PARKING STUDIES

SEMINAR REPORT
APRIL 2016

Submitted to
Dr A. GOWRI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NITK SURATHKAL

Submitted by
LAGUSANI SIVA PRASAD GOUD 13CV126

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA,
SURATHKAL, MANGALORE-575025

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA,

SURATHKAL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled PARKING STUDIES that is being
submitted by the student LAGUSANI SIVA PRASAD GOUD(13CV126) as a
part of seminar project during the even semester of 2015-16 is a record of
bonafide work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. The
results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to any other
University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Dr. A. Gowri

Dr. K. N. Lokesh

Asst. Professor

Professor and Head

Dept. of Civil Engineering

Dept. of Civil Engineering

NITK, Surathkal

NITK, Surathkal

Mangalore

Mangalore

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, we would like to thank the Head of Department, Dr. K.N. Lokesh for giving us this
opportunity to take up a Mini Project this semester which helped us broaden our horizons in
our field of interest.
Secondly, our sincere gratitude to Dr. A. Gowri for accepting our request to guide us over the
course of the project throughout the semester, and taking time off her busy schedule to have
frequent project discussions and continuously monitoring our work . She has been a strong
pillar of motivation and has shared her wisdom regarding the subject and general project
procedures thus molding our overall approach towards the project.
We would also like to thank Dept. of Civil Engineering, NITK Surathkal for all their support
and help.

ABSTRACT

The main aim of this project is to know about different types in parking. Normally we can see
in the multiplexes, cinema halls, large industries, and function halls there is problem they
have to go and search which line is empty and which line having place to park the vehicle, for
parking then they need workers for parking in correct position it is the money consumed
process. So to avoid this problem Car Parking System project is implemented.

This study was mainly aimed to find the present parking scenario in
the area which included parking demand, parking supply and to suggest suitable solutions to
meet the parking problems. Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the
increasing road traffic. It is an impact of transport development. The availability of less space
in urban areas has increased the demand for parking space especially in areas like Central
business district. This affects the mode choice also. This has a great economical impact.

CONTENTS Page No.

1.

INTRODUCTION

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

3. DATA COLLECTION

10

4. DATA EXTRACTION

11

5. ANALYSIS OF LATERAL GAPS

13

RESULTS

6. CONCLUSIONS

LIMITATIONS

REFERENCES

19

19

AND

PARKING STUDIES
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1.General
One of the problems created by road traffic is parking. Not only do vehicles require street
space to move about, but also do they require space to park where the occupants can be
loaded an unloaded. The period over which a car is parked is very great compared with the
time it is in motion. The size of average parking space is 14 m 2. It is roughly estimated that
out of 8760 hours in a year, the car runs on an average for only 400 hours, leaving 8360
hours when it is parked. Every car owner would wish to park the car as closely as possible to
his destination so as to minimize his walking. This results in a great demand for parking
space in the CBD and other areas where the activities are concentrated. With the growing
population of motor vehicles, the problem of parking has assumed serious proportions.
Parking control has become the chief means available to cities all over the world to
limit congestion. It is the enforcement of laws and regulations. Illegally parked cars are seen
almost everywhere. Traffic congestion is like a malignant disease and due to lack of car
parking facilities in the centre of cities, land values tend to fall. The ideal solution would be

to rebuild our cities to the requirements of the motor car age. Such proposals may be
included in a long term plan. But motor vehicles must be accommodated urgently otherwise
the consequences may be very serious resulting in the loss of business and property values.
The provision and citing of car parks should be related to the future traffic flow of the
roads that will be carrying traffic to the city or town. The wise sitting of car parks can make
it possible to increase the number of cars that can be parked in a city centre, without causing
congestion. When considering the adaptation of city centers to accommodate the motor car,
the pedestrians must also be considered. While cars are permitted to circulate our city
centers, there must be some regulation control which will give the maximum use of the
space available. This will be to the advantage of everyone concerned. Adequate planned and
organize car parking is essential to the life of our cities. The local authorities must be strong
minded on this subject. Car parks are not likely to make big profits as a business house. But
adequate car parking is a necessary part of development in a city centre and without it trade
cannot prosper.
One of the problems created by road traffic is parking. Not only do vehicles require
street space to move about, but also do they require space to park where the occupants can
be loaded and unloaded. A systematic study of the parking characteristics and demand and
regulatory measures that are possible for controlling parking is of great help to a traffic
engineer as well as town planner.

1.1 Ill-effects of Parking

1.1.1

Congestion
One of the serious ill-effects of parking is the loss of street space and the resulting

traffic congestions. The capacity of the streets is reduced, the journey speed drops down and
the journey time and delay increase. The operational cost of vehicles is thereby increased,
causing serious economic loss to the community.

1.1.2

Accidents

The maneuvers associated with parking and unparking are known to cause road accidents.
Careless opening of the doors of parked vehicles, moving out of a parked position and

bringing a car to he parking location from the mainstream of traffic are some of the common
causes of parking accidents.

1.1.3

Obstruction to Fire Fighting Operations

Parked cars obstruct the movement of fire fighting vehicles and greatly impede their
operations. They block access to hydrants and access to buildings.

1.1.4

Effect on Environment
Parked vehicles degrade the environment of the town centre. Stopping and starting of

vehicles result in noise and fumes. Cars parked into every little available space debase the
visual aesthetics and buildings seems to rise from a plinth of cars.
In spite of the above ill-effects, parking has to be allowed on the streets or off the
streets close to the users destination. The well being of the community and the town centre
demands that great thought should be bestowed with the parking needs and how best to
fulfill them.