Vol 2 - 4.11 - Protection

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman
Independent Water and Power Project at Sohar

Power Transmission System Project
Tender Documents
4.11.
PROTECTION RELAYS AND METERING
4.11.1.
4.11.2.
PROTECTION RELAYS
METERING
Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering
FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL
Volume
Section
2
4
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
1
4.11. PROTECTION RELAYS AND METERING

4.11.1.
PROTECTION RELAYS
a)
General
Protection equipment shall be designed and applied to provide maximum

discrimination between faulty and healthy circuits. All equipment shall remain
inoperative during transient phenomena, which may arise during switching or other
disturbances to the system.
Relays shall be of approved makes and types, fully numerical microprocessor based
complying with BS 142, IEC Publication 60255, shall have approved characteristics
and be flush mounted draw out type in dust proof cases and shall have operating time
not exceeding 20 ms. All relays shall have self-supervision and self-monitoring
facilities. At least two years proven field experience of each relay is requested.
The construction of the relays shall be sturdy and shall be such that all parts are
readily accessible for easy adjustment.
Dedicated (stand alone) type relays are to be provided to suit protection schemes and
applications specified. Multi-function and built-in type protective device are not
permitted. All relays shall be numerical type. Digital Software PSL and configurable
shall be provided for distance protection, transformer and line current differential
protections and in other protective relays wherever required.
Relay contacts shall be suitable for making and breaking the maximum currents,
which may be required to control the normal service. Separate contacts shall be
provided for alarm and tripping functions. Relay contacts shall make firmly without
bounce and the whole of the relay mechanisms shall be unaffected by vibration or
external magnetic fields. Where protective relays contact are unable to deal directly
with the tripping current, approved type of auxiliary contactors tripping relays shall
be provided. Number of such relays shall be kept to minimum. Where two or three
phase elements are included in one case, separate indications shall be provided for
each element.
Electrically reset tripping relays shall be provided for those circuits subject to remote
supervisory control. Relays where applicable shall be provided with flag indicators for
each element. Flag indicators shall be of hand reset type and shall be capable of
being reset without opening the case. For bus bar and breaker fail protection hand
reset relays to be provided. Hand reset should be possible without opening the relay
casing.
The protection shall be sufficiently sensitive to cater for minimum fault level condition
which will be determined by the Contractor and agreed by MHEW during engineering
stage. Protection site testing and commissioning, including inter-tripping, blocking
schemes, PSL schemes etc shall be carried out in the presence of the Manufacturer
at site.
All relays offered must have been type tested to meet the requirements of IEC 60255
with respect to high frequency disturbance, fast transients electrostatic discharge,
radio frequency etc.
Two main protections shall be provided for 220 kV overhead lines:
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
2
Main protection 1 current differential protection (back up directional

overcurrent and earth fault protection)
Main protection 2 distance protection (back up directional overcurrent
and earth fault protection).
One main protection shall be provided for 132 kV overhead lines:
Main protection 1 distance protection a(back up directional overcurrent

and earth fault protection)
220/132 kV 500 MVA autotransformers shall be provided with:
Two sets of biased differential protection

Two sets of restricted earth fault protection (REF) one in HV side
neutral and one on HV side of transformer - and on HV side overcurrent
and earth fault protection
220 kV and 132 kV GIS busbars shall be protected by set of busbars protection.
b)
Distance Protection
Distance protection for 220 kV and 132 kV overhead line feeder circuits shall be of
high-speed type with 1 A rating.
To ensure necessary safety of the protection system, the following criteria shall be
strictly observed:
Individual measuring elements for each zone and for each type of fault should be
provided, without the need for switching any current or voltage circuit.
Protection shall detect phase and earth faults.
The distance relay with partially cross polarized MHO relays are preferred for Z1,
Z2 for 3 and 2 phase faults. Relay shall have quadrilateral characteristic for earth
faults.
A switch on the fault facility shall provide an instantaneous trip if the line is
energised onto a three-phase fault with line VT's.
Relay shall be capable of operating for faults close to the relaying point, method to
achieve that should be explained.
Transient over-reach shall be reduced to less than 5%, thus allowing increased
zone 1 setting, without mal-operation on external faults.
Every kind of fault shall be measured separately, without change over of measuring
system.
Relay shall be supplemented by power swing blocking relay. It shall be inhibited

