CEMS New Trends in Litg 30 Sept 14 V2

10/10/2014
New trends in lighting

Indoor and Outdoor
K.Seshadri (SESH)
Architectural Lighting + Design
Conference
Singapore
30 Sept 2014
New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014
Lighting design & SS 531:2006

In Singapore, Lighting design for Work place has to
conform to Code of Practice SS 531 under the
Workplace Safety and Health Act.
SS 531 is also the approved code for BCA Green Mark
award for the lighting load.
10/10/2014
SS 531 Parts
SS 531 Part 1: Indoor work places (safety & performance)
SS 531 Part 2: Outdoor work places (performance)
SS 531 Part 3: Outdoor work places (Safety)
3 roles of lighting
Visual
Experienced
value
Biological
Emotional
10/10/2014
The Visual role

1.Visual
Facility to perform
multiple tasks in
an environment
over time
The Emotional role
2.Emotional
First time reaction
and long term
impression of
work space
10/10/2014
The Biological role

3.Biological
How light
influences our
Biological rhythm
Objectives of 3 Lighting roles

Improve concentration, safety and productivity
Promote peoples well-being, moods and health
Help aging people perform better
Support the healing process at healthcare facilities
Help prevent possible problems from irregular workhours e.g. Shift work
10/10/2014
The Visual role
Experienced
value
1.Visual
3.Biological
2.Emotional
Examples of Lighting levels
10,000 Lux
100,000 Lux
20,000 Lux
500 Lux
300 Lux
10
10/10/2014
Night illuminances
0.2 LUX
0.25 Lux
0.002 Lux
11
Mechanism of our eye
12
10/10/2014
Young and old eyes
13
Cataract
Cataract
Normal view
14
10/10/2014
Macular degeneration
Macular degeneration
Normal view
Glaucoma
Normal view
Glaucoma
16
10/10/2014
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy
Normal view
Aging workforce and eyesight

The percentage of Singaporeans above 65 will
increase from 8.4% in 2005 to 18.7% in 2030
In absolute number, it will increase from 296,000 in
2005 to 873,300 in 2030
(Committee on Ageing Issues Report,2006)
10/10/2014
Aging workforce and eyesight

Falls and Fractures are known to
increase 200% due to vision loss
People will have less mobility
even in unfamiliar areas
Higher lighting levels will help

to mitigate the problem (but
cannot cure the illness)
19
Age vs workplace Illuminance
12 years = 200 lux

40 years = 600 lux
60 years = 3000 lux
10
10/10/2014
Lighting vs Productivity
Productivity and
Task Illuminance
500
2000
Lux
Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2

21
Lighting vs Errors & Rejects

Errors and
Task
Illuminance
Lux
500
2000
22
11
10/10/2014
Lighting vs Tiredness
Fatigue and
Task
Illuminance
Lux
500
2000

23
SS 531-1: 2006 Indoor Recommendations - 1

Type of Interior
E
(Lux)
U0
3.1
Filing, copying
300
---
3.2
Writing, reading, Data

processing
500
0.7
3.3
Detailed Technical drawings 750
0.7
3.4
CAD work stations
500
0.7
3.5
Conf&Meeting rooms
500
0.7
3.6
Reception desk
300
---
3.7
Archives
200
----
12
10/10/2014
Overall Uniformity
Uniformity Ratio (Uo) =
Minimum Illuminance
Average Illuminance
Maintained Illuminance
Eave
Initial illuminance
Maintained
illuminance
100%
Maintenance
interval
Operating time
13
10/10/2014
How do we tolerate 100,000 Lux in the open?
27
Why does 500-750 Lux look so bright?

