Compressed Industrial Gases Hof Master

INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRIAL GAS DATA BOOK
This book is designed to provide a convenient source of vital information for anyone who works with or
studies industrial gases. It is published by Air Liquide America Corporation, a subsidiary of Air Liquide,
the world's largest industrial gas organization. Through Air Liquide America Corporation, Air Liquide
markets virtually every industrial gas to industrial, commercial, and public facilities throughout North
America. Air Liquide is active in more than 60 countries around the world.
The data contained here is based on sources using standard industry references. It is believed to be
accurate, but is recommended for use as a guideline only.
TABLE OF WORKSHEET CONTENTS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
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18.
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20.
21.
22.
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24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
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31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
Introduction (This Worksheet)

Oxygen and Nitrogen Conversion Data
Argon and Neon Conversion Data
Carbon Dioxide, Propane, and Propylene Conversion Data
Helium and Hydrogen Conversion Data
Krypton and Xenon Conversion Data
Velocity and Miscellaneous Conversion Factors
Density and Pressure Conversion Factors
Energy and Power Conversion Factors
Area and Volume Conversion Factors
Length and Weight Conversion Factors
Liquid Oxygen, Liquid Nitrogen, & Liquid Hydrogen mass conversions to Volume
Liquid Oxygen & Liquid Nitrogen Tonnage Rate Conversion to Volumetric Rate
Dew Point Conversion to Parts per Million (Volume)
Metered Gas Conversion Factors
Combustion Requirements for Boiler Fossil Fuels
Electric, Steam, and Ambient Vaporizers' Specifications
Dissociated MeOH & NH3 Conversion Data
Absolute Temperatures Chart
CO2 Cylinder Specifications
CO & Ozone Conversion Factors
CGA Gas Cylinder Valves and Specifications
Liquid CO2 Storage Vessel Dimensions and Foot Prints
Tube Trailers' and Generic Cryogenic Vessels' Capacities
High Pressure Steel & Aluminum Gas Cylinders' Specifications
Saturated Densities
Nitrogen Purging
Nitrogen Purging Efficiency
Gas Flammability
Saturated Liquid Flashing
Gas Turbine Capacity
Liquid Hydrogen Vapor Release
Pressure Drop of Compressed Air in Piping
Minimum Safe Distance for Liquid Hydrogen Storage
Safe Storage Distances for LPG and Liquid Oxygen
Nitrogen Refrigeration
Physical Properties of Gases - USA units
Physical Properties of Gases - Metric units
Pressure, Temperature and Density Relationships for Liquid Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Argon
Saturated Steam Tables - Pressure Basis
Saturated Steam Tables - Temperature Basis
Superheated Steam Tables
Customer Cryogenic Tank
VGL Parts
OXYGEN CONVERSION DATA

Weight
Oxygen Quantity pounds
(lb)
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
1 ton
Gas
kilograms
cubic
(kg)
feet (scf)
1.0
2.205
0.08281
0.4536
1.0
0.03756
12.076
26.62
1.0
3.151
9.527
2.517
2,000
1.4291
4.322
1.1417
907.2
38.04
115.1
30.38
24.16
Liquid
cu
meters
(nm3)
gallons
(gal)
liters (l)
0.3174
0.105
0.6998
0.2316
0.02628 0.008691
1.0
3.025
0.7983
635
0.331
1.0
0.2642
209.9
0.3977
0.8767
0.0329
1.2528
3.785
1.0
794.5
NITROGEN CONVERSION DATA

Weight
Nitrogen
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
1 ton
Gas
pounds kilograms
cubic
(lb)
(kg)
feet (scf)
1.0
0.4536
13.803
2.205
1.0
30.42
0.07245
0.03286
1.0
2.757
6.745
1.782
2,000
1.2506
3.06
0.8083
907.2
38.04
93.11
24.6
27.605
Liquid
cu
meters
gallons
(nm3)
(gal)
liters (l)
0.3627
0.1481
0.5606
0.7996
0.3262
1.2349
0.02628 0.01074 0.04065
1.0
2.447
0.6464
725.4
0.408
1.0
0.2642
296.2
A Scf (standard cubic foot) is gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70 F.

A Nm3 (normal cubic meter) is gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0 C.
Liquid volume is measured at 1 atmosphere and its boiling temperature.
1.5443
3.785
1.0
1,121
ARGON CONVERSION DATA

Weight
Argon Quantity pounds
(lb)
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
1 ton
Gas
kilograms
cubic
(kg)
feet (scf)
1.0
2.205
0.1034
0.4536
1.0
0.0469
9.671
21.32
1.0
3.933
11.63
3.072
2,000
1.784
5.276
1.3936
907.2
38.04
112.5
29.71
19.342
Liquid
cu
meters
(nm3)
gallons
(gal)
0.2543
0.086
0.5605 0.18957
0.02628 0.008893
1.0
2.957
0.7812
508.6
liters (l)
0.3255
0.7176
0.03366
0.3382
1.0
0.2642
172
1.2802
3.785
1.0
651
NEON CONVERSION DATA

Weight
Neon Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
pounds
(lb)
Gas
kilograms
cubic
(kg)
feet (scf)
1.0
2.205
0.05215
0.4536
1.0
0.02366
19.18
42.27
1.0
1.984
10.065
2.661
0.8999
4.565
1.207
38.04
193.2
51.03
Liquid
cu
meters
(nm3)
gallons
(gal)
liters (l)
0.504 0.09928
0.3758
1.1112
0.2191
0.8292
0.02628 0.005177 0.019594
1.0
5.077
1.341
0.1971
1.0
0.2642
A Scf (standard cubic foot) is gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70F.

A Nm3 (normal cubic meter) is gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0 C.
All values are rounded to the nearest 4/5 significant numbers.
0.7462
3.785
1.0
CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION DATA

Weight
CO2
Quantity
1 pound
1 ton
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gal liquid
1 liter liquid
1 ton
pounds
tons
1.0
0.0005
2,000
1.0
2.205
0.0011023
0.1144 -4.359
0.00218
8.47
0.004235
2.238
0.0011185
97.56
0.0488
Gas
kilograms
0.4536
907.2
1.0
0.05189
1.9772
3.842
1.0151
44.25
cubic feet
(Scf)
8.741
17.483
19.253
1.0
38.04
74.04
19.562
852.8
Liquid
cu
meters
(nm3)
0.2294
458.8
0.5058
0.02628
1.0
1.9431
0.5134
22.38
gallons
0.11806
236.1
0.2603
0.013508
0.5146
1.0
0.2642
11.518
Solid
liters
cubic feet
0.4469
893.9
0.986
0.05113
1.948
3.785
1.0
43.6
A Scf (standard cubic feet) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere and 70 F.

A Nm3 (normal cubic meter) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere and 0 C.
Liquid volume is measured at 21.42 atmospheres and 1.7 F. The Solid phase is measured at 109.25 F
PROPYLENE CONVERSION DATA
1 pound
1 gallon
pounds
-4.35
cubic feet
8.89
--
Vapor pressure @ 70F and 130 psig
PROPANE CONVERSION DATA
1 pound
1 gallon
pounds
-4.23
cubic feet
8.62
--
Vapor pressure @ 70F and 120 psig
0.010246
20.49
0.226
0.0011723
0.04468
0.08678
0.02293
1.0
OZONE CONVERSION DATA
Ozone
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
Weight
pounds (lb)
1.0
2.205
0.12406
4.72
11.283
2.981
Gas
Liquid
kilograms cubic feet cu meters

(kg)
(scf)
(nm3)
0.4536
8.06
0.2118
1.0
17.77
0.4671
0.05626
1.0
0.02628
2.141
38.04
1.0
5.117
84.3
2.21
1.352
22.28
0.5857
gallons
(gal)
0.089
0.1954
0.011862
0.4525
1.0
0.2642
liters (l)
0.3355
0.7397
0.0449
1.7127
3.785
1.0
CARBON MONOXIDE CONVERSION DATA
Carbon
Monoxide
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
Weight
kilograms
(kg)
1.0
0.4536
2.2050
1.0
0.0725
0.0329
pounds (lb)
2.7500
6.7800
1.7910
1.2474
3.0750
0.8125
Gas
Liquid
cubic feet
(scf)
13.793
30.414
1.0
cu meters
(nm3)
0.3629
0.8001
0.02628
gallons
(gal)
0.1475
0.3252
0.0106
38.040
93.516
24.703
1.0
2.4605
0.6499
0.4056
1.0
0.2642
A Scf (standard cubic foot) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere absolute and 70 F.

A Nm3 (normal cubic meter) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere absolute and 0 C.
Liquid is measured at 1 atmosphere absolute and its boiling temperature.
liters (l)
0.5583
1.2309
0.0401
1.5352
3.7850
1.0
HELIUM CONVERSION DATA

Weight
Helium
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
Gas
pounds kilograms
cubic
(lb)
(kg)
feet (scf)
1.0
0.4536
96.71
2.205
1.0
213.2
0.01034
0.00469
1.0
0.3935
0.1785
38.04
1.042
0.4728
100.8
0.2754
0.1249
26.63
Liquid
cu
meters
gallons
(nm3)
(gal)
liters (l)
2.542
0.9593
3.631
5.603
2.115
8.006
0.02628 0.009919 0.03754
1.0
0.3775
1.4289
2.649
1.0
3.785
0.6998
0.2642
1.0
HYDROGEN CONVERSION DATA

Weight
Hydrogen
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
Gas
pounds kilograms
cubic
(lb)
(kg)
feet (scf)
1
0.4536
192
2.205
1
423.3
0.005209 0.002623
1
0.19815
0.08988
38.04
0.5906
0.2679
113.41
0.15604
0.07078
29.99
Liquid
cu
meters
gallons
(nm3)
(gal)
liters (l)
5.047
1.6928
6.408
11.126
3.733
14.128
0.02628 0.00882 0.03339
1
0.3355
1.2699
2.981
1
3.785
0.7881
0.2642
1
Scf (standard cubic foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70F.

Nm3 (normal cubic meter) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0C.
Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature.
All values rounded to nearest 4/5 significant numbers.
Hydrogen gas values expressed in the stable condition 75% ortho, 25% para.
Hydrogen liquid values expressed in the stable para condition.
Lbs H2
5,000.0
Scf H2
960,000
KRYPTON CONVERSION DATA

Weight
Krypton
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 Scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
pounds
Gas Volume
kilograms
cubic
feet (Scf)
1.0
2.205
0.2172
0.4536
1.0
0.09582
4.604
10.147
1.0
8.266
20.13
5.318
3.749
9.131
2.412
38.04
92.69
24.51
cu
meters
(nm3)
Liquid volume
gallons
0.12098 0.04967
0.2667 0.10939
0.02628 0.010773
1.0
2.436
0.6441
0.4101
1.0
0.2642
liters
0.188
0.4141
0.04078
1.5525
3.785
1.0
XENON CONVERSION DATA

Weight
Xenon Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
1 Scf gas
1 nm3 gas
1 gallon liquid
1 liter liquid
pounds
Gas Volume
kilograms
cubic
feet (Scf)
1.0
2.205
0.3416
0.4536
1.0
0.15495
2.93
6.451
1.0
13
25.51
6.738
5.897
11.572
3.056
38.04
74.67
19.726
cu
meters
(nm3)
Liquid Volume
gallons
0.07692 0.03921
0.16958 0.08642
0.02628 0.013392
1.0
1.9623
0.5185
0.5096
1.0
0.2642
A Scf (standard cubic foot) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere and 70 F.

A Nm3 (normal cubic meter) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere and 0 C.
liters
0.1484
0.3271
0.05069
1.9291
3.785
1.0
VELOCITY CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply
Feet/Minute
Feet/Second
Meters per Second
Miles/Hour
By
To Obtain
0.01136
0.01829
0.508
0.01667
0.6818
1.097
30.48
0.3048
0.5921
3.281
2.237
3.6
1.467
0.447
1.609
0.8684
Miles/hour
Kilometers/hour
Centimeters/second
Feet/second
Miles per hour
Kilometers per hour
Centimeters per second
Meters per second
Knots
Feet per second
Miles per second
Kilometers per hour
Feet per second
Meters per second
Kilometers per hour
Knots
MISCELLANEOUS CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Barrels (oil)
Barrels (oil)
Barrels/hour
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Feet
By
33.94
29.92
14.696
5.6146
To Obtain
Feet of H2O (x 12 = Inches of H2O)
Inches of mercury
Pounds per square inch
Cubic feet
42 Gallons
0.7 Gallons per minute
0.1781 Barrels
7.4805 Gallons (U.S.)
0.3048 Meters
Feet of water at 60F

Feet per second
0.4331 Pounds per square inch

0.68182 Miles per hour
Gallons (U.S.)
0.02381 Barrels
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons per minute
Part/million
Lbf/square inch
Lbf/square inch
Lbm/million gallons
0.1337
231
1.429
8.337
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Barrels per hour
Pounds per million gallons
2.309 Feet of water at 60F (x 12 = inches of H2O)
2.036 Inches of mercury at 32 F
0.11982 Parts (Mass) per million
Water (U.S. gallon)
8.3378 Pounds per gallon of water @ 60 oF
Water (cubic foot)
62.371 Pounds per cubic feet of water @ 60 oF
DENSITY CONVERSION FACTORS
Pressure
1 pound/cu in
1 pound/cu ft
1 pound/gal
1 gram/cu cm
1 gram/liter
Multiply units in left column by proper factor below:

lbf/sq in
1.0
-0.00433
0.03613
--
Int'l atm
1728
1.0
7.481
62.43
0.06243
kg/cm2 mm Hg at 32 F
231
27.68
0.1337
0.016
1.0
0.1198
8.345
1.0
0.008345
0.001
in. Hg at 32 F
27,680
16.019
119.83
1,000
1.0
PRESSURE CONVERSION FACTORS

Pressure

kg/cm2 mm Hg at 32 F in. Hg at 32 F
lbf/sq in
Int'l atm
1.0
0.06804
0.0703
51.713
2.0359
1 int atmosphere
14.696
1.0
1.0333
760
29.921
1 kilogram/sq cm
1 mm Hg (Torr)
14.223
0.0193
0.9678
0.00132
1.0
0.00136
735.56
1.0
28.958
0.0394
1 inch mercury
0.4912
0.0334
0.0345
25.4
1.0
1 foot water
1 bar
0.4335
14.5
0.0295
0.987
0.0305
1.0198
22.418
750.06
0.8826
29.529
1 pound/sq in
roper factor below:

ft. water at 39.2 F
bar
2.307
0.06896
33.9
1.01325
32.81
0.0446
0.9806
0.00133
1.133
0.03386
1.0
33.455
0.02989
1.0
ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS

ft-lb
Btu
g-cal
Joule
kw-hr
hp-hr
1 foot -pound
1.0 0.001285
0.3239
1.3558
--1 Btu
778.2
1.0
252
1053.1
--1 gram-calorie
3.088 0.003968
1.0
4.1868
--1 int Joule
0.7376 0.000948
0.2388
1.0
--1 int kilowatt-hour
2,655,000
3412.8 859,845
-1.0
1.341
1 horsepower-hour 1,980,000
2545 641,186
-0.7457
1.0
Energy
SPECIFIC ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS
Specific Energy
1 absolute
Joule/gram
1 int Joule/gram
1 calorie/gram
1 int calorie/gram
1 Btu/lb

absolute
int
cal/g
int cal/g
Btu/lb
Joule/g
Joule/g
1.0 0.99984 0.23901 0.23885 0.42993
1.000165
1.0 0.23904 0.23892
0.43
4.184
4.1833
1.0 0.99935
1.7988
4.1867
4.186 1.00065
1.0
1.8
2.326
2.3256 0.55592 0.55556
1.0
POWER CONVERSION FACTORS

Power (rate of
energy use)
1 horsepower
1 watt
1 kilowatt
1 Btu per minute
1 metric hp
hp
1.0
-1.341
-0.9863
watt
745.7
1.0
1,000
-735.5

kw
Btu/min
Btu/hr
ft-lb/sec ft-lb/min
0.7457
42.41
2,545
550
33,000
0.001
0.057
3.412
0.7376
44.25
1.0
56.87
3412.1
737.6
44,254
-1.0
60
12.97
778.2
0.7355
41.83
2,509.6
542.5
32.55
ctor below:
g-cal/sec metric hp
178
1.014
0.2388 0.00136
238.8
1,360
4.199
0.0239
175.7
1.0
AREA CONVERSION FACTORS

Area
1 sq inch
1 sq foot
1 acre
1 sq mile
1 sq centimeter
1 sq meter
1 hectare
sq in
1.0
144
--0.155
1550
--

sq ft
acre
sq mile
sq cm
sq m
0.0069
--6.452
-1.0
--929
0.0929
43.56
1.0
0.001563 -4047
27,878,400
640
1.0 -2,590,000
0.001076
--1.0
0.0001
10.76
0.000247
-1 0.000
1.0
-2.471
--10
VOLUME CONVERSION FACTORS

Volume
1 cu inch
1 cu foot
1cu yard
1 cu centimeter
1 cu meter
1 liter
1 US gallon
1 Imperial gallon
cu in
1.0
1,728
46.656
0.061
61.024
61.024
231
227.4
cu ft
cu yd
-1.0
27
-35.31
0.0353
0.1337
0.1605
-0.037
1.0
-1.308
----
cu cm
16.387
28.317
-1.0
1,000,000
1,000
3,785.4
4,546.1
cu meter
-0.0283
0.7646
-1.0
0.001
---
liter
0.0164
28.32
764.6
0.001
1,000
1.0
3.785
4.546
below:
hectare
--0.4047
259
--1.0
ctor below:
US gallon
0.00433
7.481
202
-264.2
0.2642
1.0
1.201
Imp
gallon
-6.229
168.2
-220
0.22
0.8327
1.0
LENGTH CONVERSION FACTORS

Length
1 inch
1 foot
1 yard
1 mile
1 millimeter
1 centimeter
1 meter
1 kilometer

ft
yd
mile
mm
cm
m
0.0833
0.0278
-25.4
2.54
0.0254
1.0
0.3333
-304.8
30.48
0.3048
3
1.0
-914.4
91.44
0.9144
5,280
1760
1.0
--1,069.3
0.0033
--1.0
0.1
0.001
0.03281
0.0109
-10
1.0
0.01
3.281
1.094
-1,000
100
1.0
3281
1,094
0.6214
--1,000
inch
1.0
12
36
-0.0394
0.3937
39.37
--
1 micron = 0.001 millimeter
WEIGHT CONVERSION FACTORS

Weight
1 grain
1 ounce
1 pound
1 ton
1 gram
1 kilogran
1 metric ton
grain
1.0
437.5
7,000
-15.43
---
oz
-1.0
16
32,000
0.0353
35.274
35,274
lb
-0.0625
1.0
2,000
-2.205
2,205
ton
--0.0005
1.0
--1.102
gram
kg
0.0648 -28.35 0.02835

453.6
0.4536
-907.2
1.0
0.001
1,000
1.0
-1,000
metric
ton
---0.9072
-0.001
1.0
km
---1.609
--0.001
1.0
TONNAGE CONVERSION FACTORS*

Oxygen
1 lb gaseous oxygen =
12.08 scf @ 14.7 psia and 70 F
Nitrogen
1 lb gaseous nitrogen =
13.80 scf @ 14.7 psia and 70 F
1 ton gaseous oxygen =

