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FOR
ENERGY AUDITORS
PAPER 4: ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FOR EQUIPMENT
AND UTILITY SYSTEMS (Set A)
Section - I:
Marks: 10 x 1 = 10
In the field testing for efficiency of induction motors which loss is assumed?
Stray loss
S-2
S-3.
A cogeneration plant with a back pressure turbine has a constant steam demand
and fluctuating power demand. What is the best option to meet the fluctuating
power demand?
Parallel operation with grid
S-4
Why are boiler feed water tanks and deaerators, feeding to boiler feed pumps
always kept at an elevated position?
To take care of NPSH requirements.
Otherwise vapour lock and cavitation will occur.
S-5
S-6
Why does a wind generator produce lesser power in summer than in winter at the
same wind speed?
Because the air density is lower in summer
S-7
Why do biomass combustion qualify for CDM benefits even though they emit
carbon dioxide?
Because it absorbs the same amount of carbon in growing as it releases when
consumed as fuel.
S-8
S-9
What are the two major sources of waste heat available from a water-cooled
Diesel Generator set?
Exhaust flue gases and Cooling water
S-10
For determining heat loss in flue gases due to incomplete combustion which flue
gas constituent needs to be measured?
Carbon monoxide
Section - II:
Marks: 2 x 5 = 10
2160000 kCal/hr
4oC
2160000 / 4
540 m3/hr
Hydraulic power
2 Marks
2 Marks
Shaft power to the pump
Pump efficiency
77 kW x 0.9
69.3 kW
36.8 / 69.3
53 %
1 Mark
L-2
12 X 7
84 m2
1 Mark
3 0.75
2.25 m
1 Mark
Room Index (RI)
LxW
Hm (L + W)
RI
12 x 7
2.25 (12 + 7)
1.96
1 Mark
Total circuit watts of the installation
Watts per m2
Average lux level measured
Actual lux per watt/m2
Target Lux/W/m2 lux for type of the
type of office application and RI of
1.96 (Refer Table 10.2)
Installed Load Efficacy Ration (ILER)
Annual Energy wastage
Energy Saving Potential
1600 W
1600/84
19.04 W/m2
650 lux
650/19.04
34.13 lux/W/m2
46 lux/W/m2
34.13/46
0.74
(1 ILER) x watts x No of Hours
(1 0.74) x 1600 x 8 hrs/day x 300 days
998400 Wh/year
998 KWh/Year
2 Marks
Section - III:
Numerical Questions
Marks: 4 x 20 = 80
Based on the following data, you as an Energy Auditor have the task to quickly
assess the possibility of installing a Coconut Shell fired boiler in order to have
steam for Vapor Absorption System for air conditioning of a abrasive
manufacturing facility. Daily availability of Coconut Shell can be taken as 4.5
Tonnes/day.
Other data
0.85
Annual operating cost
3
Coconut shell consumption
Cost per annum
4 Marks
0.85 x 200 TR x 0.7 x 5.5 x 8000 / 0.93
Rs.56.3 lakhs
4 Marks
182 kg/hr
182 x 8000 x 0.7 x Rs 2/kg
Rs.20.4 lakhs
4 Marks
4 Annual savings
56.3 20.4
Rs. 35.9 lakhs
Payback period
60 /35.9
1.67 years or 20 months
2 Marks
2 Marks
N-2
Discount
Factor 9%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.000
0.917
0.842
0.772
0.708
0.650
0.596
0.547
0.502
0.460
0.422
Project 1
Net
Present
Savings
Value (Rs)
(Rs)
-115000
-115000
20000
18349
20000
16834
20000
15444
20000
14169
20000
12999
20000
11925
20000
10941
20000
10037
20000
9209
28000
11827
Project 2
Net
Present Value
Savings
(Rs)
(Rs)
-150000
-150000
20000
18349
20000
16834
20000
15444
25000
17711
25000
16248
25000
14907
25000
13676
25000
12547
25000
11511
35000
14784
Year
Discount
Factor 9%
Project 1
Net
Present
Savings
Value (Rs)
(Rs)
NPV
+9976
9 Marks
Project 2
Net
Present Value
Savings
(Rs)
(Rs)
NPV
+2009
9 Marks
If salvage value is not taken correctly 6 Marks may be given for each of the NPV
calculation if every other calculation is right
It can be seen that over a 10 year life span, the NPV for project 1 is Rs.9976/=
while for project 2, it is Rs, 2,009. Hence Project 1 is the preferential proposal.
