Documenti di Didattica
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Documenti di Cultura
Era
Period
Epoch
Duration
in
Millions
of Years
Time from
beginning to
present
(Millions of
Years)
Geological
Conditions
End of last age.,
climate warmer
Recent
0.025
0.025
Pleistocene
Repeated
glaciations; Ice
ages
12
Continued rise
of mountains of
Western North
America:
volcanic activity
28
Sierra
and
cascade
mountains
formed;
volcanic activity
in
northwest
U.S.;
climate
cooler
Quaternary
Pliocene
Cenozoic
(Age of
Mammals)
Miocene
II
16
Tertiary
Oligocene
Eocene
11
19
39
Lands
lower,
climate warmer
58
Mountains
eroded;
no
continental
seas; climate
warmer
Plant Life
Decline of
Woody
plants; rise
of
herbaceous
ones
Great
extinction
of Species
Decline of
forests;
spread of
grasslands;
flowering
plants,
monocotyl
edons
developed
60
Age of man
Extinction of great
mammals; first human
social life
Mammals
evolution;
apes.
Maximum
spread of
forests; rise
of
monocotyl
edons,
flowering
plants
Paleocene
17
75
Rocky Mountain Revolution (Little destruction of Fossils)
Cretaceous
Animal Life
Placental
mammals
diversified and specialized,
hoofed
mammals
and
carnivores established
Spread of archaic mammals
135
Andes,
Alps,
Himalayas,
Rockies formed
late;
earlier
inland seas and
swamps; chalk,
shale deposited
First
monocotyledons;
first oak and
maple
forests;
gymnosperms
declined
Increase
of
dicotyledons,
cycads
and
conifers common
Gymnosperms
dominant
declining toward
Mesozoic
(Age of
Reptiles)
Jurassic
30
165
Continents fairly
high; shallow seas
over some of
Europe
and
western U.S
Triassic
40
205
Continents
exposed;
widespread
at height of
first man-like
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Dinosaurs
reached peak,
became
extinct;
toothed birds
became
extinct, first
modern birds;
archaic
mammals
common
First toothed
birds;
dinosaurs
larger
and
specialized;
insectivorous
marsupials
First
dinosaurs,
pterosaurs
desert conditions;
many
land
deposits
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Carboniferous
Paleozoic
(Age of
Ancient
life)
Proterozoic
Archeozoic
end; extinction of
seed ferns
Decline
lycopods
horsetails
Many ancient
animals died
out; mammals
like reptiles;
modern
insects arose
First reptiles;
insects
common;
spread
of
ancient
amphibians
Sea lilies at
height; spread
of
ancient
sharks
of
and
Great forests of
seed ferns and
gymnosperms
Mississippian
Carboniferous
25
280
Climate
warm
and humid at
first, cooler later
as land rose
Devonian
45
325
Smaller
inland
seas; land higher,
more
arid;
glaciations
Silurian
35
360
Extensive
continental seas;
lowlands
increasingly arid
as land rose
First
definite
evidence of land
plants;
algae
dominant
Ordovician
65
425
Great
submergence of
land;
warm
climates even in
Arctic
Land
plants
probably
first
appeared;
marine
algae
abundant
Cambrian
80
505
Marine algae
Lycopods
and
horsetails
dominant;
gymnosperms
increasingly
widespread
First forests; land
plants
well
established; first
established
Primitive aquatic
plants-algae,
fungi
First
amphibians;
lung
fishes
sharks
abundant
Marine
arachnids
dominants;
first(wingless)
insets; rise of
fishes
First
fishes
probably fresh
water; corals,
trilobites
abundant;
diversified
molluscs
Trilobites,
branchiopods
dominant;
most modern
phyla
established
Various
marine
protozoa;
towards end,
molluscs,
worms, other
marine
invertebrates
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