24,160 scf @ 14.7 psia and 70 F
1 ton gaseous nitrogen =

1 ton gaseous hydrogen =
27,605 scf @ 14.7 psia and 70 F 383,950 scf @ 14.7 psia and 70 F
scf/mo
(millions)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
1.38
2.76
4.14
5.52
6.9
8.28
9.66
11.04
12.42
13.8
27.59
41.39
55.19
69.98
scf/mo
(millions)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
ton/day
scf/mo (millions)
ton/day
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
7.25
9.06
18.12
36.24
54.36
72.5
ton/day
*Based on a 30-day month.
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
Hydrogen
1 lb gaseous hydrogen =
192.0 scf @ 14.7 psia and 70 F
1.21
2.42
3.62
4.83
6.04
7.25
8.45
9.66
10.87
12.08
24.15
36.23
48.3
60.38
scf/mo
(millions)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
scf/mo (millions)
ton/day
scf/mo (millions)
8.28
10.35
20.7
41.41
62.11
82.82
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
115.2
114
288
575
864
1.152
ton/day
ton/day
0.087
0.174
0.26
0.35
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.87
1.74
2.6
3.47
4.34
TONNAGE CONVERSION CHART

To obtain values for plants of larger size, multiply each value by the same factor.
This table is taken from an Air Liquide

is badly presented data because it fai
The table is now labeled accurately in
DEWPOINT TO PPM CONVERSION TABLE

PPM H2O
Dew
Point (oF) (Volume)
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
38,727
37,432
36,138
34,844
33,842
32,840
31,838
30,836
29,833
28,831
27,829
26,827
25,825
25,057
24,290
23,522
22,755
21,987
21,220
20,452
19,685
18,917
18,336
17,754
17,174
16,593
16,011
15,430
14,849
14,268
13,687
13,329
12,971
12,613
12,255
11,898
11,540
11,182
10,824
10,466
10,068
9,670
9,272
Percent
Volume
H2O
3.8727
3.7432
3.6138
3.4844
3.3842
3.284
3.1838
3.0836
2.9833
2.8831
2.7829
2.6827
2.5825
2.5057
2.429
2.3522
2.2755
2.1987
2.122
2.0452
1.9685
1.8917
1.8336
1.7754
1.7174
1.6593
1.6011
1.543
1.4849
1.4268
1.3687
1.3329
1.2971
1.2613
1.2255
1.1898
1.154
1.1182
1.0824
1.0466
1.0068
0.967
0.9272
PPM H2O
Dew
Point (oF) (Volume)
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23
-24
-25
-26
-27
-28
-29
-30
-31
-32
-33
-34
-35
-36
-37
-38
-39
-40
-41
-42
-43
-44
-45
-46
1,020
970
920
870
820
780
740
700
660
630
590
560
530
500
475
448
422
400
378
359
330
317
300
283
265
250
235
222
210
196
105
174
164
153
144
136
128
119
113
105
98
92
87
Percent
Volume
H2O
0.102
0.097
0.092
0.087
0.082
0.078
0.074
0.07
0.066
0.063
0.059
0.056
0.053
0.05
0.0475
0.0448
0.0422
0.04
0.0378
0.0359
0.033
0.0317
0.03
0.0283
0.0265
0.025
0.0235
0.0222
0.021
0.0196
0.0105
0.0174
0.0164
0.0153
0.0144
0.0136
0.0128
0.0119
0.0113
0.0105
0.0098
0.0092
0.0087
Conversion Tab
Dew Point VS. Parts Per Million
Dew Point
F
-130
-120
-110
-105
-104
-103
-102
-101
-100
-99
-98
-97
-96
-95
-94
-93
-92
-91
-90
-89
-88
-87
-86
-85
-84
-83
-82
-81
-80
-79
-78
-77
-76
-75
-74
-73
-90
-84
-79
-76
-76
-75
-74
-74
-73
-73
-72
-72
-71
-71
-70
-69
-69
-68
-68
-67
-67
-66
-66
-65
-64
-64
-63
-63
-62
-62
-61
-61
-60
-59
-59
-58
Air Products published the following D
40
8,874
0.8874
-47
82
0.0082
39
38
37
36
8,475
8,077
7,679
7,281
0.8475
0.8077
0.7679
0.7281
-48
-49
-50
-51
76
72
67
62
0.0076
0.0072
0.0067
0.0062
35
6,883
0.6883
-52
59
0.0059
34
6,633
0.6633
-53
55
0.0055
33
6,383
0.6383
-54
51
0.0051
32
6,133
0.6133
-55
48
0.0048
31
5,883
0.5883
-56
44.6
0.00446
30
5,633
0.5633
-57
41.8
0.00418
29
5,383
0.5383
-58
39.0
0.0039
28
5,133
0.5133
-59
36.5
0.00365
27
4,883
0.4883
-60
34.0
0.0034
26
4,633
0.4633
-61
31.7
0.00317
25
4,453
0.4453
-62
29.4
0.00294
24
4,274
0.4274
-63
27.5
0.00275
23
4,094
0.4094
-64
25.6
0.00256
22
3,915
0.3915
-65
23.6
0.00236
21
3,735
0.3735
-66
22.1
0.00221
20
3,556
0.3556
-67
20.6
0.00206
19
3,376
0.3376
-68
19.2
0.00192
18
3,197
0.3197
-69
17.9
0.00179
17
3,017
0.3017
-70
16.6
0.00166
16
2,897
0.2897
-71
15.4
0.00154
15
2,776
0.2776
-72
14.3
0.00143
14
2,656
0.2656
-73
13.3
0.00133
13
2,535
0.2535
-74
12.3
0.00123
12
2,415
0.2415
-75
11.4
0.00114
11
2,294
0.2294
-76
10.5
0.00105
10
2,174
0.2174
-77
9.8
0.00098
2,053
0.2053
-78
9.1
0.00091
1,933
0.1933
-79
8.4
0.00084
1,854
0.1854
-80
7.8
0.00078
1,775
0.1775
-81
7.2
0.00072
1,695
0.1695
-82
6.6
0.00066
1,616
0.1616
-83
6.2
0.00062
1,537
0.1537
-84
5.7
0.00057
1,458
0.1458
-85
5.3
0.00053
1,378
0.1378
-86
4.78
0.000478
1,299
0.1299
-87
4.50
0.00045
-1
1,220
0.122
-88
4.15
0.000415
Dew Points
Moisture content in pure gases. To co

use the following table:
*At 1 atmosphere pressure.

Dew Point*, oF
130
120
110
105
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
-2
1,153
0.1153
-89
3.84
0.000384
-3
1,087
0.1087
-90
3.53
0.000353
*10,000 PPM = 1.0%
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
is taken from an Air Liquide Website and shows that the PPM in Gas Data Book
resented data because it failed to identify the PPM as Volumetric Basis - not Mass.
is now labeled accurately in this worksheet. (Art M. 05/06/03)
Conversion Table
oint VS. Parts Per Million Moisture (Vol.)

Moisture
This is yet another sad example of sloppy and un-specific
ppm
(vol/vol)
engineering that seems to populate even the most
serious and large technological business companies
0.10
world-wide.
0.25
0.63
1.00
1.06
1.18
1.29
1.40
1.53
1.66
1.81
1.96
2.15
2.35
2.54
2.76
3.00
3.28
3.53
3.84
4.15
4.50
4.78
5.3
5.7
6.2
6.6
7.2
7.8
8.4
9.1
9.8
10.5
11.4
12.3
13.3
ALL published or communicated engineering data should

be clearly and accurately labeled as to specific units
as well as significatnt figures.
cts published the following Dew Point conversion data in their Website:
content in pure gases. To convert parts per million by volume of water vapor to dew point,
llowing table:
mosphere pressure.
ppm, Vol/Vol
0.10
0.25
0.63
1.00
1.08
1.18
1.29
1.40
1.53
1.66
1.81
1.96
2.15
2.35
2.54
2.76
3.00
3.28
3.53
3.84
4.15
4.50
4.78
5.3
5.7
6.2
6.6
7.2
7.8
8.4
9.1
9.8
10.5
11.4
12.3
13.3
14.3
15.4
16.6
17.9
19.2
20.6
22.1
23.6
25.6
27.5
29.4
34.0
36.5
39.0
41.8
44.6
48
51
55
59
62
67
71
76
82
87
92
98
105
113
119
128
136
METERED GAS CONVERSION FACTORS
Calibrated For
Air
Dry Air (D.A.)
Argon
Endo or Ammonia
Helium
Hydrogen
Natural Gas
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Propane
Specific
Gravity
1
0.295
1.38
0.59
0.138
0.0695
0.65
0.96
1.105
1.522
Air
1
0.543
1.175
0.768
0.371
0.264
0.806
0.98
1.051
1.234
D.A.
1.841
1
2.163
1.414
0.684
0.485
1.484
1.804
1.935
2.271
Argon
0.851
0.462
1
0.654
0.316
0.224
0.686
0.834
0.895
1.05
Endo or
Ammonia
1.302
0.707
1.529
1
0.484
0.343
1.05
1.276
1.369
1.606
Helium
2.692
1.462
3.162
2.068
1
0.71
2.17
2.638
2.83
3.321
Hydrogen
3.793
2.06
4.456
2.914
1.409
1
3.058
3.717
3.987
4.68
Natural
Gas
1.24
0.674
1.457
0.953
0.461
0.387
1
1.215
1.304
1.53
Nitrogen
1.021
0.554
1.199
0.784
0.379
0.269
0.823
1
1.073
1.259
Oxygen
Propane
0.951
0.517
1.118
0.731
0.353
0.251
0.767
0.932
1
1.174
0.811
0.44
0.952
0.623
0.301
0.214
0.654
0.794
0.852
1
Example: If the flowmeter is calibrated for air and argon is being metered, multiply the reading with 0.851 to get the actual argon flow. If the
actual pressure is different from the calibration pressure, use the correction factor from the calibration pressure chart.
GAS CONVERSION FACTORS

Actual PSIG
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
10
15
20
30
40
50
0
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.1
1.13
1.16
1.3
1.42
1.53
1.75
1.93
2.1
0.5
1
1.02
1.05
1.08
1.11
1.14
1.27
1.4
1.51
1.71
1.9
2.06
1
0.98
1
1.03
1.06
1.09
1.12
1.25
1.38
1.49
1.69
1.87
2.03
2
0.95
0.97
1
1.03
1.06
1.09
1.22
1.33
1.44
1.64
1.81
1.97
3
0.93
0.94
0.97
1
1.03
1.05
1.18
1.29
1.4
1.59
1.76
1.91
Calibration Pressure
4
5
10
0.9
0.88
0.78
0.92
0.89
0.8
0.94
0.92
0.82
0.97
0.95
0.85
1
0.97
0.87
1.03
1
0.89
1.15
1.12
1
1.26
1.23
1.1
1.36
1.33
1.18
1.55
1.51
1.34
1.71
1.67
1.49
1.86
1.81
1.62
15
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.81
0.91
1
1.08
1.22
1.36
1.47
20
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.84
0.92
1
1.13
1.25
1.36
30
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.63
0.65
0.66
0.74
0.82
0.88
1
1.11
1.2
40
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6
0.67
0.74
0.8
0.9
1
1.09
Conversion factor = (P actual + 14.7/P cal + 14.7)0.5

P actual = actual pressure, psig
Where:
P cal = calibrated pressure, psig
Example: If the flowmeter is calibrated for 50 psig and the actual pressure is 10 psig, multiply the reading with 0.62 to get the actual flow. If in addition, the flowmeter is
calibrated for a different gas than the gas being measured, multiply this number with the correction factor from the metered gas conversion factor.
50
0.48
0.49
0.51
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.73
0.83
0.92
1
owmeter is
COMBUSTION CONSTANTS OF HYDROCARBON GASES (WEIGHT BASIS)
Name of Gas
Carbon solid
Hydrogen
Carbon monoxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Ethylene
Propylene
Acetylene
Symbol
C
H2
CO
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C2H4
C3H6
C2H2
Mol
Weight
Heat of Combustion
Btu per Lb
12.011
Gross
14,093
Net
14,093
2.016
28.010
16.043
30.070
44.097
28.054
42.081
26.038
61,100
4,347
23,879
22,320
21,661
21,644
21,041
21,500
51,623
4,347
21,520
20,432
19,994
20,295
19,691
20,776
Pound per Pound of Combustible Gas

Required for Combustion
Products of Combustion
O2 +
N2
CO2
H2O
N2
= Air
2.664
8.863
11.527
3.664
--
8.863
7.9
0.6
4
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.1
26.407
1.9
13.257
12.394
12.074
11.385
11.385
10.224
34.344
2.471
17.265
16.119
15.703
14.807
14.807
13.297
-1.571
2.744
2.927
2.994
3.138
3.138
3.381
8.937
-2.246
1.798
1.634
1.285
1.285
0.692
26.407
1.9
13.275
12.394
12.074
11.385
11.385
10.224
COMBUSTION CONSTANTS OF HYDROCARBON GASES (VOLUME BASIS)
Name of Gas
Hydrogen
Carbon monoxide
Symbol
H2
Mol
Weight
Heat of Combustion
Btu per cu ft @ 60F
Cubic Feet per Cubic Feet of Combustible Gas

Products of Combustion
O2 +
N2
H2O
N2
= Air
CO2
Gross
Net
2.016
28.010
325
322
275
322
0.5
0.5
1.882
1.882
2.382
2.382
-1
1
--
1.882
1.882
Methane
CO
CH4
16.043
1,013
913
7.528
9.528
7.528
Ethane
C2H6
30.070
1,792
1,641
3.5
13.175
16.675
13.175
Propane
C3H8
44.097
2,590
2,385
18.821
23.821
18.821
Ethylene
C2H4
28.054
1,614
1,513
11.293
14.293
11.293
Propylene
Acetylene
C3H6
C2H2
42.081
26.038
12,336
1,499
2,186
1,448
4.5
2.5
16.939
9.411
21.439
11.911
3
2
3
1
16.939
9.411
COMBUSTION REQUIREMENTS OF TYPICAL FUELS

Analysis
Name of Fuel
No. 2 Fuel Oil
No. 4 Fuel Oil
No. 6 Fuel Oil
Bituminous Coal
Natural Gas
Heat of Combustion
Btu/gal
lbs Air/lb
scf
Air/gal
scf O2/gal
19,214
18,821
18,400
138,000
143,000
150,000
14.46
14.22
13.96
1,381
1,437
1,513
291
302
319
--
13,500
--
10.22
Air
required
136 scf/lb
Specific
Grav. 0.6
1,000
Btu/ft3
%S
%C
%H
% Ash
0.1
0.3
0.5
86.8
87.6
88.2
13
12
11
-0.1
0.3
7.18
7.6
8.15
1.78
75.3
CH4 90%; C2H6 5%
lbs/gas net Btu/lb
Air
O2
required
required 2
9.56
scf/ft3
3
scf/ft
ELECTRIC VAPORIZER SPECIFICATIONS (for vaporizing stored Liquefied Gases)
Kw
In
Out
Volts
Amps
BC
Lb/Hr
CO2
Scfh N2,
O2, A
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
0.75"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
11/2"
11/2"
11/2"
11/2"
220/440
220/440
220/440
220/440
220/440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
40/20
80/40
120/60
160/80
200/100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
6
81/8
101/4
13
151/4
171/2
193/4
22
241/8
263/8
281/2
303/4
33
375
750
1,125
1,500
1,875
2,250
2,625
3,000
3,375
3,750
4,125
4,500
4,875
4,000
7,500
11,500
15,000
19,000
22,500
26,500
30,000
33,750
37,500
41,500
45,000
49,000
STEAM VAPORIZER SPECIFICATIONS

Flow
scfh
Fluid
MAWP
psig
50,000
N2/O2
500
100,000
N2/O2
500
Steam
Steam
Required
Pressure
lbs/hr
250 Max
1" Mueller
2" Mueller
Flange
Flange
700
15 Min
250 Max
1.5" Mueller 3" 300 lb
Flange
ANSI Flange
1,400 15 Min
N2 Inlet
N2 Outlet
Steam
Inlet psig
2" Female
Pipe
2" Female
Pipe
AMBIENT VAPORIZER SPECIFICATIONS

Model
A2SSEG-10X1
A4SSEG-10X1
A6SSEG-10X1
A8SSEG-10X1
A10SSEG-10X1
A12SSEG-10X1
A16SSEG-10X1
A20SSEG-10X1
A24SSEG-10X1
A30SSEG-10X1
A36SSEG-10X1
Dimension, inches
23 x 10 x 165
23 x 23 x 165
23 x 36 x 165
23 x 49 x 165
23 x 62 x 165
36 x 49 x 165
49 x 49 x 165
49 x 62 x 165
49 x 75 x 165
62 x 75 x 165
75 x 75 x 165
Rating -- 8 Hr
1,428 scfh
2,856 scfh
4,284 scfh
5,712 scfh
7,140 scfh
8,568 scfh
11,424 scfh
14,280 scfh
17,136 scfh
21,420 scfh
25,704 scfh
Rating -Continuous
400 scfh
800 scfh
1,200 scfh
1,600 scfh
2,000 scfh
2,400 scfh
3,200 scfh
4,000 scfh
4,800 scfh
6,000 scfh
7,200 scfh
*Gap or space between the extrusions is 5" for improved resistance to ice bridging.
Wt lbs
100
150
180
210
240
275
310
345
375
405
440
575
605
Condensate
Out
Fluid
Inlet
Fluid
Outlet
2" Male Pipe
320 F
70 F
2" Male Pipe
320 F
70 F
Art Montemayor
March 15, 2004

Rev: 0
LCO2 Vaporization
Hi Montemayor,
15-Mar-04
Thank you very much for your reply. Your willingness to help is greatly appreciated.
The problem we deal with is CO2 supply for carbonated beverage bottling facility with several bottling
lines, and varying working regime.
The normal CO2 consumption is 3,000 Kg/Hr, but we have to take into account peak loads of
4,800 Kg/Hr and lowest load of 1,200 Kg/Hr.
Liquid CO2 source is @ -20 C (19.25 Bar a). [-4 oF & 264.4 psig]
Gaseous CO2 min. temp. supply requirement is @ 0 C.
Water source is 100 CU.M (26,406 gallons) treated water storage tank. This is an external, not insulated
tank, thus its temp. is effected by the ambient temp. The a.m. tank is foodstuff grad, so using of antifreeze
is not permitted. (What is "a.m. tank"??)
Preference of water heating is for energy saving considerations, and the experience of steam heating for
this application is very troublous (and nearest steam source available is 200 MTR away).
Average water supply temp. is 14 C, lowest winter temp. is 10 C, max. temp. is 28 C.
Water supply circulation pump: 70 CU.M/Hr (308 gpm).
As I've mentioned before, my concern is of water freezing and ice accumulation on external tube surface.
Another question is whether flow rate reduction is permitted when CO2 consumption is at its lower level?
(In case CO2 consumption is stopped, water circulation remains, and CO2 space is drained off).
I hope now you can have the full information needed in order to handle this problem.
Excel Workbook you suggest for Industrial Gas data and information is most interesting to me for both
this job and other jobs we have.
My address is: shmulik@boiler.co.il
Once again, thank you very, very much for your assistance!
Page 38 of 103
FileName: 319322448.xls
WorkSheet: LCO2 Vaporization
LCO2 Vaporization
Art Montemayor
LC
March 15, 2004

Rev: 0
To Bottling
Machine
consumption
Liquid CO2 Storage Tank
PC
Water overflow
@ 41 oF
Water source @ 50 oF
Vaporizer Control Operation:

1. LCO2 automatic valve opens when storage tank pressure is less than pre-set value (19.25 barA)
2. Water heat sink source is constantly circulating a minimum of
285
gpm of water at
50 oC. This water exits the vaporizer at 41 oF and is circulated to a heating source prior to being
5.
circulated at the required 50 oF MINIMUM.

