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Curiosity (rover)

Curiosty rover introduction:Curiosity is a car-sized robotic rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's
Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL). As of May 9, 2016, Curiosity has been on
Mars for 1336 sols (1372 total days) since landing on August 6, 2012.
Curiosity was launched from Cape Canaveral on November 26, 2011, at 15:02 UTC
aboard the MSL spacecraft and landed on Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater on Mars on
August 6, 2012, 05:17 UTC. The Bradbury Landing site was less than 2.4 km (1.5 mi)
from the center of the rover's touchdown target after a 563,000,000 km
(350,000,000 mi) journey.

Goals and objectives

As established by the Mars Exploration Program, the main scientific goals of the
MSL mission are to help determine whether
Mars could ever have supported life,
as well as determining the role of water,
and to study the climate
and geology of Mars.
The rover's goals include: investigation of the Martian climate and geology
assessment of whether the selected field site inside Gale Crater has ever offered
environmental conditions favorable for microbial life
The mission will also help prepare for human exploration
including investigation of the role of water; and planetary habitability studies in
preparation for future human exploration.
Curiosity's design will serve as the basis for the planned Mars 2020 rove
In December 2012, Curiosity's two-year mission was extended indefinitely

Specifications
Curiosity comprised 23 percent of the mass of the 3,893 kg (8,583 lb) Mars Science
Laboratory (MSL) spacecraft, which had the sole mission of delivering the rover safely
across space from Earth to a soft landing on the surface of Mars. The remaining mass
of the MSL craft was discarded in the process of carrying out this task.

Dimensions: Curiosity has a mass of 899 kg (1,982 lb) including 80 kg (180 lb)
of scientific instrumentsThe rover is 2.9 m (9.5 ft) long by 2.7 m (8.9 ft) wide by
2.2 m (7.2 ft) in height

The NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) is an international network of antennas that
provide the communication links between the scientists and engineers on Earth to the
missions in space and on Mars.
The DSN consists of three deep-space communications facilities placed approximately
120 degrees apart around the world: at Goldstone, in California's Mojave Desert; near
Madrid, Spain; and near Canberra, Australia. This strategic placement permits constant
observation of spacecraft as the Earth rotates on its own axis.
Preventing Busy Signals

The Deep Space Network (DSN) communicates with nearly all spacecraft flying
throughout our solar system.
In addition, the Mars Exploration Rovers are still busy on the surface of Mars and
NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has joined the other martian orbiters. The DSN
antennas are extremely busy trying to track all of these space missions at once. The
Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft must therefore share time on the DSN antennas. A
sophisticated scheduling system with a team of hundreds of negotiators around the
world ensures that each mission's priorities are met.
During critical mission events, such as landing on Mars, multiple antennas on Earth and
the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter track the signals from the spacecraft to minimize risk
of loss of communication. During the landing operations phase on the martian surface,
the Mars Science Laboratory is expecting to utilize the Multiple Spacecraft Per Aperture
(MSPA) capability of the DSN, which allows a single DSN antenna to receive downlink
from up to two spacecraft simultaneously.

Doppler Data
In order to calculate the speed that a spacecraft is flying, engineers use Doppler data to
plot velocity along the line of sight between Earth and the spacecraft.The Mars Science
Laboratory spacecraft commmunicates with controllers on the ground by radio signals.
Ground controllers know the frequency of the signal that is emitted from the spacecraft.,
engineers (or, more accurately, computers) compare the received frequency with the
emitted frequency to get the Doppler shift. Its then straightforward to find the velocity
that would cause the resulting Doppler shift

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