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Contents
Prior learning
Topics
Topic 1Algebra
Topic 4Vectors
Topic 6Calculus
Formulae
Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram
A = bh
Area of a triangle
1
A = (b h)
2
Area of a trapezium
1
A = ( a + b) h
2
Area of a circle
A = r 2
Circumference of a circle
C = 2r
Volume of a pyramid
1
V = (area of base vertical height)
3
V = l w h
Volume of a cylinder
V = r 2 h
A = 2rh
Volume of a sphere
4
V = r 3
3
Volume of a cone
1
V = r 2 h
3
d = ( x1 x2 ) 2 + ( y1 y2 ) 2 + ( z1 z2 ) 2
( x2 , y2 , z2 )
Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment
with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 )
x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2
,
,
2
2
2
Topics
Topic 1Algebra
1.1
1.2
1.3
un = u1 + (n 1) d
Sn =
un = u1r n 1
Sn =
u1 (r n 1) u1 (1 r n )
, r 1
=
r 1
1 r
S =
u1
, r <1
1 r
ax = b
Laws of logarithms
Change of base
log b a =
Binomial coefficient
Binomial theorem
n
n
( 2u1 + (n 1) d ) = (u1 + un )
2
2
x = log a b
log c a
log c b
n
n!
=
r
r !(n r )!
( a + b) n = a n +
n n 1
a b+
1
n nr r
a b +
r
+ bn
f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c axis of symmetry x =
2.6
Relationships between
logarithmic and
exponential functions
a x = e x ln a
log a a x = x = a loga x
2.7
Solutions of a quadratic
equation
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
Discriminant
= b 2 4ac
x=
b
2a
b b 2 4ac
, a0
2a
3.2
3.3
Length of an arc
l =r
Area of a sector
1
A = r2
2
Trigonometric identity
tan =
Pythagorean identity
cos 2 + sin 2 = 1
sin
cos
Cosine rule
Sine rule
a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C
Area of a triangle
1
A = ab sin C
2
a 2 + b2 c2
2ab
Topic 4Vectors
4.1
4.2
Magnitude of a vector
Scalar product
v = v12 + v2 2 + v32
v w = v w cos
v w = v1w1 + v2 w2 + v3 w3
4.3
vw
v w
cos =
r = a + tb
fx
i i
x=
i =1
n
i =1
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
n ( A)
n (U )
Probability of an event A
P ( A) =
Complementary events
P ( A) + P ( A) = 1
Combined events
P ( A B ) = P ( A) + P ( B) P ( A B )
P ( A B ) = P ( A) + P ( B)
Conditional probability
P ( A B ) = P (A) P (B | A)
Independent events
P ( A B ) = P ( A) P ( B)
Expected value of a
discrete random variable X
E ( X ) = = x P ( X = x)
Binomial distribution
X ~ B(n , p ) P ( X = r ) =
Mean
E ( X ) = np
Variance
Var ( X ) = np (1 p )
Standardized normal
variable
z=
n r
p (1 p ) n r , r = 0,1,
r
,n
Topic 6Calculus
6.1
6.2
y = f ( x)
Derivative of x n
f ( x) = x n
Derivative of sin x
f ( x) = sin x
f ( x) = cos x
Derivative of cos x
f ( x) = cos x
f ( x) = sin x
Derivative of tan x
f ( x) = tan x
f ( x) =
Derivative of e x
f ( x) = e x
Derivative of ln x
f ( x) = ln x
Chain rule
y = g (u ) , u = f ( x)
Product rule
y = uv
Quotient rule
6.4
dy
f ( x + h) f ( x )
= f ( x) = lim
h
0
dx
h
Derivative of f ( x)
y=
u
v
n
x dx =
1
cos 2 x
f ( x) = e x
f ( x) =
1
x
dy dy du
=
dx du dx
dy
dv
du
=u +v
dx
dx
dx
du
dv
u
dy
= dx 2 dx
dx
v
v
Standard integrals
f ( x) = nx n 1
x n +1
+ C , n 1
n +1
x dx = ln x + C ,
x>0
sin x dx = cos x + C
cos x dx = sin x + C
e
6.5
A = y dx
a
Volume
of
revolution
V=
about the x-axis from x = a
to x = b
6.6
dx = e x + C
y 2 dx
distance =
t2
t1
v(t ) dt