The closeness of lamp makes people mistake Glare
for Lighting level. So Glare has to be minimized
28
14
10/10/2014
Unified Glare Rating - UGR
Complicated system to limit direct

glare caused by the luminaires
in the interior
29

Type of Interior
E
(Lux)
U0
UGR
3.1
Filing, copying
300
---
19
3.2

processing
500
0.7
19
3.3
Detailed Technical drawings 750
0.7
16
3.4
CAD work stations
500
0.7
19
3.5
Conf&Meeting rooms
500
0.7
19
3.6
Reception desk
300
---
22
3.7
Archives
200
----
25
15
10/10/2014
The Emotional role
Experienced
value
1.Visual
3.Biological
2.Emotional
Evaluation of a lighting application

31
Lamp Efficacy examples

Lamp
Power
(W)
Light
output
(Lumen
s)
Efficacy
Lumens/
Watt
Incandescent Lamp
75W
900
12
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
15W
900
60
Fluorescent tube Cool

Daylight
36W
2500
69
Induction lamp
250W
21250
85
LED (Performance Level)
1-5W
40-600
40-120
High Pressure Sodium
400W
56000
140
16
10/10/2014
Colour temperatures
Lower color
temperature means
warmer color
Higher color
temperature means a
cooler color
10 000
Boreal Sky Northlight
Sun in Zenith Daylight
5000 K
Afternoon Sunlight
2000 K
Dusk & Dawn - Twilight
Natural light
6000 K
17
10/10/2014
Changing Colour temperatures
Cool light daytime
Warm light - Twilight hours
35
CRI - Colour Rendering Index
Perceiver
Halogen Lamp
Material
36
18
10/10/2014
Sodium Lamp
The Perceiver
The material
37
73
83
93
38
19
10/10/2014

Type of Interior
E
(Lux)
U0
UGR
CRI
3.1
Filing, copying
300
---
19
3.2

processing
500
0.7
19
80
80
3.3
Technical drawings
750
0.7
16
3.4
CAD work stations
500
0.7
19
3.5
Conf&Meeting rooms
500
0.7
19
3.6
Reception desk
300
---
22
3.7
Archives
200
----
25
80
80
80
80
80
SS 531: Outdoor lighting

Seaport
Industrial
Airport
Building sites
Objectives of Code: To help Authorities, Consultants

and Project owners to determine appropriate lighting
level for Outdoor work
40
20
10/10/2014
Outdoor work at night
41
42
21
10/10/2014
43
SS 531-2 Outdoor Performance level

General areas
Ref
Type of area, task or

activity
5.1.1
Walkways exclusively for

pedestrians in work areas
Traffic areas for slow moving
vehicles (max.10 km/h
5.1.2
Em U0
Lux
GRL CRI
0.25
50
20
10
0.40
50
20
5.1.3
Regular vehicle traffic

(max.40km/h)
20
0.40
45
20
5.1.4
Pedestrian passages in the

midst of vehicle turning, loading
and unloading
30
0.40
50
20
22
10/10/2014

Shipyards & Docks
Ref
Type of area, task or

activity
Em U0
Lux
GRL CRI
5.14.1 Shipyard area, storage areas
20
0.25
55
40
5.14.2 Short term handling of large

units
5.14.3 Ship hull cleaning
20
0.25
55
20
50
0.25
50
20
5.14.4 Ship hull painting and welding
100
0.40
45
60
5.14.5 Mounting of electrical and

mechanical components
200
050
45
60

Building Sites
Ref Type of area, task or
activity
5.3.1 Clearance, excavation and
loading
5.3.2 Construction areas, drain pipes
mounting, auxiliary and storage
tasks
5.3.3 Framework element mounting,
light reinforcement work,
wooden mould and framework
mounting, electric piping and
cabling
5.3.4 Element jointing, electrical
machine and pipe mountings
Em U0
Lux
GRL CRI
20
0.25
55
20
50
0.40
50
20
100
0.40
45
40
200
0.40
45
40
23
10/10/2014
SS 531-3 Outdoor Safety level