3. The vaporized LCO2 is vented directly back to the storage tank vapor space and the gaseous
consumption is derived from the common pipe joining the vaporizer and the storage tank.
If the gaseous CO2 demand decreases, the storage tank pressure starts to increase and the pressure
controller on the LCO2 block valve activates the actuator on the block valve, shutting LCO2 flow
to the vaporizer. Storage tank pressue ceases to increase.
4. Upon subsequent gaseous CO2 demand increase, storage tank pressure starts to decrease and
the pressure controller opens the LCO2 block valve to the vaporizer, initiating vaporization and an
increase in gaseous CO2 availability for the consumption.
The vaporizer coil must be physically and mechanically situated at a lower level than the lowest
LCO2 tank level in order to have gravity flow to the coil. The coil must be allowed to freely vaporize
LCO2 and return the product vapor directly back to the tank vapor space. The LCO2 block valve
must have bubble-tight capability to positively shut-off LCO2 supply when required. The heating
water source must be available at the design rate 100% of the time that vaporization is required.
Page 39 of 103
Art Montemayor
LCO2 Vaporization
Page 40 of 103
March 15, 2004

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
LCO2 Vaporization
Page 41 of 103
March 15, 2004

Rev: 0
March 15, 2004

Rev: 0
LCO2 Vaporization
Art Montemayor
Heating water rate available =

LCO2 Design vaporization rate =
308 gpm
4,800 kg/hr =
LCO2 Latent Heat of Vaporization =
10,560 lb/hr
121.57 Btu/lb
@ -4.3 oF & 284.7 psia, saturated liquid
Vaporizer Heat Load = 1,283,737 Btu/hr

Design water inlet temperature =
10 oC =
50 oF
Design water outlet temp. =
5 oC =
41 oF
Q=W Cp T
Q
W=
Cp T
W = Water rate, lb/hr
Cp =
T =
1.00 Btu/lb -oF

9 oF
W =
Water Storage tank capacity =

Vaporizer time available =
142,637 lb/hr =
285 gpm
26,406 gallons
93 minutes
Page 42 of 103
Art Montemayor
LCO2 Vaporization
Page 43 of 103
March 15, 2004

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
LCO2 Vaporization
Page 44 of 103
March 15, 2004

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
LCO2 Vaporization
Page 45 of 103
March 15, 2004

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
NIST Thermodynamic Values for Saturated CO2
November 05, 1999

Rev: 1(11/09/99)
Temperature Pressure Density(l) Volume(l) Internal Energy(l) Enthalpy(l) Entropy(l)

Cv(l)
Cp(l)
Sound Spd.(l) Density(v) Volume(v) Internal Energy(v) Enthalpy(v) Entropy(v)
Cv(v)
Cp(v)
Sound Spd.(v)
(F)
(psia)
(lbm/ft3)
(ft3/lbm)
(BTU/lbm)
(BTU/lbm) (BTU/lbm*R) (BTU/lbm*R) (BTU/lbm*R)
(ft/s)
(lbm/ft3) (ft3/lbm)
(BTU/lbm)
(BTU/lbm) (BTU/lbm*R) (BTU/lbm*R) (BTU/lbm*R)
(ft/s)
-109.40
14.696
97.560 0.010250
-64.111
-0.13031
0.17575 5.69000
182.80
0.57421
-100.00
22.310
96.900 0.010320
-61.211
-0.12201
0.26316 3.80000
183.81
0.55891
-68.98
76.696
73.463 0.013612
35.291
35.484
0.12701
0.23713
0.46671
3123.9 0.87775 1.13930
169.32
185.51
0.51074
0.15320
0.22186
730.40
-67.91
78.696
73.329 0.013637
35.79
35.989
0.12829
0.23627
0.46701
3112.2 0.89960
1.11160
169.39
185.61
0.50991
0.15364
0.22279
730.62
-66.85
80.696
73.196 0.013662
36.279
36.484
0.12953
0.23545
0.46730
3100.6 0.92145 1.08520
169.47
185.69
0.50910
0.15406
0.22371
730.82
-65.81
82.696
73.065 0.013686
36.76
36.970
0.13076
0.23468
0.46757
3089.2 0.94329 1.06010
169.54
185.78
0.50831
0.15448
0.22462
731.02
-64.80
84.696
72.936 0.013711
37.232
37.447
0.13195
0.23394
0.46783
3078.0 0.96513 1.03610
169.60
185.86
0.50754
0.15490
0.22553
731.19
-63.80
86.696
72.809 0.013735
37.696
37.917
0.13313
0.23325
0.46808
3066.9 0.98697 1.01320
169.67
185.94
0.50678
0.15531
0.22643
731.36
-62.82
88.696
72.683 0.013758
38.152
38.379
0.13428
0.23259
0.46832
3056.1
1.0088 0.99128
169.73
186.02
0.50604
0.15571
0.22733
731.51
-61.85
90.696
72.560 0.013782
38.601
38.833
0.13541
0.23196
0.46855
3045.4
1.0306 0.97028
169.79
186.10
0.50532
0.15611
0.22822
731.66
-60.90
92.696
72.437 0.013805
39.042
39.280
0.13652
0.23136
0.46877
3034.8
1.0525 0.95015
169.85
186.17
0.50461
0.15651
0.22911
731.79
-59.97
94.696
72.317 0.013828
39.477
39.719
0.13760
0.23079
0.46899
3024.4
1.0743 0.93084
169.91
186.24
0.50392
0.15690
0.23000
731.91
-59.05
96.696
72.197 0.013851
39.904
40.153
0.13867
0.23025
0.46920
3014.1
1.0961 0.91230
169.97
186.31
0.50324
0.15729
0.23088
732.02
-58.14
98.696
72.080 0.013874
40.326
40.579
0.13972
0.22974
0.46940
3004.0
1.1180 0.89448
170.02
186.38
0.50257
0.15767
0.23175
732.12
-57.25
100.7
71.963 0.013896
40.741
41.000
0.14076
0.22924
0.46961
2993.9
1.1398 0.87735
170.08
186.45
0.50192
0.15804
0.23262
732.21
-56.37
102.7
71.848 0.013918
41.149
41.414
0.14177
0.22878
0.46981
2984.0
1.1616 0.86085
170.13
186.51
0.50128
0.15842
0.23349
732.29
-55.50
104.7
71.735 0.013940
41.552
41.823
0.14277
0.22833
0.47001
2974.2
1.1835 0.84496
170.18
186.57
0.50065
0.15879
0.23435
732.36
-54.65
106.7
71.622 0.013962
41.95
42.226
0.14375
0.22790
0.47021
2964.5
1.2053 0.82965
170.23
186.63
0.50003
0.15915
0.23521
732.43
-53.81
108.7
71.511 0.013984
42.342
42.623
0.14472
0.22750
0.47042
2954.9
1.2272 0.81487
170.28
186.69
0.49942
0.15951
0.23607
732.48
-52.98
110.7
71.402 0.014005
42.728
43.016
0.14567
0.22711
0.47062
2945.4
1.2490 0.80061
170.32
186.75
0.49882
0.15987
0.23693
732.53
-52.16
112.7
71.293 0.014027
43.11
43.403
0.14661
0.22674
0.47082
2936.1
1.2709 0.78684
170.37
186.80
0.49824
0.16023
0.23778
732.57
-51.35
114.7
71.185 0.014048
43.487
43.785
0.14753
0.22638
0.47102
2926.8
1.2928 0.77352
170.41
186.85
0.49766
0.16058
0.23863
732.61
-50.55
116.7
71.079 0.014069
43.858
44.163
0.14844
0.22605
0.47123
2917.5
1.3147 0.76065
170.46
186.91
0.49709
0.16093
0.23947
732.63
-49.76
118.7
70.974 0.014090
44.225
44.535
0.14934
0.22572
0.47144
2908.4
1.3366 0.74819
170.50
186.96
0.49653
0.16127
0.24032
732.65
-48.98
120.7
70.870 0.014110
44.588
44.904
0.15022
0.22541
0.47165
2899.4
1.3585 0.73613
170.54
187.01
0.49598
0.16162
0.24116
732.67
-48.21
122.7
70.767 0.014131
44.946
45.268
0.15110
0.22512
0.47187
2890.4
1.3804 0.72445
170.58
187.05
0.49544
0.16195
0.24200
732.68
-47.46
124.7
70.665 0.014151
45.3
45.627
0.15196
0.22484
0.47209
2881.6
1.4023 0.71313
170.62
187.10
0.49490
0.16229
0.24284
732.68
-46.71
126.7
70.564 0.014172
45.65
45.983
0.15280
0.22457
0.47232
2872.7
1.4242 0.70215
170.66
187.14
0.49438
0.16262
0.24367
732.67
-45.96
128.7
70.464 0.014192
45.996
46.335
0.15364
0.22431
0.47254
2864.0
1.4461 0.69150
170.70
187.19
0.49386
0.16296
0.24451
732.66
-45.23
130.7
70.364 0.014212
46.338
46.682
0.15447
0.22406
0.47278
2855.4
1.4681 0.68116
170.73
187.23
0.49335
0.16328
0.24534
732.65
-44.51
132.7
70.266 0.014232
46.676
47.026
0.15528
0.22382
0.47302
2846.8
1.4900 0.67112
170.77
187.27
0.49284
0.16361
0.24617
732.63
-43.79
134.7
70.169 0.014251
47.011
47.367
0.15609
0.22360
0.47326
2838.3
1.5120 0.66137
170.80
187.31
0.49235
0.16393
0.24700
732.60
-43.08
136.7
70.072 0.014271
47.342
47.703
0.15689
0.22338
0.47351
2829.8
1.5340 0.65189
170.84
187.35
0.49186
0.16425
0.24783
732.57
-42.38
138.7
69.977 0.014290
47.669
48.036
0.15767
0.22318
0.47376
2821.4
1.5560 0.64268
170.87
187.39
0.49137
0.16457
0.24865
732.53
-41.69
140.7
69.882 0.014310
47.993
48.366
0.15845
0.22298
0.47402
2813.1
1.5780 0.63371
170.90
187.42
0.49089
0.16489
0.24948
732.49
-41.00
142.7
69.788 0.014329
48.314
48.693
0.15922
0.22279
0.47428
2804.8
1.6000 0.62499
170.93
187.46
0.49042
0.16520
0.25030
732.45
-40.32
144.7
69.695 0.014348
48.631
49.016
0.15997
0.22261
0.47455
2796.6
1.6221 0.61650
170.96
187.50
0.48995
0.16551
0.25113
732.40
-39.65
146.7
69.602 0.014367
48.946
49.336
0.16072
0.22244
0.47483
2788.5
1.6441 0.60823
170.99
187.53
0.48949
0.16582
0.25195
732.35
-38.98
148.7
69.511 0.014386
49.257
49.653
0.16146
0.22227
0.47511
2780.4
1.6662 0.60018
171.02
187.56
0.48904
0.16613
0.25277
732.29
-38.32
150.7
69.420 0.014405
49.565
49.968
0.16220
0.22211
0.47539
2772.3
1.6883 0.59233
171.05
187.59
0.48859
0.16643
0.25359
732.23
-37.67
152.7
69.329 0.014424
49.871
50.279
0.16292
0.22196
0.47569
2764.4
1.7104 0.58468
171.08
187.62
0.48815
0.16673
0.25441
732.16
-37.02
154.7
69.240 0.014443
50.173
50.587
0.16364
0.22182
0.47599
2756.4
1.7325 0.57721
171.11
187.65
0.48771
0.16703
0.25523
732.09
-36.38
156.7
69.151 0.014461
50.473
50.893
0.16435
0.22168
0.47629
2748.5
1.7546 0.56993
171.13
187.68
0.48727
0.16733
0.25605
732.02
-35.75
158.7
69.063 0.014480
50.77
51.196
0.16505
0.22155
0.47660
2740.7
1.7767 0.56283
171.16
187.71
0.48684
0.16763
0.25687
731.94
-35.12
160.7
68.975 0.014498
51.065
51.496
0.16575
0.22142
0.47692
2732.9
1.7989 0.55590
171.18
187.74
0.48642
0.16792
0.25769
731.86
-34.50
162.7
68.888 0.014516
51.356
51.794
0.16643
0.22130
0.47724
2725.2
1.8211 0.54913
171.21
187.76
0.48600
0.16822
0.25851
731.77
-33.88
164.7
68.802 0.014534
51.646
52.089
0.16711
0.22118
0.47757
2717.5
1.8433 0.54252
171.23
187.79
0.48559
0.16851
0.25933
731.68
-33.27
166.7
68.717 0.014553
51.933
52.382
0.16779
0.22107
0.47790
2709.9
1.8655 0.53606
171.26
187.81
0.48517
0.16880
0.26014
731.59
-32.67
168.7
68.631 0.014571
52.217
52.672
0.16846
0.22097
0.47824
2702.3
1.8877 0.52974
171.28
187.84
0.48477
0.16908
0.26096
731.50
-32.07
170.7
68.547 0.014589
52.499
52.960
0.16912
0.22087
0.47859
2694.8
1.9100 0.52357
171.30
187.86
0.48437
0.16937
0.26178
731.40
Page 46 of 103
Electronic FileName: 319322448.xls

WorkSheet: NIST Saturated CO2
-31.47
-30.88
-30.29
-29.71
-29.14
-28.57
-28.00
-27.44
-26.88
-26.33
-25.78
-25.23
-24.69
-24.16
-23.63
-23.10
-22.57
-22.05
-21.53
-21.02
-20.51
-20.00
-19.50
-19.00
-18.50
-18.01
-17.52
-17.03
-16.55
-16.07
-15.59
-15.12
-14.65
-14.18
-13.71
-13.25
-12.79
-12.34
-11.88
-11.43
-10.98
-10.53
-10.09
-9.65
-9.21
-8.77
-8.34
-7.91
-7.48
-7.05
-6.63
-6.20
November 05, 1999

