtration, 120, 122-123
centrifugation, 223-226
centrifuges, 120, 215, 289-293
ceramic filter media, 41
chamber filter presses, 215
charcoal, 42, 51
chemical feeders, 306-313
chemical mixing, 155, 156, 159
chemical sizing, 238
clarifiers, 160-161
cloth media, 45
coagulation, 16, 144
coagulation filtration, 150
coal media, 41,42
cocurrent filters, 9 1-98
coil filter, 288

dairy industry wastes, 232, 235-237

Darcys law, 3-4, 64
depth type filter media, 19
dewatered cakes, 62
dewatered solids, 21 1
dewatering operations, 12, 13
dewatering technologies, 212-217,
226
diaphragm filters, 110-115
diatomaceous earth, 41, 42
diatomite, 50
diffusion, 146
316

Index

disc filters, 101, 102

drainage beds, 2 17-219
drum vacuum filters, 89-90
drying beds, 2 17
drying operations, 14
dynamic thickeners, 118-119, 121
ebonite media, 41
electrokinetic forces, 11
electrostatic attraction, 146
equipment selection, 13, 16-18
fabric filter media, 20
fabric surface properties, 2 1
fiber cloth filter media, 23
filter aid applications, 48-50
filter aid efficiency, 53-55
filter aid precoating, 56
filter aid requirements, 48
filter aid selection, 51-57
filter aids, 15, 19, 20, 47-57
filter cake resistance, 65
filter centrifuge, 122
filter media, 11, 19
filter media filtration, 59
filter media selection criteria, 43-47
filter media washing, 88
filter medium, 88
filter medium selection, 76
filter plate, 66
filter presses, 92, 98-100, 294-296
filtrate, 8
filtrate motion, 88, 91
filtrate quality, 77
filtration classification, 10
filtration conditions, 12
filtration constants, 67
filtration cycles, 113
filtration equipment, 13, 88
filtration formulas, 75
filtration mechanisms, 81-83
filtration rate, 10
filtration tests, 49
filtration time, 74
finishing industry wastes, 243-246,
247

317

fixed rigid media, 34

flexible filter media, 20-34
flexible metallic media cloths, 25
flocculation, 144, 155, 156, 157-158
flocculation filtration, 149
flocculation units, 157
flow control systems, 280
fly ash, 51
foam plastic media, 41
food industry wastes, 251-254
fouling, 166
fouling control, 180

glass cloths, 21-22

granular media filtration, 142-148
gravity forces, 10, 60
gravity thickening, 215
grizzlies, 2 17
groundwater remediation, 175
heat-resistant filter media, 26
horizontal rotary filters, 93, 95-96
hydraulic classifiers, 215, 216
hydraulic conductivity, 4
hydraulic resistance, 44, 50, 64
hydroclones, 216
hydrogen peroxide, 149
hyperfiltration, 163, 173-190
impeller mixing, 157
impoundment basins, 215, 216
incompressible fluids, 9
incompressible systems, 68
internal rotary drum filters, 92-93
kinematic viscosity, 148
Kozeny constant, 6
leaf filters, 100-101
leather tanning industry wastes, 243246, 247
loose rigid media, 41

318

Liquid Filtration

manmade packed media, 8

materials handling requirements,
182-183
mechanical flocculation basin, 158
membrane filtration, 163
membrane processes, 172
membrane separations, 169-170
mesh size, 34
metal finishing industry wastes, 26827 1
metallic cloths, 25-26
metallic filter media, 34, 40
methyl phenols, 165
microporous filtration range, 126
microstrainer units, 299
model pore sizes, 2
nitrated cotton cloths, 22
nitrogen compounds, 229
nonmetallic cloths, 25-26
nonwoven filter media, 26, 34
Nutsch filters, 93, 96
nylon cloth, 24

packing arrangement, 2
paper production wastes, 230-232,
233-234
paper pulp, 23
particle bridging, 19-20
particle classification, 215-217
particle settling, 85
particle size distribution, 11
perlite, 50
permeability, 4, 8, 52
petroleum hydrocarbon
hyperfiltration, 196-202
petroleum refinery industry wastes,
246-247, 248-25 1
pH control, 16
pharmaceutical industry wastes, 240243
pilot plant filter assemblies, 17
plastics industry wastes, 258-260
pollution control, 1
pollution prevention, 1
polychlorinated biphenyls, 165

polyvinyl chloride, 41
pore blocked filtration, 86
pore blocking, 84, 85
pore clogging, 12, 60
pore size distribution, 45
pore structure, 2
porosity, 61, 62
porous media, 1, 2, 3-9, 34
porosity of perlite, 50
potassium permanganate, 149
powdered metal, 34
precoat applications, 15-16, 52
precoat filters, 221
precoating, 49
preconditioning, 150
pressure drop across cakes, 64
pressure filter, 279
pressure filtration, 222 process
economics, 184-193
pulping process wastes, 23 1
pumping wells, 175
purification, 14

rapid sand filters, 145, 274

rapid sand filtration, 153-155
reservoir models, 3
retentivity, 44-45
reverse osmosis, 134, 135-141
Reynolds number, 3
rigid filter media, 34, 40-43
rotary disc vacuum filter, 102
rotary drum conditioner, 315
rotary drum efficiency, 55
rotary drum filters, 49, 89-91, 94
rotary drum vacuum filter, 282-283
roughing units, 304
rubber media filters, 24
sand and gravel media, 42
sand drying bed, 218
sand filters, 281
sawdust, 51
screw presses, 123-124, 125
sedimentation, 144-145
semivolatile contaminants, 204-206
slow sand filtration, 151-153

Index

sludge blanket filtration, 161

sludge dewatering operations, 21 1228
solid bowl centrifuges, 224
solids contact processes, 155, 159
solids recovery, 14
solids washing, 120
specific capacity, 17
specific resistance, 55
specific volume, 65
spiral wound membranes, 139-140
steel industry wastes, 261-264
strainers, 109-110
straining operations, 146
surface-type filter media, 19
suspended solids, 229
suspension properties, 13
Sweetland pressure filter, 102
synthetic fabrics, 238
synthetic fiber cloths, 24-25
temperature control, 16
tensile strength, 45
textile industry wastes, 237-240
theory of pore packing, 2
thickeners, 116-119
thin-cake filters, 115, 116-117
thin-cake thickener, 116
tortuosity, 6
total dissolved solids, 229
total organic carbon, 229
total suspended solids, 229
tubular ultrafiltration, 133

UF membranes, 124, 126 -134

ultrafiltration, 124, 126-134
unit operations, 1
upflow filter system, 278
vacuum filter operation, 220
vacuum filters, 46, 285-287
vacuum filtration, 2 19
vacuum rotary filtration, 215
variable pressure filtration, 72-74
variable rate filtration, 72-74
vertical leaf vacuum filter, 275
volcanic glass media, 50
volume reduction, 179

washing techniques, 12
waste shipping, 190-191
wastewater sources, 229-27 1
wastewater treatment technology,
142, 163
wool cloth filter media, 23

319