LRT

Replies from the readers

What are the factors to be considered in spinning while deciding the diameter & flange
width of ring?
Mr.Rm.Lakshmanan, Technical Adviser, Nagammai Cotton Mills, Vikravandi, Tamilnadu
It is known that in Ring Spinning System, the Rings on the spinning frames are acting as a platform
and facilitates for the yarn spinning out of the drafted fibre strand from the nip of the delivery rollers.
Flange Width and Diameter are the two principal criteria while designing and deciding the
geometry of the rings.
Ring Flange: Yarn cross sectional size or the Diameter determines and decides the flange width of
rings. Yarn diameter implies yarn count and the material spun. Coarser counts or thicker yarn shall
demand higher Traveller mass, i.e., heavier Traveller with more bow height and in turn needs larger
bearing or contact area between rings and Traveller to dissipate the hectic heat generation in
milliseconds to keep up the Traveller life span to acceptable status besides effective turning of fibre
bunch - twist insertion of the yarn under the influence of Traveller and is obvious to go in for wider
and harder racing path way - flange width. In contrary, for medium and finer yarn count with moderate
or lesser yarn diameter, lighter Traveller mass, i.e., lighter Traveller with low bow height will do and is
sequel to have lower flange width.
In view of all the facts altogether, the ring flange is recommended as follows:
20s and coarser - 2 Flange Rings with 4.00 MM width
Medium and Fine count 1 flange rings with 3.20 MM width
120s to 200 Flange Rings with 2.60 MM width
Ring Diameter:Spindle Gauge: It is obvious that it can not be accommodated rings with diameter more than the
spindle to spindle distance. Likewise, we may not exactly occupy the available whole space between

the distance. The reason as we know, for practical purposes say, for balloon containing, free balloon
area, and for comfortable working space it is good to have the Ring diameter not to exceed spindle
gauge below 25 MM. For instance, if spindle gauge is 70 MM Ring diameter should not exceed (70
25) 45 MM. This is only a guide line and can be yet lesser than 45 MM upon other implications.
Spindle speed and count of yarn spun: Higher the Spindle speeds, better to have lesser Ring
diameter in relevance to the count of yarn spun to sustain the Ring Traveller life with higher rate of
twist, with the matching Spindle Lift. In the cases of spinning very coarser yarn, say 20s and coarser,
bigger Ring Diameter may be apt to cope up with heavier ring Travellers with low rate of twist.
Balloon Control Rings: Inner diameter of balloon control rings should be 3.00 MM more than the
Ring Diameter. It could be preferable to have about 2 or 3 MM bigger diameter than that of Rings.
Too small balloon control rings make the yarn abrade the tip of the Ring tubes and too bigger
diameter may not match enough to suppress the yarn balloon.
Ring Tube Diameter: The tip of the Ring tube Diameter is also one of the factors to be considered
for Ring Diameter. If the value of the tip diameter of Ring tube over Ring Diameter is very less, that
could impose more stress and strain on Ring Traveller and if the value is more that will hinder the
yarn balloon and aggravate yarn hairiness. For all reasons, Ring Diameter should be about two times
of middle of the tube Diameter.
Ring Tube Length: It is advisable and appropriable to have the 20% of the Ring Tube length as the
Rings Diameter for suppressing the balloon with low impact on end breakage with enhanced life span
of Ring Travellers. If the Ring Diameter is less than 1/5th of tube length, probability of yarn balloon
hitting the tip of tube is very high.
ENCAPSULATION:Flange Width of Rings solely relies on yarn diameter. In all practical course, it appears yarn 20s and
coarser, demands more Flange width with bigger diameter Rings for larger bearing and contact area
of Ring Traveller to improve Traveller life span with facilitating effective twist insertion and 20s finer
yarns could match with lesser Ring Flange width and lesser Ring Diameter to meet out higher spindle
speeds and higher rate of twist. Whereas, diameter of the Rings needs to relate with the spindle
gauge, in line with the spindle speed and yarn count and its rate of twist with appropriate lift of
spindles, Ring tube diameter, Ring tube length coupled with ABC ring inner diameter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr.R.Velliangiri, Assistant General Manager, Jayavarma Textiles (P) Limited, Kunnathur,
Tamilnadu
Factors to be considered in spinning while deciding the diameter & flange width of ring

