Fossils Database

KINGDOM PROTOZOA
Phylum Foraminifera
Order Fusilinida (Fusulinids)
RANK
NAME
KINGD Protista
OM
PHYLU Foraminife
M
ra
CLASS
Granulore
ticulosa
ORDE
R
Foramiferi
da
FAMIL
Y
Nummuliti
dae
GENU
S
Nummulit
es
Taxonomy: Nummulites was

named by Lamarck (1801)
[Sepkoski's age data: T Than-l

R]. It is extant. It was assigned
to Nummulitidae by Wienrich
(1997); and to Foraminiferida
by Sepkoski (2002).
Species: N. carmenensis
Species lacking formal
opinion data: N. atacicus, N.
bullatus, N. distans, N. fichteli,
N. gizehensis, N. hantkeni, N.
laevigatus, N. mamilla, N.
millecaput, N. minervensis, N.
obesa, N. obtusus, N.
tavertetensis, N. vascus,
Operculinella cumingii
Composition: Low Mg
calcitesubo
Environment: Outer shelf,
marinesubo
Locomotion: Stationarysubo
Life Habit: Semi-infaunaluc
Diet: Omnivore
uc
Age range: Base of

the Late/Upper Paleocene to the
top of the Holocene or 58.70000
to 0.00000 Ma
Anatomy: Lenticular fossil with
numerous coils, subdivided by
septa into chambers.
Size: 1.3 cm (0.5 in.) to 5 cm (2
in.)
Distribution:
Quaternary of New Caledonia, the
Seychelles
Pilocene of South Africa
Miocene
of Germany, Libya , Malaysia
Oligocene of Costa Rica, France,
India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Libya,
Mexico, Pakistan, Puerto Rico,
Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Spain
Eocene of Colombia, Egypt,
France, Germany, Greece, Haiti,
Hungary, India, Italy, Libya,
Mexico, Oman, Pakistan, Panama,
Poland, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia,
Somalia, Spain, Turkey, UK, USA
(Florida and Georgia)
Paleocene to Eocene of India,
Turkey
Paleocene of Nigeria, Pakistan,
Spain, Togo
Misc. Facts:
Limestone dated back to the
Eocene Epoch are called
Nummulite Limestone, found in
the Sahara Desert.
Name comes from Latin word for
coin (nummulus)
Disc-like, spiral, calcareous

skeleton
Some are found in Egyptian
limestone pyramids
KINDGOM ANIMALIA
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
RANK
NAME
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM
Porifera
CLASS
Hexactinellida
ORDER
Lyssakida
FAMILY
Dictyospongiid
ae
GENUS
Hydnoceras
Taxonomy: Hydnoceras is a
genus. It is not extant. It was
assigned
to Reticulosa by Sepkoski
(2002).
Composition: Silica
Environment: Marine
Locomotion: Stationary
Life Habit: Epifaunal
Diet: Suspension Feeder
Age Range: Upper Devonian or
359 to 362 ma
Anatomy: Silica Spicules
secreted by mesenchyme.
Distrubution: NONE
Other Names: Glass Sponge
Misc. Facts:
RANK NAME
KINGD Animalia
OM
PHYLU Porifera
M
CLASS Heteractin
ida
ORDE Ocatactin
R
ellida
FAMIL Astraeosp
Y
ongiidae
GENU Astraeosp
S
ongia
Taxonomy:
Astraeospongia was named by
Roemer (1860). It is the type
genus of Astraeospongiidae. It
was corrected
as Astraeospongium by Sepkosk
i (2002) and Finks et al.
(2004). It was assigned to
Heteractinida by Sepkoski
(2002); and
to Astraeospongiidae by Finks
et al. (2004).
Composition: High Mg Calcite
Environment: Marine
Life Habit: Intermediate-level
epifaunal
Age Range: base of
the Rhuddanian to the top of
the Early/Lower
Givetian or 443.40000 to
383.70000 Ma
Anatomy: 6-rayed stellate
spicules
Size: NONE
Distribution:
Devonian of Canada, the
Czech Republic, US
Silurian of US
Bryozoans (Phylum Bryozoa)