Rev: 1(11/09/99)
Art Montemayor
172.7
174.7
176.7
178.7
180.7
182.7
184.7
186.7
188.7
190.7
192.7
194.7
196.7
198.7
200.7
202.7
204.7
206.7
208.7
210.7
212.7
214.7
216.7
218.7
220.7
222.7
224.7
226.7
228.7
230.7
232.7
234.7
236.7
238.7
240.7
242.7
244.7
246.7
248.7
250.7
252.7
254.7
256.7
258.7
260.7
262.7
264.7
266.7
268.7
270.7
272.7
274.7
68.463
68.380
68.297
68.215
68.133
68.052
67.971
67.891
67.811
67.732
67.653
67.575
67.497
67.419
67.342
67.266
67.189
67.113
67.038
66.963
66.888
66.814
66.740
66.666
66.593
66.520
66.448
66.376
66.304
66.232
66.161
66.090
66.019
65.949
65.879
65.809
65.739
65.670
65.601
65.532
65.464
65.396
65.328
65.260
65.193
65.125
65.058
64.992
64.925
64.859
64.793
64.727
0.014606
0.014624
0.014642
0.014660
0.014677
0.014695
0.014712
0.014730
0.014747
0.014764
0.014781
0.014798
0.014816
0.014833
0.014850
0.014866
0.014883
0.014900
0.014917
0.014934
0.014950
0.014967
0.014984
0.015000
0.015017
0.015033
0.015049
0.015066
0.015082
0.015098
0.015115
0.015131
0.015147
0.015163
0.015179
0.015196
0.015212
0.015228
0.015244
0.015260
0.015276
0.015292
0.015307
0.015323
0.015339
0.015355
0.015371
0.015387
0.015402
0.015418
0.015434
0.015450
52.779
53.056
53.332
53.605
53.876
54.145
54.412
54.677
54.939
55.201
55.46
55.717
55.973
56.227
56.479
56.729
56.978
57.225
57.47
57.714
57.957
58.197
58.437
58.675
58.911
59.146
59.38
59.612
59.843
60.073
60.301
60.528
60.754
60.978
61.202
61.424
61.645
61.865
62.084
62.301
62.518
62.733
62.947
63.161
63.373
63.584
63.794
64.004
64.212
64.419
64.626
64.831
53.246
53.530
53.811
54.090
54.367
54.642
54.915
55.186
55.455
55.722
55.988
56.251
56.513
56.773
57.031
57.287
57.542
57.795
58.047
58.297
58.546
58.793
59.038
59.283
59.525
59.766
60.006
60.245
60.482
60.718
60.953
61.186
61.418
61.649
61.879
62.107
62.335
62.561
62.786
63.010
63.233
63.455
63.676
63.895
64.114
64.332
64.548
64.764
64.979
65.193
65.406
65.617
0.16977
0.17042
0.17106
0.17170
0.17233
0.17295
0.17357
0.17419
0.17480
0.17540
0.17600
0.17659
0.17718
0.17777
0.17835
0.17892
0.17949
0.18006
0.18062
0.18118
0.18173
0.18228
0.18282
0.18337
0.18390
0.18444
0.18497
0.18549
0.18602
0.18653
0.18705
0.18756
0.18807
0.18858
0.18908
0.18958
0.19007
0.19057
0.19106
0.19154
0.19203
0.19251
0.19299
0.19346
0.19394
0.19441
0.19487
0.19534
0.19580
0.19626
0.19672
0.19717
0.22077
0.22068
0.22060
0.22051
0.22044
0.22036
0.22029
0.22022
0.22016
0.22010
0.22004
0.21999
0.21994
0.21989
0.21985
0.21981
0.21977
0.21973
0.21969
0.21966
0.21963
0.21961
0.21958
0.21956
0.21954
0.21952
0.21950
0.21948
0.21947
0.21946
0.21945
0.21944
0.21943
0.21943
0.21943
0.21942
0.21942
0.21942
0.21943
0.21943
0.21943
0.21944
0.21945
0.21946
0.21946
0.21948
0.21949
0.21950
0.21951
0.21953
0.21954
0.21956
0.47894
0.47930
0.47966
0.48003
0.48040
0.48079
0.48117
0.48157
0.48196
0.48237
0.48278
0.48319
0.48361
0.48404
0.48447
0.48491
0.48535
0.48580
0.48626
0.48671
0.48718
0.48765
0.48812
0.48860
0.48909
0.48958
0.49008
0.49058
0.49108
0.49159
0.49211
0.49263
0.49316
0.49369
0.49422
0.49476
0.49531
0.49586
0.49641
0.49697
0.49754
0.49810
0.49868
0.49926
0.49984
0.50043
0.50102
0.50162
0.50222
0.50282
0.50343
0.50405
2687.3
2679.8
2672.4
2665.0
2657.7
2650.4
2643.2
2636.0
2628.8
2621.7
2614.6
2607.5
2600.5
2593.5
2586.5
2579.6
2572.7
2565.9
2559.0
2552.3
2545.5
2538.8
2532.1
2525.4
2518.8
2512.2
2505.6
2499.1
2492.5
2486.1
2479.6
2473.2
2466.7
2460.4
2454.0
2447.7
2441.4
2435.1
2428.8
2422.6
2416.4
2410.2
2404.1
2397.9
2391.8
2385.7
2379.7
2373.6
2367.6
2361.6
2355.6
2349.7
Page 47 of 103
1.9322
1.9545
1.9768
1.9991
2.0215
2.0439
2.0662
2.0886
2.1111
2.1335
2.1560
2.1785
2.2010
2.2235
2.2461
2.2687
2.2913
2.3139
2.3365
2.3592
2.3819
2.4046
2.4274
2.4502
2.4730
2.4958
2.5186
2.5415
2.5644
2.5873
2.6103
2.6332
2.6562
2.6793
2.7023
2.7254
2.7485
2.7717
2.7948
2.8180
2.8413
2.8645
2.8878
2.9111
2.9345
2.9578
2.9812
3.0047
3.0281
3.0516
3.0751
3.0987
0.51754
0.51164
0.50586
0.50021
0.49468
0.48927
0.48397
0.47878
0.47369
0.46871
0.46382
0.45904
0.45434
0.44974
0.44522
0.44079
0.43644
0.43217
0.42798
0.42387
0.41983
0.41586
0.41197
0.40814
0.40437
0.40068
0.39704
0.39347
0.38996
0.38650
0.38310
0.37976
0.37647
0.37323
0.37005
0.36692
0.36383
0.36079
0.35780
0.35486
0.35196
0.34910
0.34628
0.34351
0.34078
0.33809
0.33543
0.33282
0.33024
0.32769
0.32519
0.32272
171.32
171.34
171.36
171.38
171.40
171.42
171.44
171.46
171.47
171.49
171.51
171.52
171.54
171.55
171.57
171.58
171.59
171.61
171.62
171.63
171.64
171.65
171.66
171.68
171.69
171.70
171.70
171.71
171.72
171.73
171.74
171.75
171.75
171.76
171.77
171.77
171.78
171.78
171.79
171.79
171.80
171.80
171.81
171.81
171.81
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.83
171.83
187.88
187.91
187.93
187.95
187.97
187.98
188.00
188.02
188.04
188.05
188.07
188.08
188.10
188.11
188.12
188.14
188.15
188.16
188.17
188.18
188.19
188.20
188.21
188.22
188.22
188.23
188.24
188.24
188.25
188.25
188.26
188.26
188.27
188.27
188.27
188.27
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.28
188.27
188.27
188.27
188.27
188.26
188.26
188.25
0.48397
0.48357
0.48318
0.48280
0.48241
0.48203
0.48166
0.48128
0.48092
0.48055
0.48019
0.47983
0.47947
0.47912
0.47877
0.47842
0.47808
0.47773
0.47739
0.47706
0.47672
0.47639
0.47606
0.47574
0.47541
0.47509
0.47477
0.47445
0.47414
0.47383
0.47351
0.47321
0.47290
0.47259
0.47229
0.47199
0.47169
0.47140
0.47110
0.47081
0.47052
0.47023
0.46994
0.46965
0.46937
0.46908
0.46880
0.46852
0.46824
0.46797
0.46769
0.46742
0.16965
0.16994
0.17022
0.17050
0.17078
0.17105
0.17133
0.17160
0.17188
0.17215
0.17242
0.17268
0.17295
0.17322
0.17348
0.17375
0.17401
0.17427
0.17453
0.17479
0.17504
0.17530
0.17556
0.17581
0.17606
0.17632
0.17657
0.17682
0.17707
0.17732
0.17756
0.17781
0.17806
0.17830
0.17854
0.17879
0.17903
0.17927
0.17951
0.17975
0.17999
0.18023
0.18047
0.18070
0.18094
0.18117
0.18141
0.18164
0.18188
0.18211
0.18234
0.18257
0.26260
0.26341
0.26423
0.26505
0.26587
0.26669
0.26751
0.26833
0.26915
0.26997
0.27079
0.27161
0.27243
0.27326
0.27408
0.27491
0.27573
0.27656
0.27739
0.27822
0.27905
0.27988
0.28072
0.28155
0.28239
0.28322
0.28406
0.28490
0.28574
0.28658
0.28743
0.28827
0.28912
0.28997
0.29082
0.29168
0.29253
0.29339
0.29424
0.29511
0.29597
0.29683
0.29770
0.29857
0.29944
0.30031
0.30119
0.30206
0.30294
0.30383
0.30471
0.30560
731.30
731.20
731.09
730.98
730.87
730.75
730.63
730.51
730.39
730.26
730.14
730.00
729.87
729.74
729.60
729.46
729.32
729.17
729.03
728.88
728.73
728.58
728.42
728.27
728.11
727.95
727.79
727.63
727.46
727.29
727.13
726.96
726.78
726.61
726.44
726.26
726.08
725.90
725.72
725.54
725.36
725.17
724.99
724.80
724.61
724.42
724.23
724.04
723.84
723.65
723.45
723.26

-5.78
-5.37
-4.95
-4.54
-4.13
-3.72
-3.31
-2.91
-2.50
-2.10
-1.70
-1.31
-0.91
-0.52
-0.13
0.26
0.65
1.04
1.42
1.80
2.18
2.56
2.94
3.31
3.68
4.06
4.43
4.79
5.16
5.53
5.89
6.25
6.61
6.97
7.33
7.68
8.04
8.39
November 05, 1999

Rev: 1(11/09/99)
Art Montemayor
276.7
278.7
280.7
282.7
284.7
286.7
288.7
290.7
292.7
294.7
296.7
298.7
300.7
302.7
304.7
306.7
308.7
310.7
312.7
314.7
316.7
318.7
320.7
322.7
324.7
326.7
328.7
330.7
332.7
334.7
336.7
338.7
340.7
342.7
344.7
346.7
348.7
350.7
64.661
64.596
64.530
64.465
64.400
64.336
64.271
64.207
64.143
64.079
64.015
63.952
63.888
63.825
63.762
63.699
63.636
63.574
63.511
63.449
63.387
63.325
63.263
63.201
63.139
63.078
63.017
62.956
62.894
62.834
62.773
62.712
62.652
62.591
62.531
62.471
62.411
62.351
0.015465
0.015481
0.015497
0.015512
0.015528
0.015543
0.015559
0.015575
0.015590
0.015606
0.015621
0.015637
0.015652
0.015668
0.015683
0.015699
0.015714
0.015730
0.015745
0.015761
0.015776
0.015792
0.015807
0.015823
0.015838
0.015853
0.015869
0.015884
0.015900
0.015915
0.015930
0.015946
0.015961
0.015977
0.015992
0.016008
0.016023
0.016038
65.036
65.239
65.442
65.644
65.845
66.045
66.244
66.442
66.64
66.837
67.033
67.228
67.423
67.616
67.809
68.001
68.193
68.384
68.574
68.763
68.951
69.139
69.327
69.513
69.699
69.884
70.069
70.253
70.436
70.619
70.801
70.982
71.163
71.343
71.523
71.702
71.881
72.059
65.829
66.039
66.248
66.456
66.664
66.871
67.076
67.281
67.486
67.689
67.892
68.094
68.295
68.495
68.695
68.894
69.092
69.289
69.486
69.682
69.877
70.072
70.266
70.459
70.652
70.844
71.035
71.226
71.416
71.606
71.795
71.983
72.171
72.358
72.545
72.731
72.916
73.101
0.19762
0.19807
0.19852
0.19897
0.19941
0.19985
0.20029
0.20073
0.20116
0.20159
0.20202
0.20245
0.20287
0.20330
0.20372
0.20414
0.20456
0.20497
0.20539
0.20580
0.20621
0.20662
0.20702
0.20743
0.20783
0.20823
0.20863
0.20903
0.20943
0.20982
0.21021
0.21061
0.21099
0.21138
0.21177
0.21216
0.21254
0.21292
0.21958
0.21960
0.21962
0.21964
0.21966
0.21968
0.21970
0.21973
0.21975
0.21978
0.21980
0.21983
0.21986
0.21989
0.21992
0.21995
0.21998
0.22001
0.22004
0.22007
0.22010
0.22014
0.22017
0.22021
0.22024
0.22028
0.22031
0.22035
0.22039
0.22042
0.22046
0.22050
0.22054
0.22058
0.22062
0.22066
0.22070
0.22074
0.50467
0.50529
0.50592
0.50655
0.50719
0.50783
0.50848
0.50913
0.50979
0.51045
0.51111
0.51178
0.51245
0.51313
0.51381
0.51450
0.51519
0.51588
0.51658
0.51728
0.51799
0.51870
0.51942
0.52014
0.52087
0.52160
0.52233
0.52307
0.52381
0.52456
0.52531
0.52606
0.52682
0.52759
0.52836
0.52913
0.52991
0.53069
2343.8
2337.8
2332.0
2326.1
2320.2
2314.4
2308.6
2302.8
2297.0
2291.3
2285.5
2279.8
2274.1
2268.5
2262.8
2257.2
2251.5
2245.9
2240.3
2234.8
2229.2
2223.7
2218.2
2212.7
2207.2
2201.7
2196.3
2190.8
2185.4
2180.0
2174.6
2169.2
2163.9
2158.5
2153.2
2147.9
2142.6
2137.3
Page 48 of 103
3.1223
3.1459
3.1695
3.1932
3.2169
3.2407
3.2645
3.2883
3.3121
3.3360
3.3599
3.3838
3.4078
3.4318
3.4559
3.4799
3.5040
3.5282
3.5524
3.5766
3.6008
3.6251
3.6495
3.6738
3.6982
3.7226
3.7471
3.7716
3.7962
3.8207
3.8454
3.8700
3.8947
3.9194
3.9442
3.9690
3.9939
4.0188
0.32028
0.31787
0.31550
0.31316
0.31085
0.30858
0.30633
0.30411
0.30192
0.29976
0.29763
0.29552
0.29344
0.29139
0.28936
0.28736
0.28538
0.28343
0.28150
0.27960
0.27771
0.27585
0.27401
0.27220
0.27040
0.26863
0.26687
0.26514
0.26342
0.26173
0.26005
0.25840
0.25676
0.25514
0.25354
0.25195
0.25038
0.24883
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.82
171.81
171.81
171.81
171.80
171.80
171.80
171.79
171.79
171.78
171.78
171.77
171.77
171.76
171.75
171.75
171.74
171.74
171.73
171.72
171.71
171.71
171.70
171.69
171.68
171.67
188.25
188.24
188.24
188.23
188.23
188.22
188.21
188.21
188.20
188.19
188.18
188.18
188.17
188.16
188.15
188.14
188.13
188.12
188.11
188.10
188.08
188.07
188.06
188.05
188.04
188.02
188.01
188.00
187.98
187.97
187.95
187.94
187.92
187.91
187.89
187.88
187.86
187.85
0.46714
0.46687
0.46660
0.46634
0.46607
0.46580
0.46554
0.46528
0.46501
0.46475
0.46449
0.46424
0.46398
0.46372
0.46347
0.46321
0.46296
0.46271
0.46246
0.46221
0.46196
0.46172
0.46147
0.46122
0.46098
0.46074
0.46050
0.46025
0.46001
0.45977
0.45954
0.45930
0.45906
0.45883
0.45859
0.45836
0.45812
0.45789
0.18280
0.18303
0.18326
0.18349
0.18372
0.18395
0.18417
0.18440
0.18462
0.18485
0.18507
0.18530
0.18552
0.18574
0.18597
0.18619
0.18641
0.18663
0.18685
0.18707
0.18729
0.18751
0.18773
0.18795
0.18817
0.18838
0.18860
0.18882
0.18903
0.18925
0.18946
0.18968
0.18989
0.19011
0.19032
0.19053
0.19075
0.19096
0.30649
0.30738
0.30827
0.30917
0.31007
0.31097
0.31188
0.31279
0.31370
0.31461
0.31553
0.31645
0.31737
0.31830
0.31923
0.32016
0.32109
0.32203
0.32297
0.32392
0.32487
0.32582
0.32677
0.32773
0.32869
0.32966
0.33063
0.33160
0.33257
0.33355
0.33454
0.33553
0.33652
0.33751
0.33851
0.33951
0.34052
0.34153
723.06
722.86
722.66
722.46
722.25
722.05
721.84
721.64
721.43
721.22
721.01
720.80
720.59
720.38
720.17
719.96
719.74
719.53
719.31
719.09
718.87
718.65
718.43
718.21
717.99
717.77
717.55
717.32
717.10
716.87
716.65
716.42
716.19
715.96
715.73
715.51
715.27
715.04

METHANOL AND DISSOCIATED METHANOL CONVERSION DATA
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
Weight
Gas (Dissociated)
Gas (Undissociated)
pounds
kilograms cubic feet cu meters cubic feet cu meters
lbs
kg
scf
nm3
scf
nm3
1.0
0.4536
36.1423
0.94982
12.04744
0.3166
2.205
1.0
79.6788
2.09396
26.55961
0.698
Liquid
gallons
gal
0.151315
0.3336
1 scf gas
dissociated
0.0277
0.01255
1.0
0.02628
0.3333
0.00876
0.004187
1 nm gas
dissociated
1.0528
0.4776
38.04
1.0
12.68
0.3333
0.1593
1 scf gas
undissociated
0.083
0.0377
0.07884
1.0
0.02628
0.01256
1 nm gas
undissociated
1 gal liquid
1 liter liquid
3.1585
6.609
1.746
1.4327
2.9977
0.792
114.16
238.855
63.1056
3
6.277106
1.658416
38.04
79.61828
21.03521
1.0
2.09
0.55
0.47927
1.0
0.2642
AMMONIA AND DISSOCIATED AMMONIA CONVERSION DATA
Quantity
1 pound
1 kilogram
Weight
Gas (Dissociated)
Gas (Undissociated)
pounds
kilograms cubic feet cu meters cubic feet cu meters
lbs
kg
scf
nm3
scf
nm3
1.0
0.4536
45.3318
1.19132
22.6659
0.5957
2.205
1.0
99.9378
2.62636
49.9689
1.3132
Liquid
gallons
gal
0.1467
0.3234
1 scf gas
dissociated
0.0221
0.01
1.0
0.02628
0.5
0.0131
0.0032
1 nm3 gas
dissociated
0.8394
0.3808
38.04
1.0
19.03
0.5
0.1231
1 scf gas
undissociated
0.0441
0.02
38.04
1.0
0.02628
0.0065
1 nm3 gas
undissociated
1 gal liquid
1 liter liquid
1.679
6.817
1.8011
0.7615
3.0923
0.817
76.1
309.042
81.6491
2
8.12162
2.14574
38.04
154.521
40.8246
1.0
4.06
1.07
0.24626
1.0
0.2642
Liquid
liters
l
0.5727
1.2626
0.0158
0.603
0.048
1.809
3.785
1.0
Liquid
liters
l
0.5552
1.224
0.0122
0.466
0.024
0.9321
3.785
1.0
ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE CHART
March 12, 2002
Art Montemayor
MEDICAL GAS CYLINDER SPECIFICATIONS
Model
DOT Spec
Medical B 3AA 2015

D
3AA 2015
E
3AA 2015
M
3AA 2015
Dimensions
inches
3.31 x 13.125
4.18 x 16.75
4.18 x 25.75
7 x 43
Nominal Weight
cm
8.4 x 33.3
10.6 x 42.5
10.6 x 65.4
178 x 109.2
lbs
4.18
7.5
10.5
61.3
kg
1.89
3.39
4.76
27.8
Service Pressure
psi
2,015
2,015
2,015
2,015
bars
138.9
138.9
138.9
138.9
Water Capacity
(volume)
cu in
88
180
295
1,345
liters
1.44
2.95
4.84
22.04
Note: All medical gas capacities assume oxygen with 10% overfill.
CARBON DIOXIDE GAS CYLINDER SPECIFICATIONS

Model
10 oz
21/2 lbs
5 lbs
10 lbs
15 lbs
20 lbs
50 lbs
Dimensions
DOT Spec
inches
cm
3E 1800
1.94 x 11.88 4.928 x 30.175
3AA 1800 3.56 x 14.62 9.042 x 37.135
3AA 1800 5.73 x 14.00 13.385 x 35.6
3AA 1800
7.0 x 18.0
17.78 x 45.72
3AA 1800
7.0 x 22.88
17.78 x 58.115
3AA 1800 7.75 x 23.25 19.685 x 59.0
3AA 1800 8.625 x 45.38 21.908 x 115.2
Nominal Weight
lbs
kg
2.3
1.04
5.25
2.38
10.1
4.58
23
10.43
30
13.61
31.2
14.95
84.9
38.5
Service Pressure
psi
bars
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
1,800
124.1
Water Capacity
(volume)
cu in
liters
25.5
0.418
108
1.77
221
3.62
495
8.11
644
10.55
840
13.77
2,160
35.4
All CO2, stored and distributed using these type of high pressure steel cylinders, exists as a saturated liquid at the
storage pressure that corresponds to the contents' temperature. For CO2 at an ambient temperature of 80 oF, the
corresponding cylinder pressure is 955 psig. These cylinders are filled with LCO2 at high pressure.
These cylinders, with the exception of those used as fire extinguishers, have valves that release saturated CO 2 gas
from the top, vapor portion of the cylinder while the cylinder is held upright. If the cylinder is inverted, the valves will
dispel saturated LCO2 to the atmosphere, which flashes into a mixed-product stream of cold CO2 gas and dry ice "snow".
The product mixture resulting from this "flash" of LCO2 is initially at a temperature of -109 oF and can cause severe
burns to human skin.
This effect, attained by adiabatically expanding the LCO2, is used to good advantage in CO2 Fire Extinguishers. The
fire extinguisher is manufactured in the same manner and under the same mechanical design parameters as the
conventional storage and distribution CO2 cylinder. The only exception is that the CO2 Fire Extinguisher has a valve
that incorporates a copper or brass syphon tube that preferentially dispels (and expands) LCO2 and not CO2 gas.
That is why a CO2 Fire Extinguisher should be held upright when applying it to a fire.
All CO2 cylinders contain saturated Liquid CO2 when at a temperature below its Critical Temperature (87.908 oF).
When the cylinders are at a temperature above the Critical, the CO 2 exists in the Supercritical Phase - where the fluid
is neither a gas or a liquid.
When the cylinders contain a liquefied gas, the cylinder must have a vapor space allowed over the saturated liquid in
order to allow for liquid expansion upon high ambient temperatures, without generating excessive hydraulic pressures.
The observable filling densities of the various cylinder sizes are calculated below:
Model
DOT Spec
10 oz
3E 1800
Water
Capacity
cu in
25.5
Liq. CO2
Fill
Liq. CO2 Capacity
Capacity
@ Density
@ 85 oF, lb
o
o
@ 70 F
70 F, lb
89.13%
0.57
0.70
Page 52 of 103
Fill
Density
@ 85 oF
110.28%
WorkSheet: CO2 Cylinder Specs
March 12, 2002
Art Montemayor
21/2 lbs
3AA 1800
108
2.97
84.18%
Page 53 of 103
2.40
104.15%
WorkSheet: CO2 Cylinder Specs
CGA VALVE SPECIFICATIONS

