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Abstract
The solidliquid equilibria of the ternary system H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2 were studied by using a synthetic method based on conductivity
measurements.
Two isotherms were established at 0 and 15 C, and the stable solid phases which appear are the iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3 )3 9H2 O), the
iron nitrate hexahydrate (Fe(NO3 )3 6H2 O), the cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3 )2 6H2 O) and the cobalt nitrate trihydrate (Co(NO3 )2 3H2 O).
2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Phase diagram; H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2 ; Ferric nitrate; Cobalt nitrate; Ternary system
1. Introduction
Ferrites are technologically important materials because of
their interesting properties, extensively used in modern electronic tehnologies [15], microwave absorbers [6], chemical
sensors [79], catalysts [1013] and biomedical applications
[14]. Among these ferrites, cobalt ferrite CoFe2 O4 are very
promising materials for magneto-optical recording, high recording density, high coercivity, moderate saturation magnetization,
chemical stability, mechanical hardness [1519]. This ferrite is
also interesting owing the electronic and magnetic properties as
well as the potential applications in ferroelectromagnet devices
[20].
Within the framework of the international research consisting
of the development of these materials by soft chemistry technique, we undertook the study of the ternary system based on
water, iron and cobalt of nitrates salts.
The metallic nitrates form a family of compounds which are
very soluble in water and lead to complex mixtures and solid
solutions presenting a very good dispersal of the metallic elements at the atomic scale. The warming-up of these precursors to
moderated temperatures lead to homogeneous metallic oxides.
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: b.elgoundali@yahoo.fr (B. EL Goundali),
mkaddami@yahoo.fr (M. Kaddami).
0378-3812/$ see front matter 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2007.07.048
296
Table 1
Binary system H2 OCo(NO3 )2 : invariant transformations
Table 2
Isotherm at 15 C of the system H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2
Temperature ( C)
Co(NO3 )2
(g%)
Invariant
points
31.5
20.5
55
38
42.77
61.74
Eutectic
Peritectic
Peritectic
W [Fe(NO3 )3 ]
W [Co(NO3 )2 ]
0.000
0.022
0.067
0.077a
0.129
0.158
0.205
0.235a
0.245
0.298
0.335
0.369
0.387
0.402
0.430
0.487
0.463
0.429
0.427a
0.371
0.340
0.296
0.260a
0.245
0.170
0.125
0.082
0.070
0.042
0.000
Phenomenon
Solid phases
in equilibrium
Liquidus
Liquid D
Liquidus
Liquid C
Liquidus
Liquid B
Liquidus
Co.6
Co.6
Co.6
Co.6 + Co.3
Co.3
Co.3
Co.3
Co.3 + Fe.6
Fe.6
Fe.6
Fe.6
Fe.6
Fe.6 + Fe.9
Fe.9
Fe.9
Table 3
Isotherm at 0 C of the system H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2
Liquid phase composition
(Mass fractions)
W [Fe(NO3 )3 ]
W [Co(NO3 )2 ]
0.000
0.021
0.040
0.057a
0.064
0.108
0.150
0.197
0.212a
0.237
0.282
0.318
0.355a
0.372
0.400
0.452
0.436
0.407
0.397a
0.389
0.346
0.301
0.262
0.255a
0.216
0.152
0.106
0.070a
0.043
0.000
Phenomenon
Solid phases
in equilibrium
Liquidus
Liquid D
Liquidus
Liquid C
Liquidus
Liquid B
Liquidus
Co.6
Co.6
Co.6
Co.6 + Co.3
Co.3
Co.3
Co.3
Co.3
Co.3 + Fe.6
Fe.6
Fe.6
Fe.6
Fe.6 + Fe.9
Fe.9
Fe.9
Co.6,
297
Fig. 1. Isotherm at 15 C of the ternary system H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2 . Notations: L: Liquid; Fe.9: Fe(NO3 )3 .9H2 O; Fe.6: Fe(NO3 )3 6H2 O; Co.6:
Co(NO3 )2 6H2 O; Co.3: Co(NO3 )2 3H2 O.
5. Characterization
To control the nature of the solid phases in equilibrium
with different saturated solutions, some mixtures (M1 , M2 ,
M3 and M4 ) of compositions appropriately chosen have been
maintained separately at 15 C under gentle stirring for 15
days.
Table 4
Ternary system H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2
Mixture (Mi )
M1
M2
M3
M4
Equilibrium
temperature ( C)
15
15
15
15
Co(NO3 )2
45
35
12.5
2.5
2.5
15
40
50
Phenomenon
Crystals
Crystals
Crystals
Crystals
Co(NO3 )2
55.25
62.50
05.00
01.27
0.75
3.13
62.35
56.51
298
Fig. 2. Isotherm at 0 C of ternary system H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2 . Notation: L: Liquid; Fe.9: Fe(NO3 )3 9H2 O; Fe.6: Fe(NO3 )3 6H2 O; Co.6: Co(NO3 )2 6H2 O;
Co.3: Co(NO3 )2 3H2 O.
Fig. 3. Isotherm at 15 C of the ternary system H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2 The sets and the remainders method.
6. Conclusion
In this study, we have established the two isotherms 0 C
and 15 C for the ternary system H2 OFe(NO3 )3 Co(NO3 )2 .
Each isotherm includes four solubility branches corresponding
respectively to iron nitrate nonahydrate, iron nitrate hexahydrate,
cobalt nitrate trihydrate and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate.
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