DESIGN OF WALL-13

Inside Area

b
RL 158.05

157.32

Outside Area
For Detail
Existing Ground Refer Dwg No : PF-K-60001-3-17-401-C-1001 -A

3.05 m

water pressure

39.45
F.G.L/RL =

5.41 m
Wall -13
For wall no's detail
Refer Sketch-1 of this document
H1 =
0.00 m

6.15 m
G.W.L / RL =

W3

155.00
115.55
153.50

Ground Level

1.500 m

Ground water level

H2 =
6.15 m

RL = 151.91
G.W.L =

1.59 m

t
D

A
a

Kaq = x 10 = 0KN/m2

W
SECTION THROUGH OUTER WALL
A

69.12
KN/m

D
138.16KN/m

<
Safe

270KN/m

Base Pressure Diagram

S.B.C of Soil

For Detail refer Sketch -1,distance between wall and Baffle wall

=
30.00

Dimension
a
=
s
= Thickness of slab
b
=
b'
=

2.00 m
0.20 m
0.45 m
0.00

0.00 m

Saturated density of Soil

0.50 m
2.45 m

t
=
Total width of Raft, W =

a) PRESSURE CALCULATION ON THE WALLS

Case : 1 Tank Empty

Clear length of the wall

Dwater

=
=
=
=

Dsat

Dsoil
Bulk Density of Soil
Density of concrete
Dc
Imposed load on Roof
IL
Intensity of surcharge
SL
Submerged unit Weight of soil
Clear Cover
Main Dia of Bar
Distirbution steel

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Coeff of earth pressure at rest, Ko

450

Angle of repose
Density of water

Pressure due surcharge =Kox10

=
5.00KN/m
Clear Height of the wall =RL158.05-RL151.91
=
6.15 m
For the top (RL158.05-RL153.5) =
4.56 m
Below this level submerged unit weight of soil =21-10
=
11.00
In addition to the soil pressures there is also the pressure due to ground water

iii) The Pressure at RL 151.91

i.e at Top of Raft Level

m
( 1 -sin)

KN/m3

21.0 KN/m3
18.00
24
2.00
10
11.00
50
20
16
6.80

KN/m3
KN/m3
KN/m2
KN/m2
KN/m3
mm
mm
mm
KN/m2

4.56 m
46.04 KN/m2

KN/m2

70.69 KN/m2
= 1.59 m

The pressure at different level are

i) The Pressure at RL 158.05
= Pressure due to surcharge + Pressure due to soil
i.e at Bottom of slab
=5+Kox18x0.2 =
6.8 KN/m2
ii) The Pressure at RL 153.5
i.e at Ground water level

9.00
0.50
30
10.0

Pressure due to surcharge + Pressure due to soil

=5+Kox18x4.56 =
46.04 KN/m2
=

Pressure due to surcharge + Pressure due to soil+Pressure due to submerged soil

+ Pressure due to ground water

=5+kox18x4.56+Kox11x(6.15-4.56)+10x(6.15-4.56) =

70.685

Case : 2 Tank Full

KN/m2
0.00 KN/m2

The pressure at different level are

i) The Pressure at RL 158.05
= Pressure due to water = Density of water x
=10x0
=
0 KN/m2

height
5.41 m

ii) The Pressure at RL 151.91

i.e. at top of raft level

= Pressure due to water = Density of water x

=10x5.41
=
54.1 KN/m2

height

54.10 KN/m2

19

b) CHECK SHEAR CAPACITY

Effective depth=d=450-50-20-8
Case : 1 Tank Empty
Total ultimate Shear at base

372

mm

1.4x0.5x(Pressure at RL158.05+Pressure at G.W.L i.e at RL153.5)x corresponding Height

+0.5x(Pressure at RL153.5+Pressure at Top of Raft)xCorresponding Height
=
=

1.4x0.5x(6.8+46.04)x4.56+1.4x0.5x(46.04+70.685)x(6.15-4.56)
298.58021 KN/m

(298.580205x1000)/(1000x372)