RANK
NAME
KINDGOM Animalia
PHYLUM
Bryozoa
CLASS
Stenolaemata
ORDER
Fenestrata
FAMILY
-----------------
GENUS
Archimedes
Permian of Afghanistan, Canada,

Russia, Slovenia, Svalbard, and
Jan Mayen
Pennsylvanian of USA
Chesterian of Canada, USA
Carboniferous of Australia,
Svalbard and Jan Mayen, USA
Mississippian of USA
Taxonomy: Archimedes is a
genus. It is not extant.
It was assigned
to Fenestellidae by Morozova
and Kruchinina (1986); and
to Fenestrata by Sepkoski
(2002).
Composition: Low Mg Calcite
Envirnoments: marine,
shallow subtidal, carbonate,
reef, buildup or bioherm,
offshore, deep subtidal,
interdistributary bay, open
shallow subtidal, delta plain
Life Habit: epifaunal
Age Range: base of
the Chadian to the top of
the Roadian or 345.30000 to
268.80000 Ma
Anatomy: 6-rayed stellate
spicules
Size: NONE
Distribution:
Misc. Facts
Named to similarities to an
Archimedes Screw
Also called moss animals
RANK
NAME
KINDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Bryozoa
CLASS
Stenolaemata
ORDER
Rhabdomesida
FAMILY
Rhomboporida
e
GENUS
Rhombopora
Taxonomy: Rhombopora is a
genus. It is not extant. It is the
type genus of Rhomboporidae.
It was assigned
to Rhomboporidae by Ernst
(2000); and
to Cryptostomata by Sepkoski
(2002).
Species: R. annulus, R.
bifurcata, R. communis, R.
corticata, R. cylindrica, R.
filiformis, R. granulata, R.
gratiosa, R. hexagona, R.
hindei, R. johnsvalleyensis, R.
kawabei, R. lepidodendroides, R.
multigranulata, R. nitidula, R.
optima, R. ornata, R.
permiana, R. picchuensis, R.
polyporata, R. subtilis, R.
tenuis, R. yanbianensis
opinion data: Rhabdomeson
foerstei, Rhabdomeson
rogersi, Rhabdomeson ulrichi, R.
dispersa, R. hemiseptata, R.
lepidendroides, R. muralis, R.
tenuirama
Composition: Low Mg calcite
Environment: marine,
carbonate, shallow subtidal,
reef, buildup or bioherm,
offshore, open shallow subtidal,
platform/shelf-margin reef,
prodelta, interdistributary bay,
perireef or subreef,
lagoonal/restricted shallow
subtidal, coastal, slope/ramp
reef, slope, offshore shelf, deep
subtidal, estuary/bay, lagoonal,
basinal (carbonate), delta front,
transition zone/lower shoreface
Diet: Suspension feeder

Age range: base of
the Homerian to the top of
the Changhsingian or 430.5000
0 to 252.17000 Ma
Anatomy:
Size:
Distribution:
Permian of Afghanistan, Australia,
Austria, Bolivia, Canada, China,
India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Oman,
Pakistan, Peru, Russian, Svalbard
and Jan Mayen, Tajikistan,
Thailand, The United Arab
Emirates, USA
Vigilian of USA,
Desmoinesian of USA
Pennsylvanian of Australia, USA
Chesterian of USA
Osagean of USA
Carboniferous of Bolivia, Canada,

China Ireland, Japan, Peru, Russia,
Spain, UK, USA
Mississippian of USA
Devonian of Belarus, Canada,
China, France, Morocco, Russia,
USA
Silurian of UK
Misc. Facts
Phylum Hemichordata
Class Graptolites
Age Range: base of the Gorstian to

the top of the Pragian or 427.40000 to
407.60000 Ma
Distribution:
Carboniferous of Ireland
Devonian of Algeria, Australia,

Canada, China, Colombia, Czech
Republic, Germany, Kazakstan,
Malaysia, Morocco, Myanmar,
Poland, Tajikistan, Thailand,
Ukraine, USA
Common Features:
Silurian to Devonian of Algeria,