during the single pole dead time of an auto recluse cycle. relay shall not operate if
VT supply is lost due to fuse failure.
To detect faults with currents less than the rated current, the protection shall be
equipped with impedance starters.
Relay shall have on line test facility.
PT fuse failure blocking and alarm should be provided.
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
Fault locator is to be included with accuracy of 2% of the route length.
Event and disturbance recorders are to be included.
2
4
4.11
3
The distance protection scheme shall be selectable between permissive under reach
and over reach transfer trip mode with under reaching Z1 element and over reaching
Z2 and suitable logic to achieve fast tripping at the sending and in event of a weak
infeed at the receiving end.
The distance protection shall have facilities for independently tripping duplicate circuit
breaker tripping coils initiating breaker failure protection, inter tripping and alarms.
c)
220 kV OH line current differential protection
The protection shall comprise of two relays, one at each end of 220 kV OH line. The
current differential protection shall overcome problems associated with multiple
infeeds, the effects of charging currents and high impedance faults.
The comparison of the currents entering and leaving the protected zone shall be
achieved by exchanging information between two line ends using the protection
communication signaling channels and optical fibre interface. In the event of failure in
the protection communication, the relay shall provide backup O/C protection.
The relay shall provide high speed, discriminative protection on two and three terminal
lines. The relay shall have dual slope percentage bias restraint to ensure stability for
through fault conditions.
Currents shall be compared on a per phase basis and, hence, the protection shall
be suitable for single pole tripping and auto-reclosing.
All (three) phase current signals shall be transmitted over the same communication
channel.
The operating level shall be adjustable between approximately 20% and 200% of
current transformer rated current.
The protection sensitivity shall be the same whether the protected circuit is fed
from one end or two.
The protection shall contain features to ensure stability during through-fault
conditions with a source infeed equivalent to the switchgear rating. Means shall be
provided to adjust the degree of stabilisation to compensate for errors resulting
from conditions such as current transformer saturation and the effect of overhead
line capacitance.
The protection shall include a direct intertripping feature to initiate tripping of the
remote end circuit breakers. It shall not be reliant on the presence load or fault
current.
The protection shall contain a power-on and continuous self-monitoring feature.
Facilities shall be provided to allow through testing during commissioning and
maintenance.
Date: May 16
Tender Documents

Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
4
The relay shall record events and faults. The records shall be preserved even if
power is lost. It shall be possible to print out the recorded information.
When a trip is issued by the differential element in addition to tripping local breaker
the relay should send a inter trip signal to the remote terminals to ensure tripping of all
ends of the protected line. The relay shall utilize digital communication signaling
channel for either direct optical connection between ends via a multiplex link.
d) 220 kV and 132 kV Busbar Protection
132 kV Busbar protection
The Contractor shall extend the existing 132 kV bus bar protection to include the
extension of the 132 kV switchyard. The protection philosophy and all arrangements
shall be identical to the one accepted for the existing protection, including breaker
failure protection scheme.
For the new sections of the 132 kV busbars two new main zones busbar protection
shall be provided.
The CT supplied for busbar protection should have characteristics requested as for
the existing protection.
220 kV Busbar protection
The 220 kV busbar protection shall be of the unbiased high impedance circulating
current type.
The protection shall have the following features.
a) Two independent systems shall be provided fed from separate CTs one
designated the discriminating system and one designated the check system. The
discriminating system shall comprise a separate differential scheme for each
section (zone) of busbar. The check system shall comprise a differential scheme
covering all busbar sections. Each system shall be capable of detecting all types
of faults under all system conditions.
b) The check system and each discriminating scheme shall comprise duplicate relays
connected in parallel across the CT bus wiring.
c) Two separate tripping systems shall be provided per busbar, designated first and
second busbar tripping system. One set of duplicate discriminating relays and one
check relay shall be associated with the first busbar tripping system and the other
set of discriminating relays and the second check relay with the second busbar
tripping system.
d) Two independent hand reset busbar protection trip relays shall be provided for
each circuit breaker. One set of trip relays shall be energised by the first tripping
scheme and the other set by the second tripping scheme.
e) The trip relays shall be energised by coincident operation of one of the
discriminating relays and the associated check relay.
f) The circuit breakers have duplicate tripping units. The trip relays of one tripping
scheme shall energies one trip coil and the relays of the second scheme shall
energise the second trip coil.
g) The trip relays associated with 220 kV transformer circuits shall also trip the 132
kV circuit breaker.
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
5
h) In the case of 220 kV feeder circuits the busbar protection shall intertrip the
remote end circuit breakers over intertripping channels and shall block autoreclosing
i)
The operating time of the measuring relays shall not exceed 30 msecs at five
times the relay current setting.
The busbar protection will be supplied from multi-ratio current transformers.