Gas
Acetylene (commercial)
Acetylene
Acetylene (B)
Acetylene (MC)
Air (industrial)
Air (breathing)
Air (to 5,500 psig)
Ammonia
Argon
Argon (to 5500 psig)
Butane
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
CGA#
300
510
520
200
590
346
347
240
580
680
510
320
350
Outlet Connections
PSIG
.825-14NGO-RH-EXT (flat nipple)

.885-14NGO-LH-INT(bullet nipple)
.895-18NGO-RH-EXT
.625-20NGO-RH-EXT (conical nipple)
.965-14NGO-LH-INT
.825-14NGO-RH-EXT (large round nipple)
.825-14NGO-RH-EXT (long round nipple)
3/8-18NGT-RH-INT
.965-14NGO-RH-INT
1.045-14NGO-RH-INT
.885-14NGO-LH-INT (bullet nipple)
.825-14NGO-RH-EXT (flat nipple)
.825-14NGO-LH-EXT (round nipple)
3,000
500
500
500
3,000
3,000
5,500
500
3,000
5,500
500
3,000
3,000
Corrosive
Ethane
Fuel Gas
Fuel Gases (to 5,500 psi)
Helium
Helium (to 5,500 psig)
Hydrogen
Hydrogen (to 5,500 psig)
Medical Mixtures
Methane
Methane (to 5,500 psig)
Nitrogen
Nitrogen (to 5,500 psig)
660
350
350
695
580
680
350
695
500
350
695
580
680
1.030-14NGO-RH-EXT (face washer)

1.045-14NGO-LH-INT
.965-14NGO-RH-INT
1.045-14NGO-RH-INT
1.045-14NGO-LH-INT
.885-14NGO-RH-INT (bullet nipple)
1.045-14NGO-LH-INT
.965-14NGO-RH-INT
1.045-14NGO-RH-INT
3,000
3,000
3,000
5,500
3,000
5,500
3,000
5,500
3,000
3,000
5,500
3,000
5,500
Nitrous Oxide
Oxygen
Oxygen (to 4,000 psig)
Oxygen (to 5,500 psig)
Ozone
Propane
Propane + Butane
Sulfur Hexafluoride
326
540
577
701
755
510
555
590
.825-14NGO-RH-EXT (small round nipple)

.903-14NGO-RH-EXT
.960-14NGO-RH-EXT
1.103-14NGO-RH-EXT
1.125-14UNS-2A-LH-EXT (short nipple)
.885-14NGO-LH-INT (bullet nipple)
.903-14NGO-LH-EXT
.965-14NGO-LH-INT
3,000
3,000
4,000
5,500
3,000
500
3,000
3,000
Art Montemayor
March 12, 2003

Rev: 0
Liquid CO2 Storage Tanks
TYPICAL CO2 VESSEL (HORIZONTAL)

Capacity (tons)
13
14
24
31
34
45
50
Empty Weight*
(lbs)
11,500
12,500
18,600
23,500
30,000
34,500
40,000
Dim. A
Dim. B
Dim. C
19'
24'
30'
37'
44'
50'
60'
18'
19'
29'
36'
39'-11"
50'
55'-11"
6"
10" - 6"
6"
6"
8"
8"
12"
* Estimate onlySee Tech Specs 1067 and 1016

* All concrete pads are 11' wide x "A" long
TYPICAL CO2 VESSEL (VERTICAL)

Capacity (tons)
14
30
50
Empty Weight*
(lbs)
15,500
30,000
40,000
Height
Dia.
19' - 9"
35' - 9"
39' - 5"
7' - 4"
7' - 4"
8' - 8"
Pad
Dimensions
9' x 9'
10' x 10'
13' x 13'
* Estimate onlySee Tech Specs 1068

* All concrete pad thickness = 24"
Liquid Carbon Dioxide (LCO2) is conventionally stored and distributed to consumers under saturated
conditions. Normal Design conditions are 250 psig and -8.34 oF.
However, the usual and customary conditons under which LCO 2 is initially charged to storage vessels is
Page 55 of 103
WorkSheet: LCO2 Storage Vessels
Art Montemayor
Liquid CO2 Storage Tanks
March 12, 2003

Rev: 0
200 psig and -20 oF --- which are the process conditions under which LCO2 is liquefied in a production plant.
The reason for producing -20 oF saturated LCO2 is that an Ammonia mechanical refrigeration cycle is
normally employed to liquefy the CO2 and the Ammonia evaporator temperature that best suits this application
is approximately -25 oF and this results in a -20 oF LCO2 product.
LCO2 main storage and consumer tanks are kept refrigerated (usually at 250 psig & -8.34 oF) by integrated
mechanical refrigeration units that employ either Ammonia or Freon refrigerants. The refrigeration system cycles
on-and-off, as required to keep the LCO 2 pressure within the design criteria of the tank.
Art Montemayor
Page 56 of 103
WorkSheet: LCO2 Storage Vessels
TUBE TRAILER VOLUME CAPACITIES

Number of
Tubes on
Trailer
30
34
38
49
55
10
7
9
Tube
Length
Tube
O.D.
Oxygen
scf
Nitrogen Argon
scf
scf
Hydrogen
scf
Helium
scf
21'
21'
21'
21'
34'
34' -4"
40'
40'
9 - 5/8"
9 - 5/8"
9 - 5/8"
9 - 5/8"
9 - 5/8"
22"
22"
22"
43,322
48,066
53,516
69,604
127,881
127,881
108,510
139,372
45,623
50,619
56,359
73,302
134,675
134,761
114,275
146,776
45,330
50,294
55,996
72,830
133,808
133,894
112,539
145,832
43,038
47,751
31,655
69,147
127,043
127,124
---
43,670
48,453
53,947
70,164
128,910
128,993
109,383
140,494
Filled Wt Filled Wt
O2 (lbs)
N2 (lbs)
Filled Wt
Ar (lbs)
Net Cap
gallons
Capacities shown are trailers filled at 2,640 psig and 70 F.
GENERIC CRYOGENIC VESSEL INFORMATION
Dia
inches
Height
inches
Tare Wt
lbs
1500 MVE
(SS)
66
180
7,400
22,081
17,797
25,332
1,541
3000 MVE
(SS)
96
194
16,600
45,181
36,841
51,490
3,000
6000 MVE
(NP)
96
330
28,800
85,962
69,282
98,580
6,000
9000 VCS
(NP)
114
372
46,700
132,443
107,423
151,370
9,000
11,000 MVE
(NP)
114
433
57,681
162,478
131,876
185,611
11,000
Size gallons
Note 1: For oxygen vessel pads an apron of 12' x 12' must be added.
Note 2: This table is not for construction use.
Note 3: For 3,000 11,000 gallon vessel standard vaporization is 5,000 scfh.
For 1,500-gallon vessel standard vaporization is 2,000 scfh.
Note 4: Taylor Wharton numbers are slightly different.
Note 5: For total volume in scf mulitiply gallons times 93.11 for N 2, 115.1 for O2, and 112.5 for Ar.
Breathing Air
scf
63,614
51,438
57,270
74,486
136,852
-116,122
149,149
MAWP psi
Pad Size
Top Rebar
Bottom
Rebar
250/400/600
14' x 14' x 15"
#4 @ 12"
#6 @ 12"
250/400/600
18' x 14' x 15"
#4 @ 12"
#7 @ 10"
250/400/600
6' x 16' x 18"
#4 @ 12"
#7 @ 8"
250/400/600
36' x 20' x 18"
#4 @ 12"
#8 @ 8"
250/400/600
36' x 20' x 21"
#4 @ 10"
#8 @ 11"
, and 112.5 for Ar.
Art Montemayor
March 12, 2003

Rev: 0
High Pressure Compressed Gas Cylinders
HIGH PRESSURE STEEL CYLINDER SPECIFICATIONS

Model
(Cap., Scf)
20 Scf
40 Scf
55 Scf
80 Scf
110 Scf
125 Scf
150 Scf
220 Scf
250 Scf
300 Scf
400 Scf
3600 psi
6000 psi
DOT
Spec
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2265
3AA 2015
3AA 2015
3AA 2265
3AA 2400
3AA 2400
3AA 3600
3AA 6000
Dimensions
inches
5.27 x 14
7 x 18
7 x 22.88
7 x 32.38
7 x 43
7 x 43
7 x 46.25
8.99 x 51
9.04 x 51
9.27
x 55
10.51
x
56
9.31 x 51
9.28 x 51
cm
13.4 x 35.6
17.8 x 45.7
17.8 x 58.1
17.8 x 82.2
17.8 x 109.2
17.8 x 109.2
17.8 x 117.5
22.8 x 129.5
23 x 129.5
23.5 x 139.7
26.7 x 142.2
23.6 x 129.5
23.5 x 129.5
Nominal Weight
Service Pressure
lbs
10.1
23
30
42
55
55
59
114
115
135
190
180
267
psi
2,015
2,015
2,015
2,015
2,015
2,265
2,015
2,015
2,265
2,400
2,400
3,600
6,000
kg
4.58
10.43
13.61
19.05
24.94
24.94
26.76
51.7
52.2
61.2
86.2
81.6
121.1
bars
138.9
138.9
138.9
138.9
138.9
156.2
138.9
138.9
156.2
165.5
165.5
248.2
413.7
Water Capacity
(volume)
cu in
221
495
644
985
1,345
1,345
1,660
2,640
2,640
2,980
3,960
2,640
2,285
liters
3.6
8.1
10.6
16.1
22
22
27.2
43.3
43.3
48.4
64.9
43.3
37.4
HIGH PRESSURE ALUMINUM CYLINDER SPECIFICATIONS

Dimensions
Nominal Weight
Service Pressure
Water Capacity
(volume)
Model
DOT
Spec
inches
cm
lbs
kg
psi
bars
cu in
liters
AL-150
AL-88
AL-33
3AL2015
3AL2216
3AL2216
8 x 48
7 x 33
7 x 16
20 x 122
18 x 84
18 x 41
50
32
16
23
15
7.3
65
35
13
30
16
5.9
1.04
0.56
0.21
30
16
5.9
Page 59 of 103
WorkSheet: HP Cylinders
DENSITIES AT VARIOUS SATURATION PRESSURES
Saturation
Pressure
psig
0
5
10
25
50
75
100
150
200
250
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Argon
Liquid
Density
lbs/ft3
Gas
Density
scf/gal
Liquid
Density
lbs/ft3
Gas
Density
scf/gal
Liquid
Density
lbs/ft3
Gas Density
scf/gal
71.17
70.42
69.80
67.86
65.55
63.76
62.43
59.80
57.62
55.60
115.10
113.72
112.73
109.59
105.86
102.97
100.82
96.57
93.05
89.79
50.44
49.62
49.00
47.50
45.69
44.19
42.88
40.70
38.76
36.83
93.11
91.55
90.40
87.63
84.18
81.53
79.12
75.08
71.51
67.95
87.51
85.77
84.77
82.46
79.90
77.90
76.15
73.16
70.28
67.79
112.50
110.89
109.60
106.61
103.31
100.71
98.45
94.59
90.87
87.65
HOW TO PURGE WITH NITROGEN

Nitrogen purging is easily adapted to any process installation. Different methods are used depending on
the type and shape of the equipment to be purged and on the location of the purging inlets and outlets
.
1. Displacement Purging
This method is used for equipment with simple cross sections - such as piplines. The volume of nitrogen
required corresponds to the physical volume of the pipe. In many piplines, a rubber scraping piston, or "pig,"
is introduced and propelled through the pipe by the nitrogen pressure to clean the line.
The nitrogen volume required to purge equipment with a simple cross section is determined using the
following formula:
V = VoP/14.7
Where:
V = Total nitrogen volume required (scf)

=
Vo = Water volume of pipeline (cf)
=
P = Nitrogen absolute pressure in the pipeline during purging (psia) =
(Fill in the data in the YELLOW cells and get the answer in BOLD RED.)
2. Pressurization Purging
340
1,000.0
5.0
This method is used when conditions do not permit a sweeping action of nitrogen through the vessel. The
vessel is repeatedly pressurized and mixed with nitrogen gas and then the mixture is exhausted. The total
volume of nitrogen depends on the number of pressurizing purges required to reduce the contaminant to an
acceptable level and can be determined by using this formula:
V = 1.2nVoP/Pa
Where:

Vo = Water volume of vessel or tank (cf)
P = Absolute pressure after pressurization with nitrogen (psia)
Pa = Absolute pressure after exhaust (psia)
n = Number of purges = C log Co/(log Pa log P)
Co = Initial content of gas to be removed
C = Final content of gas to be removed
3. Dilution Purging
This method is used for equipment cross sections such as distillation columns, kilns, reactors, etc.
Nitrogen partially mixes with the gas to be purged out, and then the mixture exits through an outlet located
as far as possible from the inlet. The nitrogen required to reduce a contaminate to a desired level can be
found using the graph below and the total volume of nitrogen needed can be computed from the following
formula:
V = nVo
Where:

Vo = Water volume of equipment (cf)
n = Number of nitrogen volumes required
PURGING EFFICIENCY (C/Co) AS A FUNCTION OF NITROGEN VOLUME

(TANK VOLUMES) FOR VARIOUS PURGING TECHNIQUES
Purging Technique:
1 Displacement
2 Dilution Pf = Pi = 14.7
3 Dilution Pi = 14.7; Pf = 29.4
4 Pressure Purge Pi = 19.7; Pf = 24.7
5 Pressure Purge Pi = 19.7; Pf = 34.7
Where:
Pf = pressure final
Pi = pressure initial
FLAMMABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON GASES AND LIQUIDS
Product
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Acetylene
Alkyl chloride
Ammonia
Benzene
1-3 Butadiene
Butane
1-Butene
2-Butene
n- Butyl formate
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Cyclopropane
11 Dischloroethylene
Dimethyl 22 butane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl bromide
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl formate
Gasoline (octane 60)
Heptane
Hexane
Hydrogen
Isobutane
Isopropyl Ether
Methane
Methanol
Methyl acetate
Methylamine
Methyl butene
Methyl chloride
Methyl formate
Pentane
Propane
Propylene
Vinyl chloride
Boiling
Point F
(1)
Flash
Point F
(2)
AutoIgnition F
(3)
70
133
119
113
28
176
24
32
20
34
225
115
310
27.4
99
121
127
173
101
54
152
56.4
94
130
-45
734
-36
209
156.2
422
11
154.4
-263
151
135
19.4
87.4
-11
89.6
97
-44
-54.4
0
36
0
--25
-12
----64
22
--5
54
-55
-58
-<0
-49
-4
536
1.5
853
25
7
---18
-52
14
-< 20
--2
< -40
----
365
1,000
571
737
1,204
1,044
804
761
723
615
612
212
1,128
928
856
797
959
793
952
966
842
804
356
851
1
8
1
433
453
1,085
864
830
999
867
935
806
-1,170
853
588
871
770
882
Flammability Limit
in Air Volume % (4)
Lean
4.1
2.6
2.5
3.3
16
1.4*
2
1.9
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.3
12.5
2.4
5.6
1.2
3
4.3
6.7
3.8
3.1
3
1.9
2.7
7.6
11.6
7.4
1.2
1.2
4
1.8
1.4
5.3
7.3
3.1
4.9
-10.7
5.9
1.5
2.2
2.4
4
Rich
55
12.8
81
11.1
25
7.1
11.5
8.5
9.3
9.7
8
44
74
10.4
11.4
7
12.5
19
11.3
15.4
32
100
48
13.5
11.6
-11.6
6
7.5
75
8.4
21
14
35
16
20.7
-17.4
20
7.8
10
10.3
22
Max.
Oxygen
Content
Vol. % (5)
12
11.6
-12.6
15
11.2
10.4
12.1
11.4
11.7
12.4
5.4
5.6
11.7
10
12.1
11
10.6
14
13
10
--10.4
---11.6
11.9
5
12
10
12.1
9.7
10.9
10.7
11.4
15
10.1
12.1
11.4
11.5
9
1. Boiling point temperature at standard atmospheric pressure.

2. Flash point minimum temperature at which the vapors of a combustible liquid will be ignited by
a flame in certain experimental conditions.
3. Auto-ignition temperature: minimum temperature at which a product will spontaneously oxidize in air.
4. Flammability limit: volume percentage of combustible gas in air such that below the lean limit or
above the rich limit, the mixture is non-flammable.
5. Maximum oxygen content: oxygen percentage in a combustible gas mixture below which the mixture
is non-flammable at 212 F.
oxidize in air.
ch the mixture
FLASH FROM SATURATED PRESSURIZED LIQUIDS
*Flash gas as a percentage of liquid after depressurization to atmospheric pressure.

Flash gas as a percentage of saturated pressurized liquid.
Example: Estimate how much vapor is released when 1000 gallons of liquid nitrogen at 80 psig is withdrawn
from a vessel into a transport trailer at atmospheric pressure.
Solution: From the chart above, using the lower line with the storage tank pressure of 80 psig, the vapor
released is 18% of the liquid discharged.
80 psig is withdrawn
0 psig, the vapor
GAS TURBINE CAPACITY TABLE
Manufacturer
Model
ABB
ABB
ABB
ABB
ABB
ABB
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
General Electric
Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney
Siemens
Siemens
Siemens
Solar Mars
Westinghouse
Westinghouse
Westinghouse
Westinghouse
GT 35
GT 10
GT 8C
GT11N
GT 13D
GT 11N2
LM1600PA
LM2500
PG5371PA
LM2500+
LM5000
LM6000
PG6541B
PG6101FA
PG7111EA
PG7161EC
PG9171E
FT 8
FT 8 Twin
V64.3A
V84.2
V84.3A
100S
251B12
Trent
501D5A
501F
Simple Cycle
Combined Cycle
kw
Output
kw
Output
16,900
24,630
52,800
83,800
97,700
109,300
13,425
22,800
26,300
27,040
34,450
36,970
38,340
70,150
83,500
116,000
123,400
25,420
51,100
70,000
106,180
170,000
10,695
47,680
48,690
119,200
162,410
Heat Rate MMbtu

btu/kw
Input
10,670
9,970
9,920
10,370
10,564
9,977
9,560
9,273
11,990
9,330
9,180
8,795
10,880
9,980
10,480
9,890
10,100
8,950
8,905
9,270
10,120
8,980
10,505
10,670
8,570
9,910
9,660
180.3
245.6
523.8
869
1032.1
1090.5
128.3
211.4
315.3
252.3
316.3
325.2
417.1
700.1
875.1
1147.2
1246.3
227.5
455
648.9
1074.5
1526.6
112.4
508.7
417.3
1181.3
1568.9
22,800
35,500
77,700
125,400
147,100
163.8
18,700
30,900
38,700
38,480
44,600
53,000
59,200
108,400
128,700
177,800
188,400
32,280
65,310
101,000
151,000
254,000
28,700
69,800
61,788
168,070
236,200
Heat Rate Mmbtu

btu/kw
Input
7,880
6,755
6,640
6,825
6,920
6,550
6,870
6,850
8,146
6,637
7,094
6,620
7,020
6,440
6,800
6,460
6,610
7,010
6,930
6,230
6,625
6,890
7,750
7,230
6,778
7,024
6,425
179.7
239.8
515.9
855.9
1,017.9
1,072.9
128.5
211.7
315.3
255.4
316.4
350.9
415.6
698.1
875.2
1,148.6
1,245.3
226.3
452.6
629.2
1,000.4
1,750.1
222.4
504.7
418.8
1,180.5
1,517.6
Base Steam,
KPPH
240#
Satt
60.5
108.0
234.6
397.2
466.6
490.0
53.1
92.2
143.4
100.7
259.9
132.9
193.2
330.7
399.8
517.2
707.8
85.0
190.0
296.8
512.3
602.9
48.9
233.0
145.0
530.0
750.0
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
This information is for preliminary estimating only. Accurate estimations require a detailed set of site conditions.
Simple cycle
output
is at ISO
conditions
no HRSG
andgeneration
with DLN burner
technology
where available.
Combined
cycle
kw output
is using
most with
favorable
steram
conditions
for equipment.
ISO conditions and inlet and
drops of 4.0 and 10 inches respectively.
Some machines can use water or steam injection for NO x control or power augmentation. Such injection may
substantially alter the kw output.

