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The process of combination of different atoms to form different products is known as chemical
reaction. Chemical reaction involves a change in the physical and chemical properties like:
Example:
Burning of coal: During the burning coal, the solid state coal burns with release of heat and gas.
Chemical equation:
A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of the reactants and the products using their
chemical formulae.
A chemical equation contains:
Reactants
Products
An arrow separates the reactants and products
Reactants are the substances which take parts in the chemical reaction.
Products are the substances which produced during chemical reaction.
C + O2
Reactants
CO2
Product
Example:
Summary
LearnNext Lesson Video
HD14:45
Table of Contents[Show]
In general chemical reactions are classified into:
Combination reactions
Decomposition reactions
Thermal decomposition
Electrolysis
Photolysis
Decomposition by the application of heat on a substance is called thermal decomposition.
Example:
Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.
CaCO3 + (Heating) CaO + CO2
Decomposition of any substance by passing current through it is called electrolysis.
Example:
Electrolysis of water
2H2O 2H2 + O2
The decomposition reaction resulting from action of light energy is called photolysis.
Example:
Photolysis of silver chloride
2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2
Single displacement reaction:
Single displacement reaction is the one in which one element substitutes or displaces another element in
a compound to give new compound. Generally in a single displacement reaction, less active metal is
displaced by a more active metal.
Neutralization reactions
Precipitation reactions
Neutralization reaction:
Reaction in which hydrogen ions of an acid react with hydroxide ions of a base to form water is an
neutralization reaction.
Example :
The reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.
H+Cl + Na+OH Na+Cl + H2O
Precipitation reaction:
Reactions which proceeds through the formation of precipitation are called precipitation reactions.
Example:
In the reaction of barium chloride with sodium sulphate produces precipitate of barium sulphate along with
formation of sodium chloride.
BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) BaSO4 (s) + NaCl (aq)
Gas forming reaction:
Example:
Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Based on energy differeneces between reactants and products the chemical reactions are classified into
two types. They are exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction.
Exothermic reaction:
Chemical reactions in which heat energy released are known as exothermic reactions.
Burning of methane gas in air produces heat energy.
CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)+ heat
All combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.
Endothermic reaction:
Reactions which involves absorption of energy are known as endothermic reactions.
Example:
Formation of nitric oxide from nitrogen and oxygen.
N2 (g)+ O2 (g) + Heat 2NO
Combustion reaction:
Burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen which resulting release of energy is called combustion.
Example:
Combustion of ethylene gas.
C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O