Type of area, task or activity Em
Lux
Very Low Risk: Storage areas
U0
GRL
CRI
0.25
55
20
10
0.45
50
20
20
0.40
50
20
50
0.40
45
20
with occasional traffic in industrial

outdoor
Low Risk: Occasionally used

platforms and stairs in petrochemical
industries
Medium Risk: Pre-Fab yards,

Vehicle storage, Fuel storage
High Risk: Areas with pits /

excavations, Valves, compressors
area, regularly used staircase and
platforms
3. The Biological role

Visual
Facility to perform
visual tasks within
an environment
over time
Experienced
value
3.Biological
Emotional
Reaction on first
and sustained
impression over
time
Evaluation of a lighting application
48
24
10/10/2014
Biological impact of Light
Light is not just for vision any more

There are biologial non-visual effects of light
Especially our Body clock
Our surrounds have external rhythms and we have to adapt
49
Earths Annual orbit around the sun
50
25
10/10/2014
Monthly phases of Moon
51
The 24 hrs Day
52
26
10/10/2014
Light and our daily rhythm
53
Pineal Gland the Third eye
Pineal is the seat of our

soul - Rene Descartes
(1662)
54
27
10/10/2014
Melatonin Secretion
Circadian triggers of Light
56
28
10/10/2014
Shift Work Disorder
Shift Work Disorder
29
10/10/2014
Shift work & Performance decrement

Besides psychosocial/ clinical problems, the most
dangerous is the decrease in overall performances of
Shift-workers.
They are more susceptible to
diminished performance and
attention- deficit that can
compromise productivity and
public safety.
Safety declines over successive
night shifts (Folkard & Tucker 2003).
Shift work & Performance decrement

Tragedy
Time
Bhopal gas tragedy
00.56 h
Chernobyl nuclear disaster
01.23 h
Three-mile Island incident
04.00 h
Rhine chemical spillage
Early morning
Gaisal train disaster (India)
01.15 h
30
10/10/2014
Our 24-hr Life

There are Round-the-clock service in many sectors.
Hospitals, hotels, Airlines, police, seaports, airports and
process industries operate 24 hours / day. Staff have to
work in Shifts.
On average it takes approx 3 days to adjust to a 12 hour
shift in time.
Exposure to good lighting level can help to overcome
many of the problems
61
Human-centric Light & Conclusions

Typical characteristics of lighting solutions:
High light levels with dimming at choice
colour temperature changes to keep with daylight

outside
Glare free installation, no direct line of sight to bright light

sources
High uniformity
Good colour rendering (>80)
Treating of our rhythmic disorders with Light therapy
6262
31
10/10/2014
What cost is Lighting?
Our eye is used to
= 100,000 lux
Recommended office lighting level
= 500 lux
The electrical load density to achieve this = 10W / m2
@ 8 m2 per pax, the lighting load / person = 80W
For 10 hrs per day, the energy consumed = 80 x 10 WHr

= 0.80 Kw Hr
@S$ 0.25 / KwHr, the cost of lighting / day = S$ 0.20!
How much does a cup of tea cost ?
How many cups would we drink everyday?
Thank you !
64
32

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10/10/2014

New trends in lighting

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Lighting design & SS 531:2006

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

The Visual role

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

The Emotional role

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

The Biological role

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Objectives of 3 Lighting roles

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

The Visual role

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Examples of Lighting levels

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Mechanism of our eye

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Young and old eyes

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Aging workforce and eyesight

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Aging workforce and eyesight

Higher lighting levels will help

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Age vs workplace Illuminance

12 years = 200 lux

60 years = 3000 lux

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Lighting vs Errors & Rejects

Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

SS 531-1: 2006 Indoor Recommendations - 1

Writing, reading, Data

Detailed Technical drawings 750

CAD work stations

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

How do we tolerate 100,000 Lux in the open?

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Why does 500-750 Lux look so bright?

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Unified Glare Rating - UGR

Complicated system to limit direct

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

SS 531-1: 2006 Indoor Recommendations - 2

Writing, reading, Data

Detailed Technical drawings 750

CAD work stations

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

The Emotional role

Evaluation of a lighting application

New Trends in Lighting Sesh Sept 2014

Lamp Efficacy examples