5. Base steam is at GTG base rate, open cycle, open cycle, with no supplemental firing for two points only for illustration.
Most any combination of pressure and temperature is available.
Remarks:
1. 50 Hz configuration is available with no appreciable change in KW output.

2. This turbine can be steam or water injected for additional power output and/or NO x control.
3. 50 Hertz only.
4. This turbine burns heavy fuel oil only.
Base Steam,
KPPH
Remarks
600#
600F
42.0
98.0
200.0
335.9
390.0
430.0
44.3
79.0
119.6
84.6 1
238.0
109.5
168.8
293.9
343.8
450.0
621.7
67.0
134.0
260.0
442.9
589.1
40.8
200.0
110.0
450.0
660.0
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
2
3, 4
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
2, 3
1
1
1
1, 2
2
2
1
2
2
site conditions.
vailable.
SO
conditions and inlet and outlet
injection may
nts only for illustration.
VAPOR RELEASE LIQUID HYDROGEN CHART
PRESSURE DROP IN PIPE (AIR)

Cfm of Compressed air
at:
60F and
60F and
14.7 psia
100 psig
1
0.128
2
0.256
3
0.384
4
0.153
5
0.641
6
0.769
8
1.025
10
1.282
15
1.922
20
2.563
25
3.204
30
3.845
35
4.486
40
5.126
45
5.767
50
6.408
60
7.69
70
8.971
80
10.25
90
11.53
100
12.82
125
16.02
150
19.22
175
22.43
200
25.63
225
28.84
250
32.04
275
35.24
300
38.45
325
41.65
350
44.87
375
48.06
400
51.26
425
54.47
450
57.67
475
60.88
500
64.08
550
70.49
600
76.9
650
83.3
700
89.71
750
96.12
800
102.5
850
108.9
900
115.3
950
121.8
Air pressure drop in pounds per square inch per 100 feet of Schedule 40 pipe for
air at 100 psig and 60F
1/4"
0.018
0.285
0.605
1.04
1.58
2.23
3.89
5.96
13
22.8
3/8"
0.064
0.133
0.226
0.343
0.408
0.848
1.26
2.73
4.76
7.34
10.5
14.2
18.4
23.1
2-1/2"
0.019
0.023
0.029
0.044
0.062
0.083
0.107
0.134
0.164
0.191
0.232
0.27
0.313
0.119
0.134
0.151
0.168
0.187
0.206
0.248
0.293
0.342
0.395
0.451
0.513
0.576
0.642
0.715
3"
0.021
0.028
0.036
0.045
0.055
0.666
0.078
0.09
0.104
1/2"
0.02
0.042
0.071
0.106
0.148
0.255
0.356
0.334
1.43
2.21
3.15
4.24
5.49
6.9
8.49
12.2
16.5
21.4
27
3/4"
0.027
0.037
0.062
0.094
0.201
0.345
0.526
0.748
1
1.3
1.62
1.99
2.85
3.83
4.96
6.25
7.69
11.9
17
23.1
30
1"
0.019
0.029
0.062
0.102
0.156
0.219
0.293
0.379
0.474
0.578
0.819
1.1
1.43
1.8
2.21
3.39
4.87
6.6
8.54
10.8
13.3
16
19
22.3
25.8
29.6
33.6
37.9
1-1/4"
0.026
0.039
0.055
0.073
0.095
0.116
0.149
0.2
0.27
0.35
0.437
0.534
0.825
1.17
1.58
2.05
2.59
3.18
3.83
4.65
5.32
6.17
7.05
8.02
9.01
10.2
11.3
12.5
15.1
18
21.1
24.3
27.9
31.8
35.9
40.2
1-1/2"
0.019
0.026
0.035
0.044
0.555
0.067
0.094
0.126
0.162
0.203
0.247
0.38
0.537
0.727
0.937
1.19
1.45
1.75
2.07
2.42
2.8
3.2
3.64
4.09
4.59
5.09
5.61
6.79
8.04
9.43
10.9
12.6
14.2
16
18
20
2"
0.019
0.027
0.036
0.046
0.058
0.07
0.107
0.151
0.205
0.264
0.331
0.404
0.484
0.573
0.673
0.776
0.887
1
1.13
1.26
1.4
1.55
1.87
2.21
2.6
3
3.44
3.9
4.4
4.91
5.47
1,000
1,100
1200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,800
2,000
128.2
141
153.8
166.6
179.4
192.2
205.1
203.7
256.3
0.788
0.948
1.13
1.32
1.52
1.74
1.97
2.5
3.06
22.1
26.7
31.8
37.3
6.06
7.29
8.63
10.1
11.8
13.5
15.3
19.3
23.9
MINIMUM SAFE DISTANCE FOR LIQUID HYDROGEN

(4)
Minimum Distance (ft) from Liquefied Hydrogen Systems to Exposures
Total Liquefied Hydrogen Storage
(cap in gal)
Type of Exposure
Building Structure
(a)
Wall(s) adjacent to
system constructed of
noncombustible or
limited-combustible
materials.
39.633,500
Sprinklered
building/stru
cture or
unsprinklere
d
building/stru
cture having
noncombusti
-1 ble contents. 5(1,3)
Unsprinklere
d
building/stru
cture with
combustible
contents.
Adjacent
wall(s) with
fireresistance
rating less
than 3
-2 hours(2)
Adjacent
wall(s) with
fireresistance
rating of 3
hours or
(2)
greater
Wall(s) adjacent
to
(b)
350115,000
15,00175,000
5(1,3)
5(1,3)
25
50
75
50
50
50
system constructed of
combustible materials
Sprinklered
building/stru
-1 cture
Unsprinklere
d
building/stru
-2 cture
2 Wall openings
(a)
Openable
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Unopena
All
of
and for
Air
compressor
intakes, inlets
(b) classes
bleflammable
combustible
liquids
(above ground
air-conditioning
or ventilating
and
vent or fill openings if below
equipment
ground) (See NFPA 50B, 5-1.3)
Exception: Distances may be
reduced to 15 ft for Class IIIB
combustible liquids
Between stationary liquefied
hydrogen containers
hydrogen)
Liquid oxygen storage and other
oxidizers (See NFPA 50B, 5-1.3)
Combustible solids
Open flames and welding
Places of public assembly
lines
12 Protective structures
5(3)
50
75
100
75
75
75
25
50
50
75
75
75
50
75
100
5
50
5
75
5
75
75
50
50
75
25
75
75
50
75
50
75
100
50
75
75
5(3)
5(3)
Portions of wall less than 10 ft (measured horizontally) from any part

1
1 of a system shall have a fire resistance rating of at least /2 hour.
2 Exclusive
of windows
and doors.
Where protective
structures
are provided, ventilation and
confinement
of
product
shall
be and
considered.
Thereduced
5-ft distance
The distances in Nos. 1,2,6,7,8
11 may be
wherein Nos.
3 1
and
12
facilitates
maintenance
and
enhances
ventilation.
protective structures have a minimum fire resistance rating of two
hours interrupt the line of sight between uninsulated portions of the
4 liquefied hydrogen storage system and the exposure.
MINIMUM SAFE DISTANCE FOR LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS

Safe distance from:
ASME Containers
0 to 500 gal w.c. 501 to 1000 gal w.c.
Central A/C compressor (any electrical service)
10 feet
15 feet
Perimeter of the building
10 feet
15 feet
10 feet *
15 feet
Nearest line of adjoining property
* LP-gas container(s) of 500 gallon aggregate capacity or less in vapor service is exempt from adjoining
property line requirements.
Note: Proximity of power lines cannot reach vessel if broken.
MINIMUM SAFE DISTANCE FOR LIQUID OXYGEN

Minimum Distance (ft) from Bulk Oxygen Systems to Exposures
Type of Exposure
Building structures
*a) 'Wood frame construction
*b) 'Other than wood frame construction

c) 'Confining areas
Wall openings
All classes of flammable and combustible liquid storage
a) 'Above-ground storage
0 to 1000 gallons
>1000 gallons
Distance may be
reduced to 15 ft for
Class III b combustible
liquids
b) Below ground storage
Horizontal: Distance
between tanks
Distance between O2
and tank openings
Flammable gases above ground
a) Liquified hydrogen
b) Other liquified gases

0 to 1000 gallons
>1000 gallons
Non-liquified or
c) dissolved gases
0 to 25,000 scf
>25,000 scf
Rapid burning solid materials (paper, excelsior,etc.)
Slow burning solid materials (coal, heavy timber)
Place of public assembly
Piping outlets and vent/fill connections from areas occupied by non-ambulatory patients
Public sidewalks or parked vehicles
Nearest property line
*These distances do not apply where protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of two hours
interrupt the line-of-sight between uninsulated portions of the bulk oxygen storage installation and the
exposure. In such cases, the minimum distance required should be that required for system maintenance.
For SI units: 1 ft = 0.305M; 1 gallon = 3.785 L
Total
Line of
Sight
Distance
50 ft
1 ft
75ft/35ft
10 ft
25 ft
50 ft
15 ft
25 ft
75 ft
25 ft
50 ft
25 ft
50 ft
50 ft
25 ft
50 ft
50 ft
10 ft
5 ft
REFRIGERATION CONVERSION FACTORS

Refrigeration
1 ton (US ) comm
1 ton (British) comm
1 frigorie/hr
Btu(IT)/min
200
223.08
0.06609
Btu (IT)/hr
12,000
13,385
3.9657
kg cal/hr
ton (US)
comm
3,025.9
1
3,375.2
1.1154
1 0.0003305
ton (Brit)
frigorie/hr
comm
0.8965
3,025.9
1
3,375.2
0.0002963
1
The Btu here is the International Steam Table Btu (IT). However, 1 frigorie = 1 kg cal (NOT IT)
One ton of refrigeration is the heat required to melt one ton (2,000 lbs) of ice at 32 F to water at 32 F
during a continuous 24-hour period.
REFRIGERATION VALUES TO +40 F FOR EXPENDABLE REFRIGERANTS
Refrigerant
Refrigerant
Temp F
Pressure
psia
Latent Heat
Btu/Lb
Ice (H2O) (melting)

Liquid CO2 (flashed to snow)
Dry Ice (subliming)
32
109
109
14.7
14.7
14.7
144
113.0*
246.3
Sensible
Heat
Btu/Lb
8
29.8
29.8
Total Heat
Btu/Lb
152
149.8
276.1
Water Ice (H2O) has a liquid residue while the other refrigerants are converted to the gas phase.
CO2 snow is flashed from liquid CO2 at 314.7 psia storage pressure. Snow yield is 46% by weight.
Liquid carbon dioxide is stored at zero degrees and maintained at zero degrees by a mechanical
refrigerator. This permits storage of liquid carbon dioxide without loss.
Dry ice pellets are manufactured by compressing CO 2 snow in an extrusion machine.
*This latent heat value is Btu per pound of liquid CO 2
NITROGEN REFRIGERATION CONVERSION FACTORS
PSIG
Refrigerant
Temp F
Pressure
psia
Latent Heat
Btu/Lb
0 at 1 atm
15 at 30 psia
26 at 40 psia
36 at 50 psia
56 at 70 psia
320.4
308.6
303.2
298.7
291.3
14.7
30
40
50
70
85.4
81.5
79.8
77.7
74.7
Sensible
Heat
Btu/Lb
90.8
88.9
87.9
87.4
86.4
Total Heat
Btu/Lb
176.2
170.4
167.7
165.1
161.5
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (ENGLISH)
Liquid Phase
Substance
Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Ozone
Air
Carbon Monoxide
Water
Hydrogen Sulfide
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
Ammonia
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene (Ethene)
Acetylene
Propane
Propylene
Methanol
a
Sublimation point
Chem.
Symbol
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
H2
N2
O2
O3
-CO
H2O
H2S
SO2
CO2
NH3
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
C3H8
C3H6
CH3OH
Sublimation Enthalpy
Triple point
Boiling point
Mol.
Weight
4.00
20.18
39.95
83.80
131.30
2.02
28.01
32.00
47.99
28.98
28.01
18.02
34.08
64.06
44.01
17.03
16.04
30.07
28.05
26.04
44.10
42.08
32.04
Liquid @ B.P. & @ 1 atm

Specific
Gravity
Water = 1
0.124
1.207
1.4
2.41
3.06
0.071
0.808
1.14
1.352
0.873
0.79
0.95855
0.9136
1.46
1.18c
0.6819
0.425
0.546
0.567
0.613
0.58
0.61
0.795
Specific
Heat (Cp)
BTU/lb-F
1.086
0.4483
0.2575
0.1273
0.08121
2.309
0.4877
0.4058
-0.4454
-1.007
----0.8314
-----0.6055
Boiling
Point
@ 1 atm
Temp. F
-452.06
-410.9
-302.6
-244
-162.6
-423
-320.4
-297.3
-168.3
-317.8
-312.7
212
-76.4
14
-109.3a
-28
-258.68
-127.53
-154.8
-118.4a
-43.67
-53.9
148.2
Latent
Heat of
Vaporiz.
BTU/lb
8.72
37.08
69.8
46.2
41.4
191.7
85.6
91.7
6530
88.2
92.79
970.6
235.6
167.5
245.5b
589.3
219.22
210.41
208
264c
183.05
188.18
473
Gaseous Phase
Gas @ 32F & @1 atm
Specific Gr.
(Air = 1)
0.139
0.701
1.39
2.887
4.55
0.06998
0.9737
1.113
1.656
1
0.9736
-1.198
2.279
1.524
0.6003
0.559
1.056
0.978
0.906
1.573
1.481
--
Specific
Heat (Cp)
BTU/l F
Density
lb/cu. ft
Triple Point
Conditions
Temp. F
1.25
0.01114 NONE
0.25 0.05621 -415.4
0.125
0.11135 -308.8
0.06
0.2315 -251.3
0.038
0.365 -169.2
3.425 0.005611 -434.6
0.249 0.07807
-346
0.2197 0.089212 -361.8
9.41
-- -314.5
10.241 0.08018 -352.1
0.2478 0.07806 -337.1
0.8784d
0.0368d
32
0.245 0.09608
-0.149 0.18272 -103.9
0.199 0.12341
-69.9
0.52 0.04813 -107.9
0.593
0.0448 -296.5
0.386 0.08469 -297.9
0.399 0.07868 -272.5
0.383 0.07314
-116
0.388
0.1261
-0.355 0.11249
-d
0.3274
49.44
-143.4
Pressure
psia
Critical Point Properti

Temp.
NONE
-450.31
6.29
-379.8
9.99
-188.1
10.6
-82.8
11.84
61.9
1.045 -399.93
1.81
-232.4
0.02147 -181.43
1.65
10.13
--221.1
2.2
-220.4
0.088 705.182
-212.9
0.2429
315.4
75.1
87.9
0.88
271.4
1.69 -115.78
14.7
86.96
1.0146
49.82
17.7
96.8
-206.01
-197.2
-464.1
Critical Point Properties
Thermal
Conductivity
@ 80 F
Pressure
psia
BTU/ft h F
33.0
384.9
711.5
798.0
847.0
190.8
493.0
731.4
808.1
547.0
507.5
3,200.5
1,306.5
1,143.0
1,070.6
1,657.0
673.1
708.4
745.0
907.0
616.3
670.0
1,154.2
Density
lb/cu ft
4.347
30.15
33.44
56.7
68.67
1.88
19.6
27.22
33.71
21.9
18.79
20.1
21.6
32.6
29.2
14.7
10.09
12.67
14.2
14.4
13.5
14.5
16.981
0.0906
0.01385
0.01035
0.0055
0.00317
0.1081
0.01503
0.0152
-0.0151
0.01445
0.01081
0.0844
0.00555
0.00971
0.0141
0.0197
0.0123
0.0119
0.0124
0.0104
0.0104
0.0081
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (METRIC)

Substance
Chem.
Symbol
Mol.
Liquid Phase
Boiling Point
Gaseous Phase
Weight
Liquid @ B.P., & @ 101.325

kPa
@ 101.325 kPa
Gas @ 0 C &
@ 101.325 kPa
Specific
Gravity
Wate r=1
Specific
Heat
Cp
Temp.
kJ/kg C
Latent
Specific
Gravity
Specific
Heat
Cp
Air = 1
kJ/kg C
Heat of
Vaporization
kJ/kg
Helium
He
0.124
4.545
-268.9
20.28
0.139
Neon
Ne
20.18
1.207
1.877
-246
86.3
0.701
1.05
Argon
Ar
39.95
1.4
1.078
-185.9
162.3
1.39
0.523
Krypton
Kr
83.8
2.41
0.533
-153.4
107.5
2.887
0.251
Xenon
Xe
131.3
3.06
0.34
-108.2
96.3
4.55
0.269
Hydrogen
H2
2.02
0.071
9.668
-252.8
446
0.06998
14.34
Nitrogen
N2
28.01
0.808
2.042
-195.8
199.1
0.9737
1.04
Oxygen
O2
32
1.14
1.669
-182.96
213
1.113
0.9191
Ozone
O3
47.99
1.352 --
-111.3
151.9
1.656
39.37
Air
Carbon
Monoxide
--
28.98
0.873
-194.3
205
1.01
CO
28.01
215.8
0.9736
Water
Hydrogen
Sulfide
Sulfur
Dioxide
Carbon
Dioxide
H2O
18.02
H2S
34.08
0.9136 --
-60.2
547.83
1.198
0.147
SO2
64.06
1.46 --
-10
389.3
2.279
0.622
CO2
44.01 1.18c
--
-78.5
571.3
1.539
0.85
Ammonia
NH3
17.03
0.6819 --
-33.3
1371
0.6003
2.191
Methane
CH4
16.04
0.425
-161.49
509.91
0.559
2.207
Ethane
Ethylene
(Ethene)
C2H6
30.07
0.546 --
-88.63
489.41
1.056
1.715
C2H4
28.05
0.567 --
-103.8
484
0.978
1.516
Acetylene
C2H2
26.04
0.613 --
0.906
1.6
Propane
C3H8
44.1
0.58 --
-42.04
425.77
1.573
1.625
Propylene
C3H6
42.08
0.61 --
-47.72
437.71
1.481
Methanol
CH3OH
32.04
1.865
0.79 -0.95855
0.795
-191.5
4.216
3.481
100
2256.9 --
-83.3 614.0c
2.533
Sublimation point b Sublimation Enthalpy c Triple point d Boiling point
148.2
473 --
5.19
1.037
2.0418d
1.486
0.3274
Gaseous Phase
Triple Point
Critical Point
Thermal
Conductivity
Gas @ 0 C &
@ 101.325 kPa
Density
Temp.
Pressure
Temp.
Pressure
Density
@ 300 K
kg/m3
kPa abs
kPa abs
kg/m3
W/m K
0.17585 NONE
-267.9
227
69.64
0.1567
0.9004
-248.6
43.4
-228.8
2654
483
0.0498
1.7837
-199.3
68.9
-122.3
4905
535.6
0.0179
3.708
-157.4
73.2
-63.8
55402
908
0.0095
5.85
-111.8
81.6
16.6
5840
1100
0.0055
0.08988
-259.2
7.205
-239.96
1315
30.12
0.1869
1.2506
-210
12.5
-146.9
3399
314.9
0.026
1.429
-218.8
0.148
-188.57
5043
436.1
0.0263
-192.5
11.4
-12.15
55.73
540 --
-140.6
3771
351
--
NONE
1.2929
-213.4 --
1.2504
-205.1
15.2
-140.2
3499
301
0.025
0.01
101.9
373.99
22064
322
0.0187
100.5
9008
346
0.0146
7866.9
520
0.0096
.58958d
1.539 --
0.089d
--
0.0262
2.9269
-75.5
1.675
157.4
1.9769
-56.6
517.3
31.1
7382
468
0.0168
0.771
-77.7
6.1
133
11350
235
0.0244
0.717
-182.5
11.65
-82.1
4640.86
161.63
0.0341
1.3566
-183.3
101.325
32.2
4883.9
161.63
0.0213
1.2604
-169.2
0.1014
9.9
5041
203
0.0205
1.1716
-82.2
122
36
6250
228
0.0214
2.02 --
--
96.672
4249.24
216.25
0.018
1.769 --
--
91.77
4619.49
232.27
0.014
-143.4 --
464.1
1154.2
16.981
0.014
PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS
Art Montemayor
March 12, 2003