Argentina, China, Czech Republic,
Italy, Mauritania, Morocco, Poland
Formed twig-like or net-like

colonies.
Silurian of Algeria, Argentina,

Australia, Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Canada, China, Czech
Floating animals
Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
France, Greenland, Ireland, Italy,
Possessed a chitinous outer
Jordan, Kazakstan, Latvia, Libya,
covering and lacked mineralized
Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco,
hard parts that cause the fossil to
Norway, Paraguay, Poland,
lose detail when found as an
Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia,
impression.
Serbia, Montenegro, Spain,
Sweden, Thailand, Ukraine, UK,
Bilaterally symmetrical and
USA
tentacled.
Ordovician to Silurian of Canada,
Composition: sclero-protein
USA
Life Habit: Planktonic
Locomtion: passively mobile
Ordovician of Argentina, Australia,

Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Chile,
China, Colombia, Czech Republic,
Estonia, France, Greenland, Iran,
Ireland, Kasakstan, Morocco, New
Zealand, North Korea, Norway,

Peru, Portugal, Russia, Saudia
Arabia, South Korea, Spain,
Sweden, Turkey, UK, USA
Cambrian to Ordovician of Poland
Cambrian of Canada, China,
Russia, USA
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa (Horn/Colonial Coral))
Common Features
Classified as a polyp-type
organism
Gametes are produced by polyps
pharynx of anthozoans (ingesting

as well as egesting food) leads to
the gastrovascular cavity, which is
divided by mesenteries.
Common Names
Sea anemones
Coral
Sea pens
Sea fans
Blue coral
ORDER
Black coral
FAMILY
Life Habit: Intermediate-level
epifaunal
Diet: Microcarnivore
Age Range: Maximum range
based only on fossils: base of
the Wonokan to the top of
the Holocene or 580.00000 to
0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil
(stem group age): 541.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil in
any extant subgroup (crown
group age): 541.0 Ma
Distribution: NONE
RANK
KINDGO
M
PHYLU
M
CLASS
NAME
Animali
a
Cnidari
a
Anthoz
oa
GENUS
Tabulat
a
Favositi
dae
Favosit
es
janiensis, F. kennihoensis, F.
kolimaensis, F. kozlovskii, F.
kozlowskyi, F. lucidus, F. macilentus, F.
minor, F. mogoktensis, F.
moyeroensis, F. multiformis, F.
nekhoroshevi, F. niagarensis, F.
nitella, F. nitidus, F. notabilis, F.
occidentalis, F. pachymuralis, F.
pactum, F. patellatus, F. placenta, F.
promenens, F. pseudoforbesi, F.
radiciformis, F. regularissimus, F.
saginatus, F. saurini, F. sinuosus, F.
socialis, F. spiniferus, F. sublatus, F.
Taxonomy: Favosites was named by sulcatus, F. totaensis, F.
Lamarck (1816). It is not extant. It is tschernajaensis, F. undulatus, F.
vilvaensis, F. weissermelli, F. wilsonae
the type genus
of Favositidae, Favositinae. It was
assigned to Favositinae by Murray Composition: Low Mg calcite
(1985); and to Tabulata by Sepkoski
(2002).
Species: F. afghanicus, F.
burkhanensis, F. fusiforme, F.
goldfussi, F. intricatus, F. issensis, F.
permica
Species lacking formal opinion

data: F. Hisingerina, F. acutus, F.
allani, F. alpinus, F. antipertusus, F.
borealis, F. brownsportensis, F.
brusnitzini,F. caliaporoides, F. careyi
carmeni, F. carmini, F. clarus, F.
coactilis, F. cronigerus, F. difformis,
diffusus, F. effusus, F. emmonsi, F.
favosiformis, F. favosus, F. forbesi, F.
fungites, F. gothlandicus, F. gregalis
hamiltonensis, F. helderbergiae, F.
hemisphericus, F. hidensiformis, F.
hillae, F. hirsutus, F. hisingeri, F.
hispidus, F. humilis, F. jaaniensis, F.
Age Range: base of

