Solution Exam 2 ELCT 751 Fall 2010

This is a take-home exam that is due on Wednesday November 17, 2010. Work independently. You are
encouraged to use computer tools such as Matlab, especially for the matrix calculations. Please contact the
instructor if you lack access to an appropriate tool.

2
3

Three bus system: 230 kV lines with line impedances given below:
Branch
1
2
3
4

From
1
1
2
0

To
2
3
3
1

Length
100 mile
110 mile
80 mile

x [/mile]
0.70
0.65
0.72
G+T

Transformer and generator at bus 1 represented as series impedance: Generator: x = 25% on 500 MVA base
(rating) and transformer: x = 10% on 500 MVA base (rating).
Put all impedances in per unit on a 100 MVA base. Assume the zero sequence line impedances are 2.5 times the
positive sequence impedances. The Y and Z matrices were constructed as part of the example used in the
November 08, 2010 lecture. Verify the per-unit matrices shown below are correct for this system.
=j

-29.241
7.557
7.399

7.557
-16.741
9.184

7.399
9.184
-16.583

Y0 = j

-55.982
3.023
2.959

3.023
-6.696
3.674

2.959
3.674
-6.633

A new generator and its step-up transformer are added at bus 2. The generator is rated at 780 MVA and 20 kV,
and the step-up transformer is rated at 750 MVA with voltage ratings of 20 kV (Delta) to 230 kV (Y-grounded).
The generator has a reactance of 25% on a base given by its rating, and the transformer has a reactance of 12%
on a base given by its rating. Convert both of these to per unit on a 100 MVA base, using the voltage base to be

230 kV on the high-voltage side. Use the same approach as was done for the generator at 1 for the new
generator.
A new transmission line is added from bus 2 to bus 3 having the same impedance as the existing line.
Recalculate the following nodal admittance matrices Y and Y0 for the 230 kV buses (there will still be only 3
buses). Calculate Z and Z0 by inverting the Y and Y0 matrices.
Perform a fault study for three-phase and single-phase-to-ground short circuits at each bus. Calculate the bus
voltages at each bus. Calculate the transmission line currents. Perform the study in per unit and then convert
the currents to A or kA.
Solution: One one-line diagram the node numbers shown with boxes, but the branch numbers with no box.

1
2

3
4

3
Branch
1
2
3
4
5
6

From
1
1
2
2
0
0

To
2
3
3
3
1
2

X1 [pu]
0.132
0.135
0.109
0.109
0.070
0.048

29.241j 7.557j 7.399j

Y = 7.557j 46.736j 18.368j
7.399j 18.368j 25.767j

0.04500j 0.01716j 0.02516j

Z = 0.01716j 0.03627j 0.03078j
0.02516j 0.03078j 0.06798j

55.982j 3.023j 2.959j

Y0 = 3.023j 72.870j 7.347j
2.959j 7.347j 10.307j

0.01827j 0.00139j 0.00623j

Z0 = 0.00139j 0.01489j 0.01101j
0.00623j 0.01101j 0.10667j

Three-phase short-circuit study:

Fault current for fault at each bus in turn (first in per unit, then in kA):

X0 [pu]
0.331
0.338
0.272
0.272
0.020
0.016

I1 =
f

I3 Ib =
f
-5.578j
-6.921j
-3.693j

-22.223j
-27.571j
-14.711j

kA

Branch currents for fault at bus f in per unit and in kA:

f=1
I'br =
4.675j
3.263j
-1.631j
-1.631j
-14.286j
-7.937j

f=2
I'br Ib =
1.173j
0.819j
-0.409j
-0.409j
-3.586j
-1.992j

3.59 kA

I'br Ib =

I'br =
kA

-3.981j
-2.779j
1.389j
1.389j
-6.760j
-20.811j

-0.999j
-0.697j
0.349j
0.349j
-1.697j
-5.224j

I'br Ib =

I'br =
kA

-0.626j
-4.661j
-5.025j
-5.025j
-5.286j
-9.424j

1.17 kA

f=3
kA

1
3
4

0.82 kA 2

-0.157j
-1.170j
-1.261j
-1.261j
-1.327j
-2.366j

5.58 kA
3
1.00 kA

1
2

3
4

0.35 kA
0.35 kA

6
5.22 kA

6.92 kA

Single-phase-to-ground short-circuit study: Fault current for fault at each bus in turn (zero sequence, then
phase A first in per unit, then in kA) on faulted phase (A):

IA Ib =
f

IA =
f

I0 =
f

-27.710j
-34.313j
-12.365j

-9.237j
-11.438j
-4.122j

kA

-6.956j
-8.613j
-3.104j

Branch currents for fault at bus f in per unit and in kA (phase A only):
f=1

f=2
IA Ib =
br

IA =
br
4.357j
3.041j
-1.521j
-1.521j
-20.312j
-7.398j

1.094j
0.763j
-0.382j
-0.382j
-5.099j
-1.857j

5.10 kA

-3.770j
-2.631j
1.316j
1.316j
-6.401j
-27.911j

-0.946j
-0.660j
0.330j
0.330j
-1.607j
-7.006j

IA =
br
kA

-0.410j
-3.837j
-4.264j
-4.264j
-4.247j
-8.118j

1.09 kA

IA Ib =
br

IA =
br
kA

f=3

1
3
4

0.76 kA 2

6.96 kA
3

0.95 kA

1
5

3
4

0.33 kA
0.33 kA

8.61 kA

7.01 kA

IA Ib =
br
-0.103j
-0.963j
-1.070j
-1.070j
-1.066j
-2.038j

kA