Raw Material: According to raw material, we have to decide Ring diameter and Flange width, since
the heat generation between Ring and Traveller will differs for Cotton and manmade fibres which will
reflects on Spindle speed and end breakages.
Fibre Length: Before deciding the Ring Diameter and Flange width of ring, we have to consider the
fibre length, since the count and short fibre content will affect the Ring and Traveller performance.
Count to be spun: The Ring Diameter and flange width will be decided mainly for Count to be spun.
Since the possible spindle speed to be decided for every count and on basis of this only we have to
decide ring diameter and flange width of the ring, because for every ring Diameter and flange width
there is a speed limitations.
Spindle Lift: The spindle lift of a Spinning frame to be considered, while deciding ring diameter and
flange width. The Spindle lift always should be only 5 times higher than Ring Diameter. The variation
in these 5 times will be affecting the yarn stretch during yarn travelling and winding from the front
roller nip to Spindle. The mismatch of Spindle Lift, Ring Diameter, ABC Ring Diameter will results in
higher end breaks.
Twist per Inch: The twist per inch given to any yarn will reflects on Spindle speed and Traveller
speed which will results higher wear and tear of Ring and Traveller. Hence, the Ring Diameter and
flange width should be decided according to the twist per inch on basis of single yarn or double yarn
and the related TPI given to the yarn.
Type of Spinning: The Ring Diameter and Flange width of the Ring to be decided on basis of type of
spinning also. For compact, we have to go for lesser diameter and lesser flange width due to yarn
character and the heat generated between Ring and Traveller. In compact yarn the hair in the yarn
will be very less and the obstruction for the Traveller to run in the ring will be very less. So, we will go
for high speed with less TPI results higher production. For higher spindle speed we should prefer
lesser diameter rings. Otherwise, in normal spinning the yarn hairiness will obstruct the Traveller
running and Traveller loading and results higher end breaks. To avoid higher end breaks in normal
spinning with lesser ring diameter, we are fixing higher noil percentage in comber.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr.TMS Balaji, Senior Engineer Maintenance, Super Spinning Mills, Karur, Tamilnadu
Deciding of the ring diameter and flange is the main criteria in a spinning mills. Wrong selection of ring
diameter leads to various problems which directly affect the spinning working performance and
production. So we have to give special care for this deciding factor. We have to consider the count,
spindle speed, traveller speed, ring tube, spindle lift
1. COUNT: According count to be spun in spinning, we have to decide the ring diameter to achieve
maximum cop weight with higher GPS
a. Up to 20s count - 42 MM

b. 20s to 40s - 38 MM
c. 40s to 100s- 36 MM
d. 100s & Finer - 36MM
2. RING FLANGE: Ring flange will be decided as follows
a. One flange (3.2MM ring width) - 100s & Coarser
b. Half flange (2.6 MM ring width) - 100s & Finer
3. SPINDLE SPEED: Spindle speed will be decided by count and Traveller speed, these two factors
directly related to the Grams per spindle
4. RING TUBE:Ring diameter X 5 = Ring tube length
42 MM - 210 MM length
38 MM - 200 MM length
36 MM - 180 MM length
5. SPINDLE LIFT:
210 MM length tube - 190 MM lift
200 MM length tube - 180 MM lift
180 MM length tube - 160 MM lift
The following chart will enable to take apt decision regarding ring diameter and flange:
COUNT
20s &
Coarser
20s &
Coarser
20s &
Coarser
20s &
Coarser

RING

SPINDLE

R/T SPEED

DIA

SPEED

M/S

42 MM

17500 RPM

38.4

Two

210 MM

190 MM

42 MM

17500 RPM

38.4

Two

210 MM

190 MM

42 MM

17500 RPM

38.4

Two

210 MM

190 MM

42 MM

17500 RPM

38.4

Two

210 MM

190 MM

FLANGE

TUBE

SPINDLE

LENGTH

LIFT

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr.V Sridharan, Spinning Master, Narasus Spinning Mills Limited, Omalur, Tamilnadu
The selection of ring flange & ring diameter in spinning is very important one. It is first according to
produce count range. The flange number denotes the width of top side of ring Traveller in MM.
One flange is having the width of 3.2 MM, two flange is with 4.00 MM and half flange is 2.60MM width.

Normally one flange rings is used for spinning and two flange rings is used for doubling. The following
is the guide lines to select the ring diameter in spinning.
RING DIA IN MM

COUNT RANGE

36 MM

80 & finer

38/40 MM

40s to 80s

42/45 MM

18s to 40s

48/51 MM

6s to 18s

The following factors are to be considering while choosing ring diameter 1. Count & the
Traveller speed to be considered for selecting ring diameter.
2. Ring diameter should be 1/5 th of the ring tube.
3. Ring diameter should be lesser than 1.8 2.0 times with the middle of ring tube diameter
4. The ABC ring should be 2 -3 MM more than ring diameter
For Anti-wedge rings with elliptical Traveller can be use for higher spindle speed with better Traveller
life.
The selection of flange is mainly based on the yarn count. Two flange rings to be selected for coarser
count below 16s for heavy and bigger Traveller path. One flange ring is to be selected for more than
20s for getting higher productivity with best quality.
Ring diameter:While selecting the Ring diameter, the following points to be considered.
a) Spindle speed
b) Tube diameter
c) Tube length
d) Balloon control ring
e) Yarn count and TPI
Spindle speed:Based on the spindle speed and count processed, the ring diameter should be
selected. To achieve the higher spindle speed for a particular count, it is required to go with smaller
diameter of the rings in order to maintain the Traveller speed.
Tube diameter:Ring Diameter should be 2 times that of middle of tube diameter. If tube diameter is
too small, there will be higher yarn tension and more worn-out of Traveller, which leads more ends
down rate. If tube diameter is too large, which results in more hairy and ends down due to disturbance
of balloon
Tube length:The proportion of Ring diameter and Tube Length should be 1:5 to achieve optimum
balloon and balloon tension. If too long tube length, yarn balloon will contact the tip of the tube,
resulting in more breaks and poor yarn quality. If tube length is short, yarn tension will be more.