The overall fault setting shall be between 10% and 30% of the minimum fault current
available for any type of fault, unless otherwise specified. The minimum fault current
for busbar faults will be advised at a later stage.
The rated stability limit of the protection shall not be less than the switchgear short
circuit rating.
In the case of double busbar systems where current transformer secondary circuits
are switched between Main and Reserve busbar CT buswires, disconnector auxiliary
switches complying with the following are mandatory, repeat relay contacts will not be
acceptable under any circumstances:
i) Auxiliary switches are to be used for all current transformer switching circuits.
Generally two silver plated switches in parallel are to be used for all normally open
auxiliary switches in CT circuits, and one silver plated switch for all normally closed
auxiliary switches in CT circuits.
ii) To avoid instability during on load changeover the auxiliary switches connected in
the discriminating relay circuit should have the following characteristics:
* On closing a busbar disconnector the auxiliary switch must close before the primary
contact pre arc.
*
On opening, a busbar disconnector the auxiliary switch must open after the
primary
contacts open.
Automatic and continuous supervision of current transformer circuits shall be provided
to give an alarm when the out of balance current reaches an undesirable value.
Operation of the current transformer supervision equipment should take the defective
protection zone out of service by short-circuiting current transformer bus wiring. CT
shorting relays shall be hand reset devices with contacts capable of carrying a
secondary fault current, which is equivalent to the switchgear short time rating for 3 s,
and a voltage withstand of 3 kV peak across open contacts.
e)
Circuit breaker failure protection
Separate circuit breaker fail protection shall be provided complying with the following:
The breaker failure protection on circuit breakers shall be initiated by all the other
protection devices, which normally initiate tripping of that breaker. In the event of the
circuit breaker failing to open within a pre-selected time, the breaker failure protection
shall initiate tripping of all adjacent circuit breakers. It shall also incorporate provision
for initiating direct intertripping of any remote infeeds, and the lower voltage circuit
breaker on transformer circuits.
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
6
The position of each circuit breaker shall be monitored by a two sets of current relays
per phase fed from the back-up protection current transformers. The relay outputs
shall be connected in series in a two out of two arrangement. The relays shall have
an operating time of approximately 10 msec and a consistent reset time of less than
15 msec. The relays shall be more sensitive than the most sensitive circuit protection,
for both phase and earth faults. The relays shall be capable of remaining in the
operated condition continuously and of carrying twice the circuit rated current
continuously.
The operating time of the breaker failure protection shall be selected by means of
duplicate timers with a range of 50 to 500 msec. The outputs of the two timers per
circuit shall be connected in parallel in a one-out-of-two arrangement. Back tripping
shall be initiated by simultaneous operation of the current check relays and a breaker
failure timer. The trip output shall be capable of being isolated by means of an
isolating link. With the approval of the Engineer, the busbar protection tripping circuits
may be used for circuit breaker back tripping.
Operation of the breaker fail protection shall block manual and automatic reclosure of
the associated circuit breaker.
f)
Directional overcurrent and earth fault protection
Where directional overcurrent and earth fault devices are specified, directional
elements shall be voltage polarised.
The nominal operating boundary shall be 90 from the relay characteristic angle and
the operating time of the directional unit shall not exceed 20 ms at the relay
characteristic angle.
The relay shall be capable of operating correctly when both the operating current and
polarising voltage quantities are 1% of rated values at an angle equal to the relay
characteristic angle.
The residual voltage for earth faults may reach 190.5 V and therefore it should
withstand this value plus 10% continuously. The continuous withstand current should
be not less than twice rated current.
Directional overcurrent relays where specified shall comply with the foregoing and
additionally they shall be quadrature connected with a variable characteristic angle
ranging from minus 60 to +90.
The relays shall be thermally rated such that the operating time of the relay at the
highest practical current levels on any combination of current and time multiplier
settings shall not exceed the thermal withstand time of the relay.
g)
Overcurrent and earth fault inverse time protection
Overcurrent and earth fault relays where specified shall be of the electronic inverse
definite minimum type (IDMT) and shall have multi characteristics inverse, very
inverse, extremely inverse and definite. Directional delays of this type shall
incorporate directional element which gives maximum torque in a closing direction for
an operating current of 45 Deg. lagging power factor when applied to transformers
and 30 Deg. for plain feeders.
Overcurrent relay shall have a current range from 0.08 to 3.2 I n in steps of 25% and
the time setting adjustable from 0 to 3 seconds at 10 times the normal operating
current.
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
7
Inverse time earth fault elements shall comply with the foregoing but shall have a
range of settings from 0.005 to 0.8 In in steps of 10%.
Thermal rating of relay shall be such that operating time shall not exceed the relay
thermal withstand.
O/C and E/F relays of numerical type will be preferable.
h) Transformer overall protection
220/132 kV, 500 MVA auto transformer
The protection shall consist of two sets of overall differential protection consisting of
different type of relays, either from the same manufacturer or from different
manufacturers.
The overall differential relays shall be of approved type and shall have separate
facilities for adjustment of bias and operating settings. The minimum operating current
shall not be greater than 10 per cent of the rated current. The overall scheme
including main current transformers and relay shall be designed to ensure stability on
any transformer tap position under maximum through fault conditions with maximum
DC offset in the fault current. For the purposes of stability calculations, an infinite
source is to be assumed on each side of the transformer, in turn, and the through fault
current limited only by transformer impedance.
Stability during magnetising inrush current conditions shall be achieved by means of a
waveform recognition technique or other approved method. The tenderer shall advise
whether the relay includes any other harmonic filter or restraint.
i)Transformer restricted earth fault protection
Transformer windings shall be provided with restricted earth fault protection. Relays
shall preferably be of the high impedance circulating current type with necessary
protection against over voltages.
Relays shall have maximum sensitivity and minimum operating times consistent with
stability for faults outside the protected zone and on magnetising inrush surges.
132KV neutral current transformers shall be incorporated in the high voltage neutral
bushings of transformers and 33KV neutral current transformers in the metal clad
neutral earthing switchgear.
The line and neutral current transformers shall have identical turns ratio and matching
magnetisation characteristics.
j)
Stand-by fault protection
Where specified, for thermal protection of fault current limiting 33KV neutral earthing
resistors in the event of an uncleared fault, two stage definite time stand-by earth fault
protection shall be provided on the 33KV neutral circuit with current setting range 10%
to 40% of the rated current, and time setting adjustment from 2 to 30 secs.
k)
Definite settings and definite time delay earth fault protection
Where specified, transformer neutrals which are solidly earthed shall be provided with
neutral earth fault protection of a definite current/definite time delayed type.
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
8
The relays shall be supplied with adjustable settings such that protection can be
provided for the maximum proportion of the windings.
A time delay relay with two stages of adjustable settings shall be provided and the
characteristics and setting range of both relay shall be to approval.
l)
Buchholz protection
Transformers shall be fitted with Buchholz devices. The Buchholz device will be of the
two element type giving operation under gassing and under surge conditions.
All necessary flag indication tripping relays and alarm relays associated with this
protection shall be supplied and connected.
m)
Winding and Oil Temperature
Winding and oil temperature devices shall be provided, of the two stage type with
adjustable settings giving alarm and trip facilities.
The trip signals shall be arranged to trip the local 132 kV circuit breaker.
n)
Low Oil Level and Pressure Relief Devices
Transformers shall be provided with a low oil level device. This will have contacts for
raising remote alarm. Transformers shall also be provided with a pressure relief
device. This will have contacts for the purposes of remote alarm. Pressure relief
devices shall also be connected to trip both the HV and LV breakers.
o)
Tap Changer Oil Surge
Transformer tap changers shall be provided with an oil surge or pressure operated
device having contacts for purposes of alarm and trip.
The tap changer oil surge trip signal shall be arranged to trip the 220 kV and 132 kV
circuit breaker.
All necessary flag indication, tripping relays and alarm relays associated with this
protection shall be supplied and connected.
p)
Automatic reclosing equipment
All auto reclosers shall be of stand-alone type. Use of auto reclose function in any
other relay shall not be approved.
220 kV Overhead line feeder
Three pole and/or single pole, single reclosing equipment shall be provided for the
overhead line circuit breakers shot repetitive auto reclosing.
Reclosure shall be initiated following tripping by (I) the distance protection operating in
Zone 1 or in conjunction with a teleprotection receive signal and ii) the current
differential protection. Reclosure shall not be initiated in the event of a three phase
fault, nor any type of fault in the second or third back-up zones, nor when a direct
intertripping signal is received, nor when the circuit breaker is closed onto a fault on a
Date: May 16
Tender Documents

Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
9
previously de-energised line, nor when the DEF protection operates, nor if the
protection signaling is out of service.
The following modes of operation shall be selectable by means of a switch or
switches.
a) Single pole, high speed, auto-reclose. Auto-reclosure shall only be initiated in the
event of a single phase to earth fault. All other types of faults shall result in three
phase tripping without auto-reclosing.
b) Three pole delayed reclosing. Delaying reclosing shall only be initiated in the
event of a single phase or two phase fault. Three phase faults shall result in
tripping without auto-reclosing
c) Single pole, high speed and/or three phase delayed, auto-reclosing as
appropriate.
Single pole, high speed auto-reclosing shall be initiated only in the event of a single
phase-earth fault and delayed reclosing initiated in the event of a two phase fault.
Three phase tripping without re-closing shall take place for three phase faults.
d) No auto reclosing. Three phase tripping without auto-reclose shall take place for
any type of fault.
If a second earth fault occurs during the single pole auto-reclose dead time and the
selector switch is in the single and/or three pole reclosing mode, then three phase
tripping with subsequent delayed three pole auto-reclose shall take place. If the autoreclose selector switch is in the single pole reclose mode, three phase tripping with
lockout should follow. Any auxiliary relays required to meet this logic shall be deemed
included.
The high speed and delayed reclosing dead times have to be co-ordinated with the
equipment being provided at the remote substation.
The reclaim time i.e. the time period following the automatic reclosing of the circuitbreaker, during which any further fault results in three phase tripping and lockout, shall
be chosen to match the duty cycle of the circuit-breakers, assuming the shortest
available dead time is chosen. The reclaim time shall not, however, be less than five
seconds, and the reclaim timer range shall extend to 180 seconds. (The reclaim time
commences at the instant the reclose command is given to the circuit breaker and,
therefore, includes the circuit-breaker closing time). The rated duty cycle of the circuit
breaker as defined in IEC 60056 (and subsequent amendments) states that following
an initial trip and auto reclosure a further reclosure is not permitted for a further 3 min.
The closing command shall be limited to two seconds, after which time the reclosing
equipment shall be automatically reset without resetting the reclaim timer. The
reclosing equipment shall also reset if dead line check or synchronism check
conditions are not satisfied within a predetermined time of the check relays being
energised.
A counter shall be provided to record the number of reclosures and lockout after a
pre-selected number of reclosures has been reached.
For dead line charging voltage, monitoring relays shall check the condition of the line
and busbar and permit three pole reclosing only when the line is de-energised and the
busbar is energised.
Date: May 16
Tender Documents

Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
10
The line is considered to be de-energised when the voltage is less than twenty
percent of rated voltage, and the busbar is considered to be energised when the
voltage is greater than eighty percent of rated voltage. A signal shall be provided from
the dead line check relays for interlocking of the line earth switches to prevent the
switches being closed onto a live line.
When a voltage is present on both sides of a circuit breaker, the synchronism check
relay shall monitor the magnitudes of the two voltages across the open circuit breaker,
and the phase angle and slip frequency between these voltages. Closing shall only be
permitted when these are within prescribed limits.
Check synchronising relays shall be separate (stand alone type) and shall comply with
the requirements of this Specification. The same relays may be used as for manual
closing.
132 kV Overhead Line Feeders
At present, auto reclose shall be provided on 132 kV overhead line feeders and shall
be initiated following tripping by either main protection operating zone 1 or in
conjunction with a teleprotection received signal.
The auto reclose relay shall be separated from and, not integrated with any other
protection device.
The auto reclose shall be blocked for all three phase faults and any zone 2 or zone 3
fault.
The range of dead times i.e. the delay between tripping due to a fault and reclosing
the circuit breaker, shall cover the range 2-25 seconds and the range of reclaim times
shall be suitable for the 132 kV circuit breakers offered.
After the 132 kV breakers at both ends have been tripped due to a zone 1 phase to
phase or phase to earth line fault detected by distance protection relays at either end,
the feeder will be re-energised from one end after the expiry of the reclose dead time
followed by reclosing of the breaker at the other end after a predetermined time
interval which shall not be completed unless the system is in synchronism i.e. the line
has been energised and the check synchronising relay permits reclosure.
n) Trip Circuit and Power Supply Supervision
Trip circuit supervision relays shall be provided to monitor each of the trip circuits of
circuit-breakers and each relay shall have sufficient contacts for visual/audible alarm
and indication purposes.
The trip circuit supervision scheme shall provide continuous supervision of the trip
circuits of the circuit-breaker in either the open or closed position and independent of
Local or Remote selection at the local operating position. It shall be suitable for use in
single and three pole tripping schemes as appropriate.
If an auto reclose relay uses bridging contacts in the circuit breaker tripping scheme
where single pole tripping is employed, the bridging contacts provide an alternative
path for trip circuit supervision current and therefore a trip circuit failure in one phase
only, may not be detected. The trip circuit supervision scheme shall operate
satisfactorily and correctly under such conditions.
Date: May 16
Tender Documents

Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
11
Relay elements shall be delayed on drop-off to prevent false alarms during faults on
DC wiring on adjacent circuits, or due to operation of a trip relay contact.
Series resistance shall be provided in trip circuit supervision circuits to prevent
maltripping of a circuit-breaker if a relay element is short circuited.
Relay alarm elements should be equipped with self resetting flag indicators.
Where specified, time delayed power supply supervision relays shall be provided to
monitor the duplicated DC power supplies for tripping, closing, CB fail, Busbar
protection etc. within a relay panel. An alarm shall be given if either supply voltage
falls below 70% of nominal voltage for a period in excess of 3 s. The relay shall be
equipped with a self resetting flag indicator, and shall be suitable for continuous
operation at 125% of nominal DC voltage.
o) Synchronising
Manual synchronising facilities are required at all circuit breakers.
Set of double voltmeter, double frequency meter and a synchronoscope shall be
provided for each separate control board in a common housing.
The system provided under the Contract is to be to the approval of the Engineer and
is to be such that the synchronising circuit must be established before the circuitbreaker can be closed. Synchronising systems and equipment provided as extensions
to existing systems are to provide identical facilities and be of similar style and design
to the existing equipment. Check synchronising relays to prevent circuit-breaker
closing under adverse conditions are to be included.
Synchronising check relays where specified, shall check the phase and magnitude
and slip frequency of the voltage difference across the open circuit breaker with
contacts connected to prevent inadvertent manual closing outside acceptable limits.
A guard feature shall be provided to monitor the contacts of the check synchronising
relay to ensure these are not welded together or otherwise permanently closed.
Should this condition be detected, closing of the circuit breaker shall be prevented.
Means shall be provided to by-pass these relays when switching dead equipment or
lines, together with a warning lamp indicating that the relays are out of circuit.
It shall be possible when closing via Supervisory Control to close a circuit breaker
when both the line side and the busbar side of the circuit are dead by bypassing the
check synchronising relay.
This facility shall be switched into service via the supervisory control and immediately
prior to issuing the closing command and shall be disabled after the switching
operation has been completed. The dead line/dead busbar check shall be made by
means of 3 phase undervoltage devices. The primary circuit shall be deemed to be
dead if the voltage of all three phases is less than 20% of nominal voltage.
All controls, including control from SCS, shall go through check synchronizing relay,
even though the check synchronizing feature is included in the SCS software.
A set of double voltmeter, double frequency meter and a synchronoscope shall be
provided for each separate control board.
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
4.11.2
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
12
METERING
a)
General
Where specified, circuit shall be equipped with a commercial grade integrating kWh
meter including maximum demand indication and kVArh meter. Non-reversing ratchets
shall be fitted. Summation equipment shall be provided and all equipment shall be
installed on a separate panel.
b)
KWh Meters
Kilowatt hour integrating meters shall be of the induction disc 3 phase unbalanced
load type, or electronic type.
Case shall be subject to approval and shall be finished in bright black enamel.
Kilowatt-hour meters shall be provided with a maximum demand indication on a
pointer dial arranged for half hour resetting. The half hour resetting signal shall be
obtained from a time clock.
Metering shall be fitted with a transmitting unit to provide a pulse or switched output to
operate a summation scheme and to transmit information (magnitude and direction)
via a future supervisory system to a central control area. Six digits shall be provided,
direct reading type without use of multiplying factor.
c)
KVArh meters
kVArh meters shall be of the induction disc three phase unbalanced load type or
electronic of the same manufacture as the KWh meters with six digits and direct
reading type.
kVArh meters shall be equipped with impulse contacts having a pulsing rate of 10
kAVrh per pulse.
d)
Summation equipment
The summated half-hourly kW demand shall be recorded at 30-minute intervals on a