the Eastonian to the top of
the Wordian or 456.10000 to
265.10000 Ma

Diet 2: Photosymbiotic
Distribution:
Permian
of Australia, Indonesia, Iran
, USA
Carboniferous of UK, USA
Devonian
of Afghanistan, Australia, A
ustria, Belgium, Canada,
China, Colombia, the Czech
Republic, France,
Germany,Italy, Japan, Kaza
kstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Mongolia, Morocco, New
Zealand, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, South Africa, Spain,
Tajikistan,
Thailand, Ukraine, the
United Kingdom, United
States,
Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Viet
nam
Silurian to Devonian
of Australia, Pakistan, the
Russian
Federation, Tajikistan,
United States
Silurian of Afghanistan,
Argentina, Australia,
Belarus, Canada,
China, the Czech
Republic, Estonia, Greenlan
d, India,
Kazakstan, Lithuania,
Malaysia, Mongolia, Norwa
y, Paraguay, Russia,
Sweden, Tajikistan, Ukraine
, the United Kingdom,
United
States, Uzbekistan (1)
RANK
NAME
KINGDO Animali
M
a
PHYLU
M
Cnidari
a
CLASS
Anthoz
oa
ORDER
Tabulat
a
FAMILY
Halysiti
dae
GENUS
Halysit
es
Taxonomy: Halysites was

named by von Waldheim (1828)
[Sepkoski's age data:]. It is not
extant. It was assigned
to Halysitinae by Murray
(1985); and
to Tabulata by Sepkoski (2002).
Species: H. grandis
opinion data: H. H.
labyrinthica, H.
catenularia, H. catenularius, H.
delicatulus, H. feildeni, H.
gracilis, H. hamadai, H. junior,H.
louisvillensis, H. meandrinus, H.
nitida, H. occidens, H.
regularis, H. sandpilensis, H.
senior, H. vulgaris
Life habit: Epifaunal
Diet 2: Photosymbiotic
Age Range: base of
the Maysvillian to the top of
the Lochkovian or 452.00000 to
410.80000 Ma
Distribution:
Devonian of Canada
Silurian of Australia,
Canada, China, Czech
Republic, India, Kazakstan,
Mongolia, Norway, Russia,
Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine,
UK, USA
Ordovician of Australia,
Canada, China, UK, USA
Misc. Facts:
Commonly known as
chain coral, and was a
tabulate coral.
RANK
NAME
KINGD
Animalia
OM
PHYLU
M
Cnidaria
CLASS
Anthozo
a
ORDER
Rugosa
FAMILY
Zaphren
tidae
GENUS
Heliophy
llum
Taxonomy: Heliophyllum was

named by Hall (1846)
[Sepkoski's age data: D Emsi-u

D Give-u]. It is not extant. It was
assigned
to Zaphrentidae by Hill (1956);
and to Rugosa by Sepkoski
(2002).
opinion data: H. aiense, H.
incrassatum, H. vertical
Life Habit: Epifaunal
Age Range: base of
the Late/Upper Emsian to the
top of the Late/Upper
Frasnian or 402.50000 to
376.10000 Ma
Distribution:
Devonian of Afghanistan,
Australia, Austria, Canada,
Czech Republic, Germany,
Kazakstan, Mongolia,
Morocco, Russia, Spain, UK,
USA
Misc. Facts:
Also known as a horn
coral.
Used nematocysts to stun

prey
RANK
NAME
KINGD
OM
Animali
a
PHYLU
M
Cnidaria
CLASS
Anthozo
a
ORDER
Rugosa
FAMILY
Disphylli
dae
GENUS
Hexago
naria
Taxonomy: Hexagonaria was

named by Grich (1896)
[Sepkoski's age data: D Give-u
D Fras-u Sepkoski's reference
number: 680]. It is not extant. It
was assigned
to Phillipsastraeinae by Hill
(1956);
to Hexagonariinae by Hill
(1981); and
to Rugosa by Sepkoski (2002).
opinion data: H.
approximans, H. inequalis, H.
lavali, H. magna, H. marrmini, H.
mireillae, H. orientalis, H.
playfordi, H. sedgwicki, H.
tabulata, H. taurensis
Locomotion: stationary
Life habit: epifaunal
Age Range: base of
the Pragian to the top of
the Late/Upper
Frasnian or 410.80000 to
376.10000 Ma
Distribution:
Devonian of Afghanisan,
Australia, Belgium,
Canada, China, France,
Germany, Iran, Kazakstan,
New Zealand, Poland,
Russia, Spain, Tajikistan,
UK, USA
Misc Facts:
Also called a rugose coral
If polished, becomes a
Petoskey stone
RANK
NAME
KINDO
M
Animalia
PHYLU
M
Cnidaria
CLASS
Anthozoa
ORDER
Scleractini
a
FAMILY
Rhizangiid
ae
GENUS
Septastrea
Taxonomy: Septastrea was