Taking area of Steel As =

0 . 79

0.803 N/mm2

1.32 %

Case : 2 Tank Full

Total ultimate Shear at base

100 As
bd

1 /3

0.8131 N/mm2

(400 /d )1/4 fcu

x
m
25

[ ]

<

1/3

SAFE

1.4x0.5x(Pressure at RL158.05+Pressure at Top of Raft)xCorresponding Height

=
=

1.4x0.5x(0+54.1)x6.15
232.90 KN/m

(232.9005x1000)/(1000x372)

0.8131064 N/mm

0.626 N/mm2

<

SAFE

c) Thermal calculation - Minimum Steel requirement

critical =

From Table A1 of 8007,

Minimum steel As area required
Crack width W max
=

T1
T2
fct/fb

1575

mm2/m

0.2 mm
0.000012
40
0
0.67

=
=
=

max

0.0035 for 450 grade steel

0.0035x1000x450
=

[ ]

0
0

From Table 3.2 of BS 8110, Part 2

From Table A.2 of BS 8007 (Assuming formwork of Plywood)
Taken as 00c fall in temperature as per Iraq meterological data for detail refer appendix D
from table A1 of 8007 for deformed bars of type 2

C
C

[]

fct ( )
x
x
x ( T 1+T 2 )
fb 2 P 2
0.00804

>

0.0035

0.00804

Using continuous construction for full restraint (Table 5.1 of BS 8007), minimum steel required is
As

0.00804x1000x450

Provide T16- 100 mm c/c =

Total Area will be

3618

mm2/m

2010 mm2/m on each face

=

4020

mm2/m

d) Design of Walls for Bending at Ultimate limit State :

For calculating moment in the walls of the tank, ready made moody's tables of moment coefficient are available.
These coefficients have been obtained using finite element method.
The wall is designed as
9x6.15
m slab clamped on three sides and free at top and subjected to hydrostatic loading giving
base pressure of 70.685KN/m2 For Case 1 &54.1 KN/m2 For Case 2
As the Pressure in Case 1 is more, wall will be designed for Case 1

1) Vertical Bending Moment at Base

Maximum length of the wall L =
9.00 m
length of the wall L/2 = a =
4.5 m
Clear Height of the wall b
=
6.2 m
Ratio a/b
=
0.732
From Figure 4 of mood'y Table, coefficient are taken from ratio 0.75 as the
ratio a/b is just near to 0.75,the Coefficient Mx and My are
My

0.0584

For Detail Refer Mood'y Tables

a

Wall Clamped on Three Sides

maximum coefficent are taken from corresponding table

Vertical Bending moment M at S.L :

M
=
0.0584x70.685x6.15x6.15 =
Factored Vertical Bending moment =

156.13143 KN-m
218.584 KN-m

2) Horizontal Bending Moment at Fixed Vertical Edges

From Figure 4 of mood'y Table,for ratio 1.00 the Coefficient Mx and My are
Mx

0.0433

maximum coefficent are taken from corresponding table

Horizontal Bending Moment M

=
Factored Horizontal Bending Moment M =

0.0433x70.685x6.15x6.15
1.4x115.77

=
=

115.762
162.067

KN-m
KN-m

e) Check for Crack Width

b=1000 mm

450

As=4908.74mm on each face

(25 dia @ 100 mm c/c)
Max. Moment , M
Grade of concrete
Grade of Steel
Taking young modulus for steel Es

=
=

156.131
M35
450
200

Modular ratio ,e = Es / EC

14

C/C distance between bars

Clear cover
Diameter of distribution reinf.
Diameter of main bar
= As/bd

=
=
=
=
=

100
50
16
25
0.01320

KN-m
N/mm2
N/mm2
KN/m2
mm
mm
mm
mm

Calculation of Depth of Neutral Axis

x
= e
d
t

( (

1+

2
e

z =d - x/3 =
Allowable Stress in Steel
Stress in Steel

0.451

167.61 mm
316.13 mm

=0.8 x fy =
=

x
=
d

360.00 N/mm2

Ms
zA s

100.61 N/mm2

<

360N/mm Hence Safe

Allowable Stress in Steel

Stress in Concrete

=0.45 x fck

15.75 N/mm2

2M s

5.893 N/mm2

<

15.75N/mm Hence Safe

zbx
1

h-X
d-X

1 bt (h-x)
3 Es As (d-x)
1 - 2

m =
Crack Width

Fs
Es

(450-167.61)
(372-167.61)

