PSYC1020 Introduction to Psychology: Final Exam Study Guide

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Define the three requirements of a formal assessment.

Describe Sir Francis Galtons theory of intelligence.
What are the 4 important concepts in intelligence testing that were presented by Galton?
How did Alfred Binet define intelligence and why is his intelligence measure considered the first direct measure
of intelligence?
Describe the definitions of intelligence presented by David Wechsler and Robert Sternberg.
Describe the three environmental factors that are believed to affect IQ.
Describe the nature/nurture debate as it relates to developmental psychology.
Define the terms Scheme, Assimilation, and Accommodation as they relate to Piagets stages of cognitive
development.
Describe the Sensorimotor and Preoperational stages of Piagets stages of cognitive development.
Describe the Concrete Operations and Formal Operations stages of Piagets stages of cognitive development.
What happens to intelligence and memory in adulthood?
Define socialization and the factors that influence socialization.
Describe socialization in adolescence.
Identify and briefly describe Eriksons stages of Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Self-Doubt, and Initiative vs.
Guilt.
Identify and briefly describe Eriksons stages of Competence vs. Inferiority, Identify vs. Role Confusion, and
Intimacy vs. Isolation.
Describe the two tasks of adulthood as proposed by Erik Erikson. Also describe Eriksons stage of Ego integrity
vs. Despair.
Define motivation and identify the reasons why psychologists use the concept of motivation.
Describe Clark Hulls theory of motivation that involves drives and incentives.
Describe Reversal Theory (Michael Apter).
Explain William James and Sigmund Freuds views regarding instinctual behaviors and learning.
Describe the Social Learning Theory (Julian Rotter) Explanation of motivation.
Describe Fritz Heiders cognitive theory of motivation.
Define Need for Achievement (n Ach). What does research say about those with a high need for achievement?
Define locus of control orientation. How does locus of control orientation account for our own explanations of
our performance in class.
What are attributions and how do they impact our emotional responses?
What do Industrial and Organizational Psychologists do?
Explain Equity theory.
Explain Expectancy theory.
Define emotion and explain how emotion differs from mood.
Summarize the evolutionary and cultural aspects of emotions as discussed during class.
Describe the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard Theories of Emotion.
Describe the two cognitive appraisal theories presented in class.
Identify the myths of stress.
How did Selye define stress? What is the difference between Eustress and Distress?
Explain the General Adaptation Syndrome.
Explain the model of stress presented in class.
Identify the longterm effects of stress.
Define burnout, including a description of the three dimensions of burnout.
What is a Health Psychologist?
Define Psychoneuroimmunology and the Biopsychosocial model of health.
Define personality and identify the central goal of personality theories.
With regard to Psychodynamic theory, define Intrapsychic, Drives, and Psychic Determinism.
Describe the unconscious as it relates to Freuds theory of personality.
Define Fixation and Regression as they relate to Freuds stages of Psychosexual Development.
Identify and describe the three components of Freuds structure of personality.

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Explain Defense Mechanisms.

What is the central idea of Humanistic Theory?
Define Unconditional Positive Regard. How does Unconditional Positive Regard relate to self-actualization?
Identify and briefly describe the 5 needs that make up Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.
Identify and define the four characteristics of Humanistic theory.
Describe B.F. Skinners theory of Personality.
Describe the Social Learning Theory of Personality.
Explain Reciprocal Determinism.
Define Self-Efficacy and describe the aspects of self-efficacy judgments presented in class.
Explain cognitive approaches to personality.
Briefly explain evolutionary personality theory.
Explain Trait approaches to personality.
Summarize the impact of culture on personality.
Summarize gender differences in personality.
Define psychopathology and psychological diagnosis.
Identify and describe the criteria presented to determine abnormality.
Briefly describe Generalized Anxiety disorder, Panic Disorder, and Phobias.
Briefly describe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
What is the difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?
What is a Personality Disorder?
Describe Dissociative Identity Disorder.
Describe Schizophrenia.
Identify and briefly describe the 4 main categories of child and adolescent disorders.
What are the 4 social-cognitive process of the stigma of mental illness?
Identify and describe the 3 approaches presented to diminish the stigma of mental illness.
What are the goals of therapy?
Briefly describe psychodynamic therapy, including the goal of psychodynamic therapy.
Define Free Association, Resistance, and Dream Analysis.
Explain the difference between transference and countertransference.
Describe Counterconditioning and Contingency Management.
Briefly describe social learning therapy, including the two main aspects of social learning therapy.
Define cognitive restructuring and cognitive distortions.
What are the four steps in changing cognitive distortions?
What are the A, B, and C of Rational Emotive Therapy?
Briefly describe Humanistic Therapy.
Define social psychology, including an explanation of the terms individuals and social stimuli.
What is Hindsight Bias and what is the main problem with engaging in Hindsight Bias when studying social
psychology?
Explain the Fundamental Attribution Error.
Define the Actor-Observer Effect and the Self-Serving Bias.
Explain the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy.
Identify and describe the three types of conformity.
According to Milgram, what are the four factors that determine obedience?
Define Social Roles and Social Norms.
What is Altruism?
Describe the factors that inhibit altruism.