named by d'Orbigny (1849)
[Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-u-u T
Plio Sepkoski's reference
number: 1110]. It was assigned
to Orbicellidae by Vaughan
(1904);
to Rhizangiidae by Wells
(1956); and
to Scleractinia by Sepkoski
(2002).
Species: S. altispina, S.
crassa, S. kerioides, S.
marylandica, S. matsoni
opinion data: S. forebesi
Composition: Aragonite
Grouping: Colonial
Clonal: Yes
Environment: marine
Locomotion: stationary
Life habit: Intermediate-level
epifaunal
Diet: suspension feeder
Reproduction: Altering
asexual
Dispersal: Water
Dispersal 2: planktonic
Age Range: base of
the Danian to the top of
the Late/Upper
Pleistocene or 66.00000 to
0.01170 Ma
Distribution:
Quaternary of USA
Pliocene to Pleistocene of
USA
Pilocene of Colombia,
Panama, USA
Paleocene of USA
Misc. Facts:
Can grow to any size
Only scleractinian coral

found to date
Class Scyphozoa
Common Features:
Eyeless and brainless
Stings its prey (if human
was stung, it could cause
skin rashes, muscle
cramps, or death)
Life cycle: sessile polyp
stage to a free-swimming
medusa stage
Size: 12 mm-2m
Anatomy:
Has 10 tentacles
No head, no skeleton, and
no special organs for
respiratory
Composition: high percentage
water
Environment: Marine, shallow
water, reefs
Common Names: Jellyfish,
true jellyfish
the Wonokan to the top of
the Otapirian or 580.00000 to
201.60000 Ma
Distribution:
Triassic of Japan, New
Zealand, Spain
Permian of Afghanistan,
Australia, Canada, China,
India, Japan, Madagascar,
New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Oman, Pakistan,
Russia, USA
Pennsylvanian of China
Carboniferous of Argentina,
Australia, Canada, UK, USA
Devonian of Algeria,
Antarctica, Australia,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Germany, South Africa,
USA
Silurian of Argentina,
Australia, Brazil, Canada,
China, Czech Republic,
Ireland, Jordon, Norway,
Paraguay, Poland, Sweden,
UK, USA
Ordovician of Argentina,
Australia, Canada, China,
Czech Republic, Ireland,
Kazakstan, Spain, Sweden,
UK, USA
Cambrian of China, Czech
Republic, India, Ireland,
Norway, USA
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Malacostraca
Common Features:
three-part body: head,
thorax and abdomen made
up of many segments.
compound stalked or
sessile eyes.
a two-chambered stomach.
centralized nervous
system
usually eight legs, with the
first pair sometimes as
pincers
hanging from the abdomen
are appendages are called
pleopods, or swimmerets.
They are primarily
swimming legs, and are
also used for brooding the
eggs, catching food (then
swept to the mouth), and
in isopods, are used as
gills.
Composition: Chitin
Locomotion: Actively mobile
Life habit: Epifaunal
Diet: Omnivore
Age range: Maximum range
the Botomian to the top of
0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem
any extant subgroup (crown group
age): 513.0 Ma
Distribution:
Quaternary of Argentina,
Australia, Bahamas,
Barbados, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Ecuador, Fiji, France,
Germany, Haiti, India, Italy,
Japan, Mexico, Morocco,

Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico,
South Africa, Taiwan,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA
Neogene of Belgium,
Denmark, Fiji, Italy, Japan,
Mexico, Netherlands,
Poland, Spain, Swaziland,
Taiwan, USA
Miocene of Algeria, Angola,
Anguilla, Antarctica,
Austria, Belgium, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Denmark,
Dominican Republic, Egypt,
Fiji, France, Germany, Haiti,
Hungary, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Italy, Japan, Kenya,
Malta, Mexico, Moldova,
Morocco, Netherlands, New
Zealand, Panama, Polond,
Puerto Rico, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, Slovakia, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Trinidad and
Tobago, Ukraine, USA
Oligocene to Miocene of
Argentina, Mexico,
Panama, USA
Oligocene of Anguilla,
Argentina, Belgium,
Canada, France, Germany,
Greenland, India, Italy,
Japan, Mexico,
Netherlands, Romania, USA
Eocene of Angola,
Antarctica, Argentina,
Australia, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Congo-
Kinishasa, Croatia,
Denmark, Egypt, France,
Germany, Haiti, Hungary,
India, Italy, Libya, Mexico,
New Zealand, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Panama, Peru,
Poland, Spain, Trinidad and
Tobago, Turkey, United
Arab Emirates, UK, USA
Paleocene of Antarctica,
Argentina, Austria,
Denmark, Netherlands,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Sweden,
USA
Paleogene of Belgium,
Hungary, Italy, Mexico,
Netherlands, New Zealand,
Spain, UK, USA
Cenozoic of Italy, Spain
Tertiary of USA
Cretaceous of Antarctica,
Canada, China, Chile,
Colombia, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Egypt, France,
Germany, Iran, Italy, Japan,
Lebanon, Madagascar,
Mexico, Morocco,
Netherlands, New Zealand,
Niger, Nigeria, Peru,
Poland, Puerto Rico,
Romania, Russia, Spain,
Swaziland, Switzerland,
USSR, UK, USA
Jurassic of Argentina,
Austria, Canada, Czech
Republic, France, Germany,
Greenland, India, Iran,
Italy, Luxembourg, New

Zealand, Peru, Pitcairn,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Spain,
Switzerland, Thailand,
USSR, United Arab
Emirates, UK, USA
Triassic of Austria, China,
Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Japan, Madagascar,
Mexico, Netherlands, Peru,
Poland, Saudi Arabia,
Slovenia, Spain, UK, USA
Permian of Brazil, China,
Germany, Italy, Russia, UK
Carboniferous of Canada,
Czech Republic, France,
Germany, USA
Silurian of Canada, Czech
Republic, Denmark, France,
Italy, Libya, Norway,
Poland, UK, USA
Ordovician of Argentina,
Canada, China, Czech
Republic, Russia, South
Africa, Sweden, USA
Cambrian of Canada,
Czech Republic, USA
Class Maxillopoda
Infraclass Cirripedia (barnacles)
Common Features:
Kicks food into its mouth
with its feet
Thin, chitinous cuticle
covers appendage-bearing
portion of body (molted
periodically)
Eipibiont: Yes
Environment: Marine, coastal,
shallow
Age range: Maximum range
the Ludlow to the top of
0.00000 Ma

Distribution:
Quaternary of Argentina,
Canada, Chile, Cuba,
Ecuador, France,
Greenland, Iceland, Japan,
Mexico, Morocco, New
Zealand, Norway, Panama,
Peru, South Africa, Spain,
UK, USA
Neogene of Mexico
Miocene of Algeria,
Cape Verde, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Egypt, Fiji, France, Haiti,
India, Indonesia, Italy,
Japan, Madagascar, Malta,
Mexico, Moldova, Morocco,
New Zealand, Panama,
Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
South Africa, Spain,
Switzerland, Taiwan, USA
Oligocene of Austria,
Colombia, Germany,
Hungary, Japan, New
Zealand, Slovenia, USA
Eocene of Antarctica,
Australia, Indonesia,
Namibia, New Zealand,
Nigeria, UK, USA
Paleocene of Argentina,
Belgium, Denmark, Egypt,
Kazakstan, New Zealand,
USA
Cretaceous of Antarctica,
Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Colombia, Czech Republic,
Denmark, France,
Germany, Hungary,
Mexico, Netherlands, New
Zealand, Nigeria, Russia,
Sweden, UK, USA
Jurassic of Canada, China,
Czech Republic, Germany,
Portugal
Triassic of Slovenia
Permian, Carboniferous,
and Silurian of USA
Order Eurypterida (Sea

scorpion, Eurypterid)
Common Features:
Had 2 appendages for
swimming and digging
Had an anterior pair of
pincers to gather food
Had a sharp tail, and body
was divided into segments
Locomotion: Actively mobile
Life habit: nektobenthic
Diet: Carnivore
Environment: Brackish or fresh
water
the Black River to the top of
the Kungurian or 460.90000 to
272.30000 Ma
(stem group age): 457.5 Ma.
Distribution:
Permian of USA
Carboniferous of Argentina,
Canada, Czech Republic,
Germany, USA
Devonian of Algeria,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Germany, Norway, Poland,
Russia, Ukraine, UK, USA
Silurian of Australia,
Bolivia, Canada, China,
Czech Republic, Estonia,
Libya, Morocco, Norway,
Poland, Spain, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK, USA
Ordovician of South Africa,
USA

