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by John Buckley
As Canadian
planting approaches,
the government has
offered a preliminary
crop estimate of
approximately four
percent or 700,000
tonnes below the
17.2million tonnes
that it estimated for
2015. The EU crop
outlook this year is
still seen, at best
close to, maybe a
little less than last
years 21.4million
tonnes (although one
forecaster has it at
20.4m).
Prices on the benchmark grain and feed ingredient markets had been eroding further since
our last review, several reaching new five and a to six-year lows. But the latest descent was
much more gradual than in recent months and by mid-March, market leaders wheat, maize and
soyabeans had all begun to show signs of bottoming out. The leading Chicago wheat futures
market even recorded its biggest rally in months. Although its European grain counterparts have
been slower to follow.
Interestingly, some of the broader agri-business sectors have also shown some nascent signs
of recovery, spilling a bit more confidence into the sector as a whole. Shares were reported to be
moving up for the top seed producer Monsanto (recording its biggest weekly rally since 2012)
while those of largest US meat handler (Tyson) and fertiliser supplier CF Industries also rose,
Tyson actually setting a record high.
However, one swallow does not make a summer, nor does one good week in the markets mean
things are on the turn. The rally has to show it has staying power. Even then, there is no evidence
yet of a runaway market in the making to gainsay the opinion expressed in our last review, that
2016 was likely to shape up as another year of cheap grain and feed input costs.
Supporting that theme has been the European Commissions own preliminary view of the
coming years cereal outlook in Europe. Thats headlined by the forecast of another big wheat
crop; perhaps five percent down on last years, but still well above the long-term average, a
similar barley crop to last years and a big rebound in maize production. Amid huge world stocks
of the top traded cereal crops, and assuming no drastic weather upsets in the growing season
ahead. The Commission sees no reason for higher prices in the year ahead; which raises the
question whether these are the type of prices that crop farmers might have to get used to for a
longer haul.
Its all so contrary to what we were led to expect a few years back when the big financial
institutions jumped into farm and other commodities around the time of the global financial
crash. As stock markets melted down, speculators then were looking for investment pastures new
and, along with the US dollar and gold, commodities found themselves playing the role of safe
haven for hot money.
At the same time, a series of crop failures in regions led by the former USSR helped a host of
pundits dust off old theories about the world running out of raw materials. As consumers, we
were told we would have to get used to more expensive commodities as the new normal. How
wrong that turned out to be. Crops rebounded, supplies did keep up and demand growth slowed
in China and other pace-setting economies.
Like that story, the bear market in crop commodities of the past two or three years has
probably got a bit overdone, some commodities maybe oversold. There is also the increasingly
heard, and justified refrain, that farmers growing grains and oilseeds have to make a living too.
Its in no consumers long-term interest if they react to loss-making prices by cutting output.
So what has changed among the fundamentals since our last issue to promote a firmer trend in
the crop futures markets? The answer is, not much.
For a start, world wheat production for the current season is estimated about 3m tonnes lower
than in January, thanks to mainly to smaller crop forecasts for India and Australia. But the US
Agriculture Departments monthly forecasts have also cut consumption by a far larger seven
million tonnes, mainly due to two years of downward revisions to estimates of wheat use in
China the worlds largest single country consumer.
Since Chinas tightly controlled grain systems are considered largely off-market these changes
are not overtly bearish for the international wheat market. Neither is the 5.5million tonnes the
USDA has been able to add to is estimate of the global wheat stockpile in the past month or
two. The resultant 238million tonnes supply cushion is currently massive, and the largest ever;
with well over a third of that surplus is held within China. The
useable quality of that grain is unknown probably closer to
low grade feed than milling, as evidenced by the fact that China
continues to import higher grade food wheat to beef up its flour
quality.
The impact on the broader market of a 2.4million tonne
reduction in Indias wheat crop forecast (to around 86.5million
tonnes) is similarly muted by the fact that India holds very large
stocks too about 17million tonnes at the start of this season.
It too is making some higher grade wheat import purchases to
improve its flour quality after last years harvest was damaged
by rain. Some sources think Indias next crop could be as low as
82million tonnes but, so far, this is not emerging as a significant
bullish factor for world wheat prices either. The same applies to
USDAs forecast for Australias crop, going down by 1.5million
tonnes to 24.5million. Its still a normal harvest for Australia
which shouldnt cramp its exports too much and is, in any case,
close to trade forecasts made earlier in the year.
We have to keep an eye on one or two ongoing weather issues
that might excite the speculators (the managed funds have been
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years ago the figure was only 36million tonnes. Also Argentina
and Brazil combined have started this new season with nearly
51million tonnes of stocks over 9million more than last year
(already far above normal). Although Argentina will export at
least 1m tonnes more beans in 2015/16, its expected to put far
more of the extra supplies into domestic crush, expanding that
from 40.2million to 45.7million versus just 34m at the start of this
decade. Thats expected to bump up its soya meal exports to a new
record 36.8million tonnes (four years ago just 26m) almost half of
the global trade in the product.
While soyabean prices have held up, meal has continued to sag.
The February monthly average price in Europe (see chart) was the
lowest since October 2007 but thats in terms of US dollars a
windfall partially denied to EU importers since the euro collapsed.
However, soya plenty has continued to make up for shortfalls
in production of the main competing oilseeds, rapeseed and
sunflowers.
Rapeseed prices have been trending downward in recent
weeks, led by the Canadian market, which has fallen to tenmonth lows. The initial factor was a larger than expected
official Canadian harvest estimate followed by the government
estimating plentiful stocks. Recent news that these were
disappearing faster than expected into both domestic crush
and export channels, didnt lift prices due to reports that the
top rapeseed importer China was tightening its quality specs
to levels that its main supplier Canadas shippers think will
be difficult to meet, likely resulting some loss of this trade.
China is easily the largest single country outlet for rapeseed
and products. About a quarter of its crush of 18.7million tonnes
uses imported rapeseed, mainly from Canada. Some Canadian
traders think there may be opportunities to sell more to India
instead, where local oilseed production may fall short after a
sub-par Monsoon.
As Canadian planting approaches, the government has offered
a preliminary crop estimate of approximately four percent or
700,000 tonnes below the 17.2million tonnes that it estimated for
2015. The EU crop outlook this year is still seen, at best close to,
maybe a little less than last years 21.4million tonnes (although
one forecaster has it at 20.4m). The Commission sees EU 2016/17
rapeseed crush possibly dropping by 1.4million tonnes to 23.9m.
Less rapeseed is also expected to be available from key EU
supplier Ukraine, where the crop could be down 30% or more
after dry sowing curbed acreage and exposed crops to winter
losses.
However, by and large, rapeseed meal prices will have to
follow the trend in the larger, higher quality soya meal market.
The same applies to sunflower meal. As a spring planted crop in
the Northern hemisphere, its early to make estimates but early
pointers are offered, including larger plantings in Ukraine on land
released by failed winter wheat crops. Last year, Ukraine, the
worlds biggest sunflower exporter, sowed 5.4million hectares
and produced 11.3million tonnes versus the previous years
10.2million. Russias farm ministry in early March was, however,
expecting a dip in sunflower planted area.
Overall, soya should keep oilmeal supplies adequate for market
needs and prices under control. The seasonal flush of Latin
American supplies might even push prices lower for a time but
probably not far as markets will want to see sowing progress for
the US and other Northern Hemisphere crops.