2 Marks
N-3
In an air cooled heat exchanger hot fluid (specific heat:1 kCal/kg o C) is entering at
a temperature of 80 0C and leaving at a temperature of 38 0C. Flow rate of the
hot fluid is 63450 kg/hr.
Air is entering at a temperature of 30 0C and leaving at a temperature of 60 0C.
Flow rate of the air is 370057 kg/hr. Power drawn by the fan is 30 kW. The plant
persons want to replace it with a water cooled counter flow plate heat exchanger.
Given data:
Annual operating hours
Pump Efficiency
Motor efficiency
: 4800 hrs
: 75%
: 90 %
M x Cp h x (Ti - To)
63450 x 1 x (80 - 38)
2664900 Kcal / Kg
(OR)
2 Marks
Heat duty in cold Air
2664410 Kcal / Kg
Effectiveness of water cooled 0.4
heat exchanger
Effectiveness
Cold Water outlet Cold water inlet
Hot effluent inlet Cold water inlet
Cold Water Outlet
(0.4 x (80 25)) + 25
47 OC
4 Marks
Mass flow rate of cooling water
(M)
a) N4. A chemical plant is operating a 40 ton per hour Furnace oil fired boiler. It
has decided to indent a new energy efficient dual fuel fired boiler (furnace oil and
hydrogen with hydrogen meeting 20% of the thermal needs) to meet its steam
demand. The unit has decided to bundle carbon credits due to installation of clean
technologies by partial switching over to carbon free fuels. (The efficiency of the
existing furnace oil fired boiler and dual fuel fired boiler are same.)
The plant is seeking your services by assigning the following sub- tasks utilizing
your understanding about Combustion of fuels. You are required to compute:
a) Theoretical air, Furnace oil requirement per year and CO 2 per kg of oil for the
existing Furnace oil fired boiler.
b) Reduction in CO2 emissions by with proposed dual fuel fired boiler.
c) CO2 emissions if the boiler were to be completely on natural gas and the ratio of
emissions of gas firing to oil firing.
Furnace Oil characteristics
GCV of Oil
Specific gravity of oil
Ultimate analysis
% Carbon
% Hydrogen
% Sulphur
% Oxygen
% Nitrogen
= 10200 Kcal/kg
= 0.92
= 84%
= 12%
= 3%
= Nil
= 1%
b)
Efficiency of boiler
Heat output
86%
40000x (660-80)
23.2 million Kcal/hr
2 3.2/0.86
26.97 million Kcal/hr
Heat input
2 Marks
26.97*10^6/10200
2645 kg/hr
2.65 Tonnes/hr
2 Marks
Bi-fuel hydrogen firing will reduce oil requirement and emissions by 20%
Yearly furnace oil requirement
2.65 * 0.8 * 8000
16960 Tonnes/year
Emissions reductions
8146* 0.2 (burning Hydrogen does not produce
CO2)
1629.2 kg/hr
1.63*8000
13040 Tonnes
Emissions reduction/year
5 Marks
c)
Natural Gas consumption /year
16960 x (0.86/0.81)
18007 Tonnes
2 Marks
0.74 x (44/12)
2.71
CO2 emission with natural gas firing 2.71* 18007
48,800 Tonnes/year
2 Marks
Emissions
with Gas firing
Emissions with oil firing
2.71 x 18007
3.08X16960
0.934
2 Marks