printometer. The integrated total kWh shall be separately indicated on a total register.
The 30 minutes printing interval shall be signaled from the time clock used for the
maximum demand indicator.
The kVArh pulses shall be summated and the integrated total kVArh shall be indicated
on a register.
Both kVArh and kWh summated values shall be used to drive a total kVA demand
indicator which shall be integrated over a 30 minutes period. The total kVA demand
shall be indicated on a pointer dial. The pointer shall be reset after the integration
period, which will be signaled as for the kW maximum demand indicator described
above. A manually reset kVA maximum demand pointer shall be included.
The summated kVAh pulses shall be registered on the printometer.
e)
Time clocks
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
13
The time clock used for measuring the half-hour intervals shall be operated from the
110V DC supply.
f)
Construction
All metering equipment shall be suitable for panel mounting in flush draw-out cases
and be in accordance with the general requirements of the specification.
g)
Auxiliary supplies
Auxiliary equipment should be suitable for operation from the 110V DC supply.
i)
Tariff metering
Duplicate tariff metering main and check group - metering equipment for each
direction - export and import, shall be provided to meter the energy exchanged
between Sohar Power Plant and 220 kV Sohar Power Plant Substation for each
generator and for two 11 kV feeders. The meters shall not be reversible. Export shall
be understood as energy flow from substation to the power plant and Import energy
flow from power plant to the substation. Similar two groups of metering equipment
shall be supplied for 11 kV feeders supplying power to desalinated water pump house
and shall be installed in the pump house 11 kV switchgear by substation Contractor.
The metering points to record the active power (MWh) and reactive power (MVArh)
exchange between the two systems shall be as follows:
For 220 kV net electrical import / export, the current and voltage transformers
supplied and
installed under this Contract in 220 kV GIS will measure current and
voltage from the outgoing high voltage terminals of 220 kV OH line feeder as shown
on the single line diagram.
Active energy meters shall be suitable for precision grade metering and shall be
calibrated to accuracy class index 0.2 in accordance with BS EN 60687 and providing
a measured accuracy of within 0.2%.
Reactive energy meters shall meet the requirements of the standard IEC 61268,
meter accuracy class 2.0.
The relationship between active and reactive energy with reference to Import and
Export shall be as follows:
Flow of active energy
Import
Import
Import
Export
Export
Export
Power factor
Lagging
Leading
Unity
Lagging
Leading
Unity
Flow of reactive energy