Distribution: All time global
Common Features:
Body is divided into 3
sections, and has an
exoskeleton
Jointed body parts
Locomotion: Actively Mobile
the Cambrian to the top of
0.00000 Ma
Class Trilobita
RANK
NAME
KINGD
Animali
OM
a
PHYLU Arthrop
M
oda
CLASS
Trilobita
ORDER Asaphid
a
FAMILY
GENUS
Trinuclei
dae
Cryptoli
thus
Taxonomy: Cryptolithus was

named by Green (1832)
[Sepkoski's age data: O Llde-u O
Ashg-u Sepkoski's reference
number: 2,690]. It was assigned
to Cryptolithinae by Whittington
(1941); to Asaphida by Sepkoski
(2002); and
to Trinucleidae by Jell and
Adrain (2003).
Species: C. bellulus
opinion data: C. recurves
Composition: Low Mg Calcite
Composition 2: Chitin
Spines: Minor
Locomotion: Fast-moving
Life habit: Low-level epifaunal
Age Range: base of
the Chazyan to the top of
the Kosovian or 468.10000 to
443.70000 Ma
Distribution:
Ordovician of Canada,
Morocco, USA
RANK
KINDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
NAME
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Ptychoparii
da
Alokistocari
dae
Elrathia

data: E. alaskensis, E. chuwansis, E.
grazierensis, E. kindlei
Composition 2: chitin
Ribbing: none
Spines: none
Locomotion: fast-moving
Diet: detritivore
Age Range: base of
the Delamaran to the top of
the Marjumian or 513.00000 to
498.50000 Ma
Distribution:
Taxonomy: Elrathia was named
by Walcott (1924) [Sepkoski's
age data: Cm mMid-u Cm uMid
Sepkoski's reference number:
81,379]. It was assigned
to Ptychopariida by Sepkoski
(2002); to Arthropoda by Caron
and Jackson (2008); and
toAlokistocaridae by Briggs et
al. (2008).
Species: E. idahoensis, E.
kingi, E. longiceps, E. rara, E.
sampsoni, E. spencei
Cambrian of Canada,
Greenland, India, UK, USA
RANK
KINDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
NAME
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobita
Asaphida
Asaphidae
Isotelus
Locomotion: fast-moving
Life habit: low-level epifaunal
Taxonomy
Isotelus was named by Dekay
(1824). Its type is Isotelus
gigas. It was reranked
as Asaphus (Isotelus) by Owen
(1852). It was assigned
to Asaphus by Owen (1852);
to Asaphinae by Whittington
(1941); to Isotelinae by Owen
(1981); toAsaphida by Sepkoski
(2002); and to Asaphidae by Jell
and Adrain (2003) and Owens
and Fortey (2009).
Species
I. aktchokensis, I. bradleyi, I.
copenhagenensis, I.
frognoensis, I. gigas (type
species), I. harrisi (syn. I.
platymarginatus, Vogdesia
bearsi), I. iowensis, I.
kimmswickensis, I. maximus, I.
parvirugosus, I. skapaneidos, I.
violaensis, I. walcotti (syn. I.
planus)
data
I. I. sp. b, I. spurius
Composition: low Mg calcite
Composition 2: chitin
Ribbing: none
Spines: none
Diet: deposit feeder
Taxonomy
Phacops was named by
Emmrich (1839) [Sepkoski's age
data: D Sieg D Fame-u
Sepkoski's reference number:
2,1106]. It is not extant.
It was assigned
to Phacopida by Sepkoski
(2002); and
to Phacopidae by Jell and
Adrain (2003).
Species
P. (Boeckops), P. (Omegops), P.
(Prokops), P. maximus
data
P. breviceps, P. breviceps, P.
bronni, P. circumspectans, P.
degener, P. fecundus, P.
fecundus, P. hoseri, P. kockeli, P.
maurulus, P. modestus, P.
orestes, P. platilegnotor, P.
salteri, P. serratus, P.
speculator, P. sternbergi, P.
turco, P. zinkeni
Phylum Brachiopoda
Inarticulate:
parva, L. percorrugata, L. philomela, L.