Rev: 0
Saturated Steam Properties
STEAM TABLE (SATURATION: PRESSURE)

Abs.
Press.
Temp.
Lb/Sq In
Fahr.
p
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
14.696
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
t
101.74
126.08
141.48
152.97
162.24
170.06
176.85
182.86
188.28
193.21
212.00
213.03
227.96
240.07
250.33
259.28
267.25
274.44
281.01
287.07
292.71
297.97
302.92
307.60
312.03
316.25
320.27
324.12
327.81
Specific Volume
Sat.
Liquid
vf
0.01614
0.01623
0.0163
0.01636
0.0164
0.01645
0.01649
0.01653
0.01656
0.01659
0.01672
0.01672
0.01683
0.01692
0.01701
0.01708
0.01715
0.01721
0.01727
0.01732
0.01738
0.01743
0.01748
0.01753
0.01757
0.01761
0.01766
0.0177
0.01774
Sat.
Vapor
vg
333.6
173.73
118.71
90.63
73.52
61.98
53.64
47.34
42.4
38.42
26.8
26.29
20.089
16.303
13.746
11.898
10.498
9.401
8.515
7.787
7.175
6.655
6.206
5.816
5.472
5.168
4.896
4.652
4.432
Enthalpy
Sat.
Liquid
hf
69.70
93.99
109.37
120.86
130.13
137.96
144.76
150.79
156.22
161.17
180.07
181.11
196.16
208.42
218.82
227.91
236.03
243.36
250.09
256.30
262.09
267.50
272.61
277.43
282.02
286.39
290.56
294.56
298.40
Evap.
hfg
1,036.3
1,022.2
1,013.2
1,006.4
1,001.0
996.2
992.1
988.5
985.2
982.1
970.3
969.7
960.1
952.1
945.3
939.2
933.7
928.6
924.0
919.6
915.5
911.6
907.9
904.5
901.1
897.8
894.7
891.7
888.8
Entropy
Sat.
Vapor
hg
1,106.0
1,116.2
1,122.6
1,127.3
1,131.1
1,134.2
1,136.9
1,139.3
1,141.4
1,143.3
1,150.4
1,150.8
1,156.3
1,060.6
1,164.1
1,167.1
1,169.7
1,172.0
1,174.1
1,175.9
1,177.6
1,179.1
1,180.6
1,181.9
1,183.1
1,184.2
1,185.3
1,186.2
1,187.2
Sat.
Liquid
sf
0.1326
0.1749
0.2008
0.2198
0.2347
0.2472
0.2581
0.2674
0.2759
0.2835
0.312
0.3135
0.3356
0.3533
0.368
0.3807
0.3919
0.4019
0.411
0.4193
0.427
0.4342
0.4409
0.4472
0.4531
0.4587
0.4641
0.4692
0.474
Page 90 of 103
Evap.
sfg
1.8456
1.7451
1.6855
1.6427
1.6094
1.582
1.5586
1.5383
1.5203
1.5041
1.4446
1.4415
1.3962
1.3606
1.3313
1.3063
1.2844
1.265
1.2474
1.2316
1.2168
1.2032
1.1906
1.1787
1.1676
1.1571
1.1471
1.1376
1.1286
Internal Energy
Sat.
Vapor
sg
1.9782
1.92
1.8863
1.8625
1.8441
1.8292
1.8167
1.8057
1.7962
1.7876
1.7566
1.7549
1.7319
1.7139
1.6993
1.687
1.6763
1.6669
1.6585
1.6509
1.6438
1.6374
1.6315
1.6259
1.6207
1.6158
1.6112
1.6068
1.6026
Sat.
Liquid
sf
69.7
93.98
109.36
120.85
130.12
137.94
144.74
150.77
156.19
161.14
180.02
181.06
196.1
208.34
218.73
227.8
235.9
243.22
249.93
256.12
261.9
267.29
272.38
277.19
281.76
286.11
290.27
294.25
298.08
Sat.
Vapor
sg
1,044.3
1,051.9
1,056.7
1,060.2
1,063.1
1,065.4
1,067.4
1,069.2
1,070.8
1,072.2
1,077.5
1,077.8
1,081.9
1,085.1
1,087.8
1,090.1
1,092.0
1,093.7
1,095.3
1,096.7
1,097.9
1,099.1
1,100.2
1,101.2
1,102.1
1,102.9
1,103.7
1,104.5
1,105.2
WorkSheet: Steam @ Sat'd. Pressure
Art Montemayor
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,206
334.77
341.25
347.32
353.02
358.42
363.53
368.41
373.06
377.51
381.79
400.95
417.33
431.72
444.59
456.28
467.01
476.94
486.21
494.90
503.10
510.86
518.23
525.26
531.98
538.43
544.61
556.31
567.22
577.46
587.10
596.23
635.82
668.13
695.36
705.40
March 12, 2003

Rev: 0
Saturated Steam Properties

0.01782
0.01789
0.01796
0.01802
0.01809
0.01815
0.01822
0.01827
0.01833
0.01839
0.01865
0.0189
0.01913
0.0193
0.0195
0.0197
0.0199
0.0201
0.0203
0.0205
0.0207
0.0209
0.021
0.0212
0.0214
0.0216
0.022
0.0223
0.0227
0.0231
0.0235
0.0257
0.0287
0.0346
0.0503
4.049
3.728
3.455
3.22
3.015
2.834
2.675
2.532
2.404
2.288
1.8438
1.5433
1.326
1.1613
1.032
0.9278
0.8424
0.7698
0.7083
0.6554
0.6092
0.5687
0.5327
0.5006
0.4717
0.4456
0.4001
0.3619
0.3293
0.3012
0.2765
0.1878
0.1307
0.0858
0.0503
305.66
312.44
318.81
324.82
330.51
335.93
341.09
346.03
350.79
355.36
3,760.00
393.84
409.69
424.00
437.20
449.40
460.80
471.60
481.80
491.50
500.80
509.70
518.30
526.60
534.60
542.40
557.40
571.70
585.40
598.70
611.60
671.70
730.60
802.50
902.70
883.2
877.9
872.9
868.2
863.6
859.2
854.9
850.8
846.8
843.0
825.1
809.0
794.2
780.5
767.4
755.0
743.1
731.6
720.5
709.7
699.2
688.9
678.8
668.8
659.1
649.4
630.4
611.7
593.2
574.7
556.3
463.4
360.5
217.8
0.0
1,188.9
1,190.4
1,191.7
1,193.0
1,194.1
1,195.1
1,196.0
1,196.9
1,197.6
1,198.4
1,201.1
1,202.8
1,203.9
1,204.5
1,204.6
1,204.4
1,203.9
1,203.2
1,202.3
1,201.2
1,200.0
1,198.6
1,197.1
1,195.4
1,193.7
1,191.8
1,187.8
1,183.4
1,178.6
1,173.4
1,167.9
1,135.1
1,091.1
1,020.3
902.7
0.4832
0.4916
0.4995
0.5069
0.5138
0.5204
0.5266
0.5325
0.5381
0.5435
0.5675
0.5879
0.6056
0.6214
0.6356
0.6487
0.6608
0.672
0.6826
0.6925
0.7019
0.7108
0.7194
0.7275
0.7355
0.743
0.7575
0.7711
0.784
0.7963
0.8082
0.8619
0.9126
0.9731
1.058
Page 91 of 103
1.1117
1.0962
1.0817
1.0682
1.0556
1.0436
1.0324
1.0217
1.0116
1.0018
0.9588
0.9225
0.891
0.863
0.8378
0.8147
0.7934
0.7734
0.7548
0.7371
0.7204
0.7045
0.6891
0.6744
0.6602
0.6467
0.6205
0.5956
0.5719
0.5491
0.5269
0.423
0.3197
0.1885
0
1.5948
1.5878
1.5812
1.5751
1.5694
1.564
1.559
1.5542
1.5497
1.5453
1.5263
1.5104
1.4966
1.4844
1.4734
1.4634
1.4542
1.4454
1.4374
1.4296
1.4223
1.4153
1.4085
1.402
1.3957
1.3897
1.378
1.3667
1.3559
1.3454
1.3351
1.2849
1.2322
1.1615
1.058
305.3
312.05
318.38
324.35
330.01
335.39
340.52
345.42
350.15
354.68
375.14
392.79
408.45
422.6
435.5
447.6
458.8
469.4
479.4
488.8
498
506.6
515
523.1
530.9
538.4
552.9
566.7
580
592.7
605.1
662.2
717.3
783.4
872.9
1,106.5
1,107.6
1,108.6
1,109.6
1,110.5
1,111.2
1,111.9
1,112.5
1,113.1
1,113.7
1,115.8
1,117.1
1,118.0
1,118.5
1,118.7
1,118.6
1,118.2
1,117.7
1,117.1
1,116.3
1,115.4
1,114.4
1,113.3
1,112.1
1,110.8
1,109.4
1,106.4
1,103.0
1,099.4
1,095.4
1,091.2
1,065.6
1,030.6
972.7
872.9
WorkSheet: Steam @ Sat'd. Pressure
STEAM TABLE (SATURATION: TEMPERATURE)
Temp.
Abs.
Press.
Fahr.
t
32
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
Lb/Sq In
p
0.08854
0.09995
0.1217
0.14752
0.17811
0.2563
0.3631
0.5069
0.6982
0.9492
1.2748
1.6924
2.2225
2.8886
3.718
4.741
5.992
7.51
9.339
11.526
14.123
14.696
17.186
20.78
24.969
29.825
35.429
41.858
49.203
57.556
67.013
77.68
89.66
103.06
118.01
134.63
153.04
173.37
195.77
220.37
Specific Volume
Sat.
Liquid
vf
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01603
0.01604
0.01606
0.01608
0.0161
0.01613
0.01617
0.0162
0.01625
0.01629
0.01634
0.01639
0.01645
0.01651
0.01657
0.01663
0.0167
0.01672
0.01677
0.01684
0.01692
0.017
0.01709
0.01717
0.01726
0.01735
0.01745
0.01755
0.01765
0.01776
0.01787
0.01799
0.01811
0.01823
0.01836
0.0185
Evap.
vfg
3306
2947
2444
2036.4
1703.2
1206.6
867.8
633.1
468
350.3
265.3
203.25
157.32
122.99
97.06
77.27
62.04
50.21
40.94
33.62
27.8
26.78
23.13
19.365
16.306
13.804
11.746
10.044
8.628
7.444
6.449
5.609
4.896
4.289
3.77
3.324
2.939
2.606
2.317
2.0651
Sat.
Vapor
vg
3306
2947
2444
2036.4
1703.2
1206.7
867.9
633.1
468
350.4
265.4
203.27
157.34
123.01
97.07
77.29
62.06
50.23
40.96
33.64
27.82
26.8
23.15
19.382
16.323
13.821
11.763
10.061
8.645
7.461
6.446
5.626
4.914
4.307
3.788
3.342
2.957
2.625
2.335
2.0836
Enthalpy
Sat.
Liquid
hf
0
3.02
8.05
13.06
18.07
28.06
38.04
48.02
57.99
67.97
77.94
87.92
97.9
107.89
117.89
127.89
137.9
147.92
157.95
167.99
178.05
180.07
188.13
198.23
208.34
218.48
228.64
238.84
249.06
259.31
269.59
279.59
290.28
300.68
311.13
321.63
332.18
342.79
353.45
364.17
Evap.
hfg
1075.8
1074.1
1071.3
1068.4
1065.6
1059.9
1054.3
1048.6
1042.9
1037.2
1031.6
1025.8
1020
1014.1
1008.2
1002.3
996.3
990.2
984.1
977.9
971.6
970.3
965.2
958.8
952.2
945.5
938.7
931.8
924.7
917.5
910.1
902.6
894.9
887
879
870.7
862.2
853.5
844.6
835.4
Entropy
Sat.
Vapor
hg
1075.8
1077.1
1079.3
1081.5
1083.7
1088
1092.3
1096.6
1100.9
1105.2
1109.5
1113.7
1117.9
1122
1126.1
1130.2
1134.2
1138.1
1142
1145.9
1149.7
1150.4
1153.4
1157
1160.5
1164
1167.3
1170.6
1173.8
1176.8
1179.7
1182.5
1185.2
1187.7
1190.1
1192.3
1194.4
1196.3
1198.1
1199.6
Sat.
Liquid
sf
0
0.0061
0.0162
0.0262
0.0361
0.0555
0.0745
0.0932
0.1115
0.1295
0.1471
0.1645
0.1816
0.1984
0.2149
0.2311
0.2472
0.263
0.2785
0.2938
0.309
0.312
0.3239
0.3387
0.3531
0.3675
0.3817
0.3958
0.4096
0.4234
0.4369
0.4504
0.4637
0.4769
0.49
0.5029
0.5158
0.5286
0.5413
0.5539
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
705.4
247.31
276.75
308.83
343.72
381.59
422.6
466.9
514.7
566.1
621.4
680.8
812.4
962.5
1133.1
1325.8
1542.9
1786.6
2059.7
2365.4
2708.1
3093.7
3206.2
0.01864
0.01878
0.01894
0.0191
0.01926
0.0194
0.0196
0.0198
0.02
0.0202
0.0204
0.0209
0.0215
0.0221
0.0228
0.0236
0.0247
0.026
0.0278
0.0305
0.0369
0.0503
1.8447
1.6512
1.4811
1.3308
1.1979
1.0799
0.9748
0.8811
0.7972
0.7221
0.6545
0.5385
0.4434
0.3647
0.2989
0.2432
0.1955
0.1538
0.1165
0.081
0.0392
0
1.8633
1.67
1.5
1.3499
1.2171
1.0993
0.9009
0.9009
0.8172
0.7423
0.6749
0.5594
0.4649
0.3868
0.3217
0.2668
0.2201
0.1798
0.1442
0.1115
0.0761
0.0503
374.97
385.83
396.77
407.79
418.9
430.1
441.4
452.8
464.4
476
487.8
511.9
536.6
562.2
588.9
617
646.7
678.6
714.2
757.3
823.3
902.7
826
816.3
806.3
796
785.4
774.5
763.2
751.5
739.4
726.8
713.9
686.4
656.6
624.2
588.4
548.5
503.6
452
390.2
309.9
172.1
0
1201
1202.1
1203.1
1203.8
1204.3
1204.6
1204.6
1204.3
1203.7
1202.8
1201.7
1198.2
1193.2
1186.4
1177.3
1165.5
1150.3
1130.5
1104.4
1067.2
995.4
902.7
0.5664
0.5788
0.5912
0.6035
0.6158
0.628
0.6402
0.6523
0.6645
0.6766
0.6887
0.713
0.7374
0.7621
0.7872
0.8131
0.8398
0.8679
0.8987
0.9351
0.9905
1.058
Entropy
Evap.
sfg
2.1877
2.1709
2.1435
2.1167
2.0903
2.0393
1.9902
1.9428
1.8972
1.8531
1.8106
1.7694
1.7296
1.691
1.6537
1.6174
1.5822
1.548
1.5147
1.4824
1.4508
1.4446
1.4201
1.3901
1.3609
1.3323
1.3043
1.2769
1.2501
1.2238
1.198
1.1727
1.1478
1.1233
1.0992
1.0754
1.0519
1.0287
1.0059
0.9832
Sat.
Vapor
sg
2.1877
2.177
2.1597
2.1429
2.1264
2.0948
2.0647
2.036
2.0087
1.9826
1.9577
1.9339
1.9112
1.8894
1.8685
1.8485
1.8293
1.8109
1.7932
1.7762
1.7598
1.7566
1.744
1.7288
1.714
1.6998
1.686
1.6727
1.6597
1.6472
1.635
1.6231
1.6115
1.6002
1.5891
1.5783
1.5677
1.5573
1.5471
1.5371
0.9608
0.9386
0.9166
0.8947
0.873
0.8513
0.8298
0.8083
0.7868
0.7653
0.7438
0.7006
0.6568
0.6121
0.5659
0.5176
0.4664
0.411
0.3485
0.2719
0.1484
0
1.5272
1.5174
1.5078
1.4982
1.4887
1.4793
1.47
1.4606
1.4513
1.4419
1.4325
1.4136
1.3942
1.3742
1.3532
1.3307
1.3062
1.2789
1.2472
1.2071
1.1389
1.058
SUPERHEATED STEAM
Abs. Press
psi & Sat.
Temp.
1
101.74
5
162.24
10
193.21
14.696
212.00
20
227.96
40
267.25
60
292.71
80
312.03
100
327.81
120
341.25
140
353.02
160
363.53
180
373.06
200
Temperature -- Degrees Fahrenheit