Balloon control ring:It should be 2-3 MM more than Ring diameter.

Yarn count/TPI: Determined by spinning geometry. For Coarser count, low TM, low delivery rate,
lesser spindle speed, hence, use large Ring Diameter , two flange rings with long Spinning tubes and
vice versa.
Recommended Ring Diameter/Traveller Speed
Count

Ring Diameter

Traveller speed

16-40s

45/42 MM

30 to 40 meters/second

24-70s

40/38 MM

35 to 42 meters/second

70s and finer

36 MM

30 to 42 meters/second

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr. Vikram C.Patil, Assistant Manager Maintenance, Vitthal Corporation Limited,

Mahisgaon, Maharastra
Ring diameter depends on yarn tension (Ballooning), Spindle Lift, Tube length, Tube diameter & Cop
content etc. For better yarn tension ratio between bobbin length Vs inside Ring diameter should be
5:1. Ring diameter should be 1.8 to 2 times more than middle of the Ring Tube diameter & 4 to 6 MM
lesser than balloon control ring. Finally yarn count pattern, productivity, speed & require Traveller
speed to be considered for deciding the Ring diameter.
The selection of Ring Flange is mainly depending upon the yarn count to be produced. According to
the yarn count Traveller will be selected. For coarse count, where yarn diameter is more, widen bow,
bigger size & heavy weight Traveller will be required. For perfect ring raceway bigger size heavy
Traveller also required strong & widen ring flange to get the proper twisting operation & maximum ring
& ring Traveller life. Hence for coarse count range -Two Flange rings are used i.e. 4.0 MM Flange
width for 20s and coarser. While for finer count range, where yarn diameter is low light weight & lower
bow size Traveller being used to get the maximum Traveller speed & higher twisting with low end
breaks rate & high productivity. Hence finer & medium count range one flange Rings are
recommended i.e. 3.2 MM Flange width for 20s and finer
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr.K.Ravikanth, Manager QA, Suryalakshmi Cotton Mills Limited, Amanagal, Telangana
Ring Flange and Diameter selection totally depends on the count range. Popular is Flange one, which
is used right from 20s 60s with diameter of 38 MM depends upon the count range.
Flange two is useful to spin very coarse count, where Ring Diameter will be very high and Flange half
is useful in spinning very fine counts with smaller diameter of Ring and selection of these two seldom

varieties can be in consultation with the machinery suppliers.

Let us consider the case of popular one Flange one rings. Selection of Ring Diameter plays major
role. If the count range is 20-30s then 38MM is ideal, for 40s and above 36MM is ideal and 40MM may
be the least preferred size of Ring that too count is below 20s always. The principle is lesser the
diameter, higher the Traveller speed, which is generally expressed in meters/second. As the yarn is
wound by Automatic winders, there is no much importance for the cop content. So, this point is being
utilized to go for least size of ring diameter and highest possible spindle speeds. With the introduction
of Auto doffer Ring frames with Link coners, it has become very convenient to use least size of rings.
It is a new angle that 2.0 MM lesser diameter Ring than recommended is useful to control the pushed
up neps problem in synthetic coarse count yarn spinning and the reason is Traveller burn out is
reduced in lesser Diameter Ring compared to higher Diameter Ring. Even for 15s count 38 MM ring
will be the best choice than 40 MM to get the best working at highest possible spindle speeds at
minimum Traveller burnt out. This is the Best example for the importance of selection Ring diameter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr. K.T.Seenivasan, Assistant Manager, Sri Lakshmi Saraswathi Textiles ( Arni ) Limited,
Arni, Tamilnadu
The selection of ring flange is mainly depending upon the yarn diameter or yarn count. Two flange
rings to be selected for count range below 20s for heavy & bigger size Traveller raceway, one flange
rings for above 20s and flange rings for super fine counts like above 100s for higher productivity ,
better quality and ring & Traveller life.
Below factor to be taken in to consideration while selecting ring diameter: Ring diameter can be chosen 25 MM smaller at a maximum with regard to the spindle to spindle
gauge
Ring diameter should be1.8 to 2.1 times with middle of the spinning tube diameter
Ring diameter should be 1/5th of the spinning tube length
Ring diameter should be 2 to 3 MM lesser as compared to ABC ring
Ring diameter should be considered based on count pattern & require Traveller speed
Recommended ring diameter according to count range & Traveller speed
Ring diameter

Allowable max Traveller speed

Suitable count range

51/48 MM

25 to 32 meters/second

6s to 20s

45/42 MM

30 to 40 meters/second

16s to 40s

40/38 MM

35 to 42 meters/second

24s to 80s

36 MM

30 to 42 meters/second

70s and above

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