progne, L. reevei, L. reevii, L.
riciniformis, L. rostrum, L. sacculus, L.
spatulata, L. squamiformis, L. sturti, L.
subcircularis, L. subelliptica, L.
subovalis, L. subspatulata,L.
subtenuissima, L. sulcatiferea, L. tenuis,
L. translucida, L. truncata, L. tumida, L.
tumidula, L. varsoviensis,L. whitfieldi, L.
xinlinensis, Lingulipora zhexiensis, L.
circularis, L. fleenori, L. friabilis, L.
huainera, L. krugeri, L. milwaukeensis,
L. nicklesi, L. oliverai, L. paracletus, L.
rugosa, L. scutum, L. selwyni, L.
symondsi
Taxonomy
Lingula
was named by Bruguire (1797)
[Sepkoski's age data: T Eo R
Sepkoski's reference number: 1064]. It
is extant. It was assigned to Lingulida
by Sepkoski (2002); and to Lingulidae
by Williams et al. (2000), Emig (2003)
and Peng and Shi (2008).
Species
L.
(Glossina), L. acutangula, L. adamsi, L.
allingi, L. anatina, L. arctica, L. beani, L.
beanii, L. borealica, L. bravardi, L.
briseis, L. carbonaria (syn. L. mytiloides,
L. umbonata), L. clintoni, L.
cobourgensis, L. complanata, L.
credneri, L. cretacea, L. cuneata, L.
curta, L. deitersensis, L. desiderata, L.
dregeri (syn. L. suessi), L. elliptica, L.
elongata, L. eva, L. foliaceusa, L.
freboldi, L. fuyuanensis, L. gorbyi, L.
halli, L. huronensis, L. hyperborea, L.
indianensis, L. ingens, L. jaspidea, L.
kedonensis, L. kolymaensis, L.
lamellata,L. liurjakhensis, L.
louisianensis, L. marginata, L. marginia,
L. meeki, L. membranacea, L. metensis,
L. minima, L. morsei, L. nanimensis, L.
nikitini, L. nitida, L. nympha, L. oblata, L.
obtusa, L. olenekensis, L. ovata, L.
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Brachiopoda Dumacril,
1806
Class:
Lingulata
Order:
Lingulida Waagen, 1885
Family:
Lingulidae Menke, 1828
Genus:
Lingula, 1797

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KINGDOM PROTOZOA

Taxonomy: Nummulites was

[Sepkoski's age data: T Than-l

Age range: Base of

Disc-like, spiral, calcareous

Bryozoans (Phylum Bryozoa)

Permian of Afghanistan, Canada,

Chesterian of Canada, USA

Diet: Suspension feeder

Carboniferous of Bolivia, Canada,

Age Range: base of the Gorstian to

Devonian of Algeria, Australia,

Silurian to Devonian of Algeria,

Formed twig-like or net-like

Silurian of Algeria, Argentina,

Ordovician of Argentina, Australia,

Zealand, North Korea, Norway,

pharynx of anthozoans (ingesting

Life Habit: epifaunal

Species lacking formal opinion

Age Range: base of

Diet: Suspension feeder

Taxonomy: Halysites was

Taxonomy: Heliophyllum was

[Sepkoski's age data: D Emsi-u

Used nematocysts to stun

Taxonomy: Hexagonaria was

Taxonomy: Septastrea was

Can grow to any size

Only scleractinian coral

Japan, Mexico, Morocco,

Italy, Luxembourg, New

(stem group age): 423.0 Ma

Order Eurypterida (Sea

Minimum age of oldest fossil

Taxonomy: Cryptolithus was

Species lacking formal opinion

Diet: deposit feeder

parva, L. percorrugata, L. philomela, L.

Lingulida Waagen, 1885

Lingulidae Menke, 1828

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