v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
200
392.6
1150.4
2.0512
78.16
1148.8
1.8718
38.85
1146.6
1.7927
---------------------------------
300
452.3
1195.8
2.1153
90.25
1195
1.937
45
1193.9
1.8595
30.53
1192.8
1.816
22.36
1191.6
1.7808
11.04
1186.8
1.6994
7.259
1181.6
1.6492
---------------------
400
512
1241.7
2.172
102.26
1241.2
1.9942
51.04
1240.6
1.9172
34.68
1239.9
1.8743
25.43
1239.2
1.8396
12.628
1236.5
1.7608
8.357
1233.6
1.7135
6.22
1230.7
1.6791
4.937
1227.6
1.6518
4.081
1224.4
1.6287
3.468
1221.1
1.6087
3.008
1217.6
1.5908
2.649
1214
1.5745
2.361
1210.3
500
571.6
1288.3
2.2233
114.22
1288
2.0456
57.05
1287.5
1.9689
38.78
1287.1
1.9261
28.46
1286.6
1.8918
14.168
1284.8
1.814
9.403
1283
1.7678
7.02
1281.1
1.7346
5.589
1279.1
1.7085
4.636
1277.2
1.6869
3.954
1275.2
1.6683
3.443
1273.1
1.6519
3.044
1271
1.6373
2.726
1268.9
600
631.2
1335.7
2.2702
126.16
1335.4
2.0927
63.03
1335.1
2.016
42.86
1334.8
1.9734
31.47
1334.4
1.9392
15.688
1333.1
1.8619
10.427
1331.8
1.8162
7.797
1330.5
1.7836
6.218
1329.1
1.7581
5.165
1327.7
1.737
4.413
1326.4
1.719
3.849
1325
1.7033
3.411
1323.5
1.6894
3.06
1322.1
700
690.8
1383.8
2.3137
138.1
1383.6
2.1361
69.01
1383.4
2.0596
46.94
1383.2
2.017
34.47
1382.9
1.9829
17.198
1381.9
1.9058
11.441
1380.9
1.8605
8.562
1379.9
1.8281
6.835
1378.9
1.8029
5.683
1377.8
1.7822
4.861
1376.8
1.7645
4.244
1375.7
1.7491
3.764
1374.7
1.7355
3.38
1373.6
800
750.4
1432.8
2.3542
150.03
1432.7
2.1767
74.98
1432.5
2.1002
51
1432.3
2.0576
37.46
1432.1
2.0235
18.702
1431.3
1.9467
12.449
1430.5
1.9015
9.322
1429.7
1.8694
7.446
1428.9
1.8443
6.195
1428.1
1.8237
5.301
1427.3
1.8063
4.631
1426.4
1.7911
4.11
1425.6
1.776
3.693
1424.8
381.79
220
389.86
240
397.37
260
404.42
280
411.05
300
417.33
350
431.72
400
444.59
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
-----------------------
-----------------------
1.5594
2.125
1206.5
1.5453
1.9276
1202.5
1.5319
----------------
1.624
2.465
1266.7
1.6117
2.247
1264.5
1.6003
2.063
1262.3
1.5897
1.9047
1260
1.5796
1.7675
1257.6
1.5701
1.4923
1251.5
1.5481
1.2851
1245.1
1.5281
1.6767
2.772
1320.7
1.6652
2.533
1319.2
1.6546
2.33
1317.7
1.6447
2.156
1316.2
1.6354
2.005
1314.7
1.6268
1.7036
1310.9
1.607
1.477
1306.9
1.5984
1.7232
3.066
1372.6
1.712
2.804
1371.5
1.7017
2.582
1370.4
1.6922
2.392
1369.4
1.6834
2.227
1368.3
1.6751
1.898
1365.5
1.6563
1.6508
1362.7
1.6398
1.7655
3.352
1424
1.7545
3.068
1423.2
1.7444
2.827
1422.3
1.7352
2.621
1421.5
1.7265
2.442
1420.6
1.7184
2.084
1418.5
1.7002
1.8161
1416.4
1.6842
SUPERHEATED STEAM
Abs. Press
psi & Sat.
Temp.
450
-456.28
500
-467.01
550
-476.94
600
-486.21
700
-503.1
800
-518.23
Temperature -- Degrees Fahrenheit

v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
500
1.1231
1238.4
1.5095
0.9927
1231.3
1.4919
0.8852
1223.7
1.4751
0.7947
1215.7
1.4586
-------
550
1.2155
1272
1.5437
1.08
1266.8
1.528
0.9686
1261.2
1.5131
0.8753
1255.5
1.499
0.7277
1243.2
1.4722
0.6154
1229.8
1.4467
600
1.3005
1302.8
1.5735
1.1591
1298.6
1.5588
1.0431
1294.3
1.5451
0.9463
1289.9
1.5323
0.7934
1280.6
1.5084
0.6779
1270.7
1.4863
620
1.3332
1314.6
1.5845
1.1893
1310.7
1.5701
1.0714
1306.8
1.5568
0.9729
1302.7
1.5443
0.8177
1294.3
1.5212
0.7006
1285.4
1.5
640
1.3652
1326.2
1.5951
1.2188
1322.6
1.581
1.0989
1318.9
1.568
0.9988
1315.2
1.5558
0.8411
1307.5
1.5333
0.7223
1299.4
1.5129
660
1.3967
1337.5
1.6054
1.2478
1334.2
1.5915
1.1259
1330.8
1.5787
1.0241
1327.4
1.5667
0.8639
1320.3
1.5449
0.7433
1312.9
1.525
700
1.4278
1348.8
1.6153
1.2763
1345.7
1.6016
1.1523
1342.5
1.589
1.0489
1339.3
1.5773
0.886
1332.8
1.5559
0.7635
1325.9
1.5366
900
-531.98
1,000
-544.61
1,100
-556.31
1,200
-567.22
1,400
-587.1
1,600
-604.9
1,800
-621.03
2,000
-635.82
2,500
-668.13
3,000
-695.36
3,206
-705.4
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
v
h
s
-------------------------------------------------
0.5264
1215
1.4216
0.4533
1198.3
1.3961
-------------------------------------------
0.5873
1260.1
1.4653
0.514
1248.8
1.445
0.4532
1236.7
1.4251
0.4016
1223.5
1.4052
0.3174
1193
1.3639
----------------------------------
0.6089
1275.9
1.48
0.535
1265.9
1.461
0.4738
1255.3
1.4425
0.4222
1243.9
1.4243
0.339
1218.4
1.3877
0.2733
1187.8
1.3489
-------------------------------
0.6294
1209.9
1.4938
0.5546
1281.9
1.4757
0.4929
1272.4
1.4583
0.441
1262.4
1.4413
0.358
1240.4
1.4079
0.2936
1215.2
1.3741
0.2407
1185.1
1.3377
0.1936
1145.6
1.2945
-------------------------
0.6491
1305.1
1.5066
0.5733
1297
1.4893
0.511
1288.5
1.4728
0.4586
1279.6
1.4568
0.3753
1260.3
1.4258
0.3112
1238.7
1.3952
0.2597
1214
1.3638
0.2161
1184.9
1.33
-------------------------
0.668
1318.8
1.5187
0.5912
1311.4
1.5021
0.5281
1303.7
1.4862
0.4752
1295.7
1.471
0.3912
1278.5
1.4419
0.3271
1259.6
1.4137
0.276
1238.5
1.3855
0.2337
1214.8
1.3564
0.1484
1132.3
1.2687
----------------------
e -- Degrees Fahrenheit
900
809.9
1482.7
2.3923
161.95
1482.6
2.2148
80.95
1482.4
2.1383
55.07
1482.3
2.0958
40.45
1482.1
2.0618
20.2
1481.4
1.985
13.452
1480.8
1.94
10.077
1480.1
1.9079
8.052
1479.5
1.8829
6.702
1478.8
1.8625
5.738
1478.2
1.8451
5.015
1477.5
1.8301
4.452
1476.8
1.8167
4.002
1476.2
1,000
869.5
1533.5
2.4283
173.87
1533.4
2.2509
86.92
1533.2
2.1744
59.13
1533.1
2.1319
43.44
1533
2.0978
21.7
1532.4
2.0212
14.454
1531.9
1.9762
10.83
1531.3
1.9442
8.656
1530.8
1.9193
7.207
1530.2
1.899
6.172
1529.7
1.8817
5.396
1529.1
1.8667
4.792
1528.6
1.8534
4.309
1528
1,100
929.1
1585.2
2.4625
185.79
1585.1
2.2851
92.83
1585
2.2086
63.19
1584.8
2.1662
46.42
1584.7
2.1321
23.2
1584.3
2.0555
15.453
1583.8
2.0106
11.582
1583.4
1.9787
9.259
1582.9
1.9538
7.71
1582.4
1.9335
6.604
1581.9
1.9163
5.775
1581.4
1.9014
5.129
1581
1.8882
4.613
1580.5
1,200
988.7
1637.7
2.4952
197.71
1637.7
2.3178
98.84
1637.6
2.2413
67.25
1637.5
2.1989
49.41
1637.4
2.1648
24.69
1637
2.0883
16.451
1636.6
2.0434
12.332
1636.2
2.0115
9.86
1635.7
1.9867
8.212
1635.3
1.9664
7.035
1634.9
1.9493
6.152
1634.5
1.9344
5.466
1634.1
1.9212
4.917
1633.7
1,400
1107.8
1745.7
2.5566
221.6
1745.7
2.3792
110.77
1745.6
2.3028
75.37
1745.5
2.2603
55.37
1745.4
2.2263
27.68
1745.1
2.1498
18.446
1744.8
2.1049
13.83
1744.5
2.0731
11.06
1744.2
2.0484
9.214
1743.9
2.0281
7.895
1743.5
2.011
6.906
1743.2
1.9962
6.136
1742.9
1.9831
5.521
1742.6
1,600
1227
1857.5
2.6137
245.4
1857.4
2.4363
122.69
1857.3
2.3598
83.48
1857.3
2.3174
61.34
1857.2
2.2834
30.66
1857
2.2069
20.44
1856.7
1.1621
15.325
1856.5
2.1303
12.258
1856.2
2.1056
10.213
1856
2.0854
8.752
1855.7
2.0683
7.656
1855.5
2.0535
6.804
1855.2
2.0404
6.123
1855
1.8048
3.634
1475.5
1.7939
3.327
1474.8
1.7839
3.067
1474.2
1.7748
2.845
1473.5
1.7662
2.652
1472.8
1.7582
2.266
1471.1
1.7403
1.9767
1469.4
1.7247
1.8415
3.913
1527.5
1.8308
3.584
1526.9
1.8209
3.305
1526.3
1.8118
3.066
1525.8
1.8033
2.859
1525.2
1.7954
2.445
1523.8
1.7777
2.134
1522.4
1.7623
1.8763
4.191
1580
1.8656
3.839
1579.6
1.8558
3.541
1579.1
1.8467
3.286
1578.6
1.8383
3.065
1578.1
1.8305
2.622
1577
1.813
2.29
1575.8
1.7977
1.9094
4.467
1633.3
1.8987
4.093
1632.9
1.8889
3.776
1632.5
1.8799
3.504
1632.1
1.8716
3.269
1631.7
1.8638
2.798
1630.7
1.8463
2.445
1629.6
1.8311
1.9713
5.017
1742.3
1.9607
4.597
1742
1.951
4.242
1741.7
1.942
3.938
1741.4
1.9337
3.674
1741
1.926
3.147
1740.3
1.9086
2.751
1739.5
1.8936
900
1.6074
1414.3
1.6699
1.4405
1412.1
1.6571
1.3038
1409.9
1.6452
1.1899
1407.7
1.6343
1.0108
1403.2
1.6147
0.8763
1398.6
1.5972
1000
1.7516
1467.7
1.7108
1.5715
1466
1.6982
1.4241
1464.3
1.6868
1.3013
1462.5
1.6762
1.1082
1459
1.6573
0.9633
1455.4
1.6407
1200
1.8928
1521
1.7486
1.6996
1519.6
1.7363
1.5414
1518.2
1.725
1.4096
1516.7
1.7147
1.2024
1513.9
1.6963
1.047
1511
1.6801
1400
2.17
1628.6
1.8177
1.9504
1627.6
1.8056
1.7706
1626.6
1.7946
1.6208
1625.5
1.7846
1.3853
1623.5
1.7666
1.2088
1621.4
1.751
2.0287
5.565
1854.7
2.0181
5.1
1854.5
2.0084
4.707
1854.2
1.9995
4.37
1854
1.9912
4.078
1853.7
1.9835
3.493
1853.1
1.9663
3.055
1852.5
1.9513
e -- Degrees Fahrenheit
800
1.4584
1359.9
1.625
1.3044
1357
1.6115
1.1783
1354
1.5991
1.0732
1351.1
1.5875
0.9077
1345
1.5665
0.7833
1338.6
1.5476
1600
2.443
1738.7
1.8803
2.197
1737.9
1.8683
1.9957
1737.1
1.8575
1.8279
1736.3
1.8476
1.5641
1734.8
1.8299
1.3662
1733.2
1.8146
2.714
1851.9
1.9381
2.442
1851.3
1.9262
2.219
1850.6
1.9155
2.033
1850
1.9056
1.7405
1848.8
1.8881
1.5214
1847.5
1.8729
0.6863
1332.1
1.5303
0.6084
1325.3
1.5141
0.5445
1318.3
1.4989
0.4909
1311
1.4843
0.4062
1295.5
1.4567
0.3417
1278.7
1.4303
0.2907
1260.3
1.4044
0.2489
1240
1.3783
0.1686
1176.8
1.3073
0.0984
1060.7
1.1966
---0.0306
780.5
0.9515
0.0287
763.8
0.9347
0.0276
753.5
0.9235
0.0268
746.4
0.9152
0.0262
741.3
0.909
0.7716
1393.9
1.5814
0.6878
1389.2
1.567
0.6191
1384.3
1.5535
0.5617
1379.3
1.5409
0.4714
1369.1
1.5177
0.4034
1358.4
1.4964
0.3502
1347.2
1.4765
0.3074
1335.5
1.4576
0.2294
1303.6
1.4127
0.176
1267.2
1.369
0.1583
1250.5
1.3508
0.1364
1224.9
1.3241
0.1052
1174.8
1.2757
0.0798
1113.9
1.2204
0.0593
1047.1
1.1622
0.0463
985
1.1093
0.8506
1451.8
1.6257
0.7604
1448.2
1.6121
0.6866
1444.5
1.5995
0.625
1440.7
1.5879
0.5281
1433.1
1.5666
0.4553
1425.3
1.5476
0.3986
1417.4
1.5301
0.3532
1409.2
1.5139
0.271
1387.8
1.4772
0.2159
1365
1.4439
0.1981
1355.2
1.4309
0.1762
1340.7
1.4127
0.1462
1314.4
1.3827
0.1226
1286.5
1.3529
0.1036
1256.5
1.3231
0.088
1224.1
1.293
0.9262
1508.1
1.6656
0.8294
1505.1
1.1625
0.7503
1502.2
1.6405
0.6843
1499.2
1.6293
0.5805
1493.2
1.6093
0.5027
1487
1.5914
0.4421
1480.8
1.5752
0.3935
1474.5
1.5603
0.3061
1458.4
1.5273
0.2476
1441.8
1.4984
0.2288
1434.7
1.4874
0.2058
1424.5
1.4723
0.1743
1406.8
1.4482
0.15
1388.4
1.4253
0.1303
1369.5
1.4034
0.1143
1349.3
1.3821
1.0714
1619.3
1.7371
0.9615
1617.3
1.7245
0.8716
1615.2
1.713
0.7967
1613.1
1.7025
0.6789
1608.9
1.6836
0.5906
1604.6
1.6669
0.5218
1600.4
1.652
0.4668
1596.1
1.6384
0.3678
1585.3
1.6088
0.3018
1574.3
1.5837
0.2806
1569.8
1.5742
0.2546
1563.3
1.5615
0.2192
1552.1
1.5417
0.1917
1540.8
1.5235
0.1696
1529.5
1.5066
0.1516
1518.2
1.4908
1.2124
1731.6
1.8009
1.0893
1730
1.7886
0.9885
1728.4
1.7775
0.9046
1726.9
1.7672
0.7727
1723.7
1.7489
0.6738
1720.5
1.7328
0.5968
1717.3
1.7185
0.5352
1714.1
1.7055
0.4244
1706.1
1.6775
0.3505
1698
1.654
0.3267
1694.6
1.6452
0.2977
1689.8
1.6336
0.2581
1681.7
1.6154
0.2273
1673.5
1.599
0.2027
1665.3
1.5839
0.1825
1657
1.5699
1.3509
1846.3
1.8595
1.2146
1845
1.8474
1.1031
1843.8
1.8363
1.0101
1842.5
1.8263
0.864
1840
1.8083
0.7545
1837.5
1.7926
0.6693
1835
1.7786
0.6011
1832.5
1.766
0.4784
1826.2
1.7389
0.3966
1819.9
1.7163
0.3703
1817.2
1.708
0.3381
1813.6
1.6968
0.2943
1807.2
1.6795
0.2602
1800.9
1.664
0.2329
1794.5
1.6499
0.2106
1788.1
1.6369
TYPICAL LIQUID CUSTOMER STATION
VGL PARTS DESCRIPTION

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Gas Use Valve with Fitting

Liquid Valve with Fitting
Pressure Building valve
Vent Valve with Fitting
Pressure Building Regulator
Pressure Gauge
Economizer
1
2
3
4
Liquid Valve
Economizer Regulator
Vent Valve
Burst Disc
Dura-Cyl: 400 psig
Dura-Max: 500 psig
Pressure gauge
Pressure Building Regulator
Pressure Building Valve
Liquid Level Gauge
Vacuum Casing Burst Disc
Gas Use Valve
5
7
8
9
10
11

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INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRIAL GAS DATA BOOK

TABLE OF WORKSHEET CONTENTS

Introduction (This Worksheet)

OXYGEN CONVERSION DATA

NITROGEN CONVERSION DATA

A Scf (standard cubic foot) is gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70 F.

ARGON CONVERSION DATA

NEON CONVERSION DATA

A Scf (standard cubic foot) is gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70F.

CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION DATA

A Scf (standard cubic feet) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere and 70 F.

PROPYLENE CONVERSION DATA

Vapor pressure @ 70F and 130 psig

PROPANE CONVERSION DATA

Vapor pressure @ 70F and 120 psig

OZONE CONVERSION DATA

kilograms cubic feet cu meters

CARBON MONOXIDE CONVERSION DATA

A Scf (standard cubic foot) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere absolute and 70 F.

HELIUM CONVERSION DATA

HYDROGEN CONVERSION DATA

Scf (standard cubic foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70F.

KRYPTON CONVERSION DATA

XENON CONVERSION DATA

A Scf (standard cubic foot) of gas is measured at 1 atmosphere and 70 F.

VELOCITY CONVERSION FACTORS

Meters per Second

MISCELLANEOUS CONVERSION FACTORS

Feet of water at 60F

0.4331 Pounds per square inch

0.11982 Parts (Mass) per million

Water (U.S. gallon)

8.3378 Pounds per gallon of water @ 60 oF

Water (cubic foot)

62.371 Pounds per cubic feet of water @ 60 oF

DENSITY CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below:

PRESSURE CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below:

roper factor below:

ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS

SPECIFIC ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below:

POWER CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below:

AREA CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below:

VOLUME CONVERSION FACTORS

LENGTH CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below:

1 micron = 0.001 millimeter

WEIGHT CONVERSION FACTORS

0.0648 -28.35 0.02835

TONNAGE CONVERSION FACTORS*

1 ton gaseous oxygen =

1 ton gaseous nitrogen =

*Based on a 30-day month.

TONNAGE CONVERSION CHART

This table is taken from an Air Liquide

DEWPOINT TO PPM CONVERSION TABLE

Air Products published the following D

Moisture content in pure gases. To co

*At 1 atmosphere pressure.

*10,000 PPM = 1.0%