Solutions of Homework # 2

Problem 2.1
According to the equation(2.7) on the textbook, we have:

cv 2
fquad
s
=
= 1.6 103 2 Dv
flin
bv
m
For the two types of forces are of the same strength, we have:

1.6 103

s
Dv = 1v = 8.9 103 m/s
m2

So when v >> 102 m/s, we could have f as pure fquad , and its good approximation to ignore
the linear force in real case.
If we take D = 0.7m, we will have v 0 = 8.9 104 m/s for the critical velocity for the equality
of the two forces and it is good approximation to ignore the linear force in real case.
Problem 2.8
From the Newtons second law, we have d[mv(t)] = F (v)dt:
Z v
dv
2m 1/2
dv(t)
1/2
t t0 = m
=
(v
v0
)
dt = m
3/2
F (v)
c
vo cv
v0
v= h
i2

c v
1 + 2m0 (t t0 )
So, when the mass is to rest, v 0, we have 4t = t t0 .
Problem 2.13
From the conversation of energy, we have d( 12 mv 2 ) = F (x)dx:
2F (x)dx
dv =
v 2 v02 =
m
2

2kxdx
k(x20 x2 )
=
m
m
x0
r
k(x20 x2 )
v=
m

where we have used v0 = 0. The sign of v is in fact determined from the sign of x0 , have negative
sign for v when x0 > 0 and positive sign when x0 < 0, and this discussion is available only for
the first half cycle of the motion and the sign does not affect the expression of the x(t).
r

Z xr
m
dx
m
x
dx
t=
=
arccos
dt =
2
2
1/2
v
k (x0 x )
k
x0
x0
r !
k
x = x0 cos
t
m

Problem 2.21

In the polar coordinates, all directions are same, that is our discussion has nothing to with
. Lets take some 0 and this problem become 2D problem and its expansion to 3D problem is
natural. Lets take z0 = 0
Before the shell hit z = 0, we have the equations of motion:
1
z(t) = vz t gt2
(t) = v t
2
2

vz
1
(t)
z(t) = (t) g
v
2
v
Now, lets analyze this problem. What does it mean to hit all objects inside a surface? It
means that for a fixed , the point on the surface should have the maximum z for all possible
path passing this , or for a fixed z, the point on the surface should have maximum for all
possible path passing this z. So lets denote vvz = a, and suppose fixed, it turns out that
z = a

g2
(a2
2v02

+ 1), and for this surface, we will have:

z
g2 a
v2
= 2 =0a= 0
a
v0
g
g2 2
v02
g2
2
z = a 2 (a + 1) =
2v0
2g
2v0

Figure 1
Problem 2.27
From the Newtons second law, we have the motion of puck on the upward journey:
m

dv
= cv 2 mg sin
dt

Lets denote vc2 = mg sinc , so we have:

v0
vc c
dv
vc c
dt

v
=
v
tan
arctan

t
=

c
2
m
vc
m
1 + vv2
c

For v = 0, we have t =

m
vc c

arctan

v0
vc

Problem 2.28
From the conversation of the energy d(mv 2 /2) = F dx, we have:
dx =

mvdv
mdv
2m 1/2
= 1/2 x x0 =
(v
v 1/2 )
F
c 0
cv

So, for v=0, we have 4x = x x0 =

2m 1/2
c v0

Problem 2.33
a. The figure of cosh z and sinh z when z are real is shown on the figure 2.
2

Figure 2
b.
ez + ez
ei(iz) + ei(iz)
=
= cosh z
z
2
ei(iz) ei(iz)
ez + ez
sin iz =
=
= sinh z
z
2
cos iz =

c.
d cosh z
ez ez
=
= sinh z
dz
2

d sinh z
ez + ez
=
= cosh z
dz
2

d.

cosh2 z sinh2 z =
e.

ez + ez
2

ez ez
2

2
=1

Suppose x = sinh z, so we have:

Z
Z
dx
cosh zdz

=
= z = sinh1 z
2
cosh z
1+x

Problem 2.49
a.
z2

i 2
e
= e2i = cos 2 + i sin 2

(cos + i sin )2 = cos2 sin2 + 2i sin cos

So, we have cos 2 = cos2 sin2 , sin 2 = 2 sin cos .

b.
z3

i 3
e
= e3i = cos 3 + i sin 3

=
=

(cos + i sin )(cos2 sin2 + 2i sin cos )

(cos3 3 sin2 cos ) + i(3 sin cos2 sin3 )

So, we have cos 3 = cos3 3 sin2 cos , sin 3 = 3 sin cos2 sin3 .
Problem 2.53
According to Newtons second law, we have:
dv
= F = q(E + v B)
dt
mv y = qvx B, mv z = qE
m

mv x = qvy B,

For the equation in x,y direction, it is easy to find the motion in xy plane is circle rotation.
Introduce = vx + ivy and = qB/m we have:
m = qB = (vx0 + ivy0 )eit x + iy = (x0 + iy0 )eit
x = x0 cos t + y0 sin t, y = y0 cos t x0 sin t
3

Where we suppose z axis is chosen so that x,y has the above form. And the z direction is some2
thing like the motion in gravity field: z = z0 + vz0 t + qE
m t . The combination of the motion in
the three direction is a spiral motion.
Problem 2.55
a.
dv
= F = q(E + v B)
dt
mv y = qE qvx B, mv z = 0
m

mv x = qvy B,

From the equation of z direction, we have vz is constant. Because vz0 = 0, we have vz = 0. That
is the motion is restricted in xy plane.
b.
If we request the motion is undeflected, we will have the general form:
vy (0)
vy (t)
=
= 0 vy (t) = 0
vx (t)
vx (0)
mv y = qE qvx B = 0, mv x = qvy B = 0
E
v = vx0 =
B
c. Make the transformation: vx0 = vx E/B, so the equation of motion is:
mv x0 = qvy B,

mv y = qvx0 B

vx0 + ivy = (vx0 E/B)ei(qB/m)t

vx = (vx0 E/B) cos[(qB/m)t] + E/B,

vy = (vx0 E/B) sin[(qB/m)t]

The procedure of solving this equation is the same as the problem of 2.53.
d.

Z t
vx0 E/B
x = x0 +
vx dt = E/Bt +
sin(qBt/m)
qB/m
0

Z t
vx0 E/B
y = y0 +
vy dt =
(cos(qBt/m) 1)
qB/m
0
Lets take qB/m=1, E/B = 1 and for vx0 =-10, -1, 0, 0.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 10, we have the graphs
of trajectory in figure 3.

Figure 3