Import
Export
Zero
Export
Import
Zero
The meters shall be programmable logic, digital type power meters, and shall include
features for power analysis, data logging, set points, alarms, communication controls,
local user interface, etc. The two sets of metering facility shall consist of different
types of meters, either from the same manufacturer or different manufacturers.
The metering pulses shall be available for output to the Oman Load Dispatch Center.
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
14
The meters, shall be located within the 220 kV GIS substation control building in a
separate metering panel except meters for water transmission pump house.
The above metering system shall also be supplied and installed in the separate
metering panel in Sohar power plant substation interface room for two 220 kV cable
feeders connecting Sohar power plant substation and Aluminium Smelter power plant
substation.
j)
Transducers
As specified in subsection 4.13 clause 8.3 measurements of electrical quantities

without transducers are preferred and this clause shall be read in conjunction with that
stipulation.
Transducers shall be supplied to provide readings of MW, MVAr, kV, A and Frequency
(Hz) at the remote Load Dispatch Center. The transducers for the electrical quantities
will be driven from the substation VT-s and CT-s and shall produce a signal compatible
with the telecontrol equipment and shall comply with the requirements of IEC 60688-1.
Electrical measuring transducers for converting alternating quantities into DC
electrical quantities. Transducers of the static type are preferred and the auxiliary
electrical supplies required for their operation shall preferably be derived by internal
connections from the voltage circuit input.
MW and MVAr Transducers
These transducers shall provide a DC output proportional to the AC power or reactive
VA input for the measurement of three-phase loads and shall be suitable for reversible
flows.
The transducers rated input current and the rated input voltage shall be as listed in
the telecontrol facility schedules. The burden on the potential input shall be not
greater than 5VA with separate power supply unit and 12VA when self powered. The
burden on the current circuit shall be not greater than 2VA.
The peak-to-peak noise current delivered by the transducer shall not exceed 2% of
the maximum signal current. The response time shall be approximately 300
milliseconds to reach 90% to the full rated output. The accuracy shall be Class 0.2.
kV Transducers
The transducers shall provide a DC output proportional to the AC input voltage.
The rated input voltage shall be as listed in the telecontrol facility schedules. The
burden on the potential input shall not be greater than 2VA.
the maximum signal current. The response time shall be approximately 30o0
milliseconds to reach 90% of the full rated output. The accuracy shall be Class 0.2.
Current Transducers
These transducers shall provide a DC output proportional to the AC. input voltage.
burden on the potential input shall not be greater than 2VA.
Date: May 16

Tender Documents
Volume
Section
Subsection
Page
2
4
4.11
15
the maximum signal current. The response time shall be approximately 30o0
milliseconds to reach 90% of the full rated output. The accuracy shall be Class 0.5.
Frequency Transducers
These transducers shall convert a mains frequency of 50 Hz into a load-independent
DC output current which is proportional to the range 47.5 to 52.5 Hz.
burden on the potential input shall be not greater than 2VA. The accuracy shall be
Class 0.1.
Date: May 16

Vol 2 - 4.11 - Protection

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Vol 2 - 4.11 - Protection

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Independent Water and Power Project at Sohar

PROTECTION RELAYS AND METERING

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

4.11. PROTECTION RELAYS AND METERING

Protection equipment shall be designed and applied to provide maximum

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Main protection 1 current differential protection (back up directional

One main protection shall be provided for 132 kV overhead lines:

Main protection 1 distance protection a(back up directional overcurrent

220/132 kV 500 MVA autotransformers shall be provided with:

Two sets of biased differential protection

Protection shall detect phase and earth faults.

Relay shall be supplemented by power swing blocking relay. It shall be inhibited

Relay shall have on line test facility.

PT fuse failure blocking and alarm should be provided.

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Fault locator is to be included with accuracy of 2% of the route length.

Event and disturbance recorders are to be included.

220 kV OH line current differential protection

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

The busbar protection will be supplied from multi-ratio current transformers.

Circuit breaker failure protection

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Directional overcurrent and earth fault protection

Overcurrent and earth fault inverse time protection

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Stand-by fault protection

Definite settings and definite time delay earth fault protection

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Winding and Oil Temperature

Low Oil Level and Pressure Relief Devices

Tap Changer Oil Surge

Automatic reclosing equipment

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

Doc: IWPP - Vol. 2.4.11 Protection relays and metering

FICHTNER ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL

MHEW, Sultanate of Oman

The summated half-hourly kW demand shall be recorded at 30-minute intervals on a