0.0007

0.00013

0.00056

100.61
200000.00

3 acr m
1+2 acr - Cmin
h-x

=
100

acr=82.80

cmin=66

Crack width

0.125

0.200 mm

<

Hence Safe

Minimum Reinforcement = 0.0013

As=585mm

Therefore minimum reinforcement =

e)

Strength Check for the section -Flexure

218.584
Factorted Moment
=
Moment capacity of the section is given by

z1

As f

y
z d
1. 15 1
0 . 97 A s f
1
f cu bd

M =
Where

KN-m

---------- (1a)

-----------(1b)

Sustituting in equation (1b)

0.835
z1 =
Moment capacity of section M =

4908.74 x 450 x 0.835 x 372

1.15
596.642 KN-m

>

218.584

KN-m

Hence Safe

f)

Design of Base Slab for Serviceability Limit State

The Slab is subjected to concentrated load from the walls and Bending Moment at the ends from the walls.

i) Design of Base slab along Transverse Direction

1) Tank Empty
i) Loads on End Walls :
Length of the Base Slab along Transverse Direction =
Width of the Roof Slab
=
Vertical Load from Roof Slab = 3.5/2 x0.2x24 =
Imposed roof loading
=
3.5/2x2
=
Weight of wall
=
6.15x0.45x24
=
Total Load =8.4+3.5+66.42+0
=

9.00 m
3.50 m
8.4
3.5
66.42
78.32

KN/m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m

From previous calculation of wall design, moment from external pressure

= 0.0584x70.685x6.15x6.15 =
156.13143 KN/m
ii) Uplift Pressure :10x1.59 =
15.9 KN/m2
P=(2x78.32)/9-15.9 =
1.510 KN/m2
Net upwards pressure
=15.9-1.51
=
17.410 KN/m2/m
Obtaining Bending Moment and Shear Force from STAAD

78.320 KN

78.320 KN
156.13 KN-m
17.41 KN/m

9.00
Figure Showing : Forces on the Base Slab in the Transverse Direction : Tank Empty

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

2) Tank Full no ground water

Width of the Roof Slab
=
Vertical Load from Roof Slab =
Imposed load
=
Weight of wall
=
Total Load

3.5/2 x0.2x24
3.5/2x2
6.15x0.45x24

=8.4+3.5+66.42+0

3.50 m
8.4
3.5
66.42

=
=
=
=

m
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m

78.32 KN/m

Calculation of wall design, moment from external pressure

= 0.0584x(10x6.15)x6.15x6.15=

135.843 KN/m

ii) Uplift Pressure : There is no uplift pressure

Net Pressure P on the Ground

P=(2x78.32)/9

17.404 KN/m2

Obtaining Bending Moment and Shear Force from STAAD

78.320 KN

78.320 KN
135.84 KN-m
17.40 KN/m

9.00
Figure Showing : Forces on the Base Slab in the Transverse Direction : Tank Full

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

Considering Maximum Moment and Shear Force from the above, Reinforcement calculation along Transverse Direction shown

ii) Design of Base slab along Longitudinal Direction

1) Tank Empty
Length of the Base Slab along longitudinal Direction = 2a =
Height of the longitudinal wall
b
=
a/b
=
From Figure 4 of mood'y Table for ratio My
Width of the Roof Slab
=
Vertical Load from Roof Slab = 3.5/2 x0.2x24+3
=
Imposed load
=
3.5/2x2
=
Weight of wall
=
6.15x0.45x24
=
Total Load =11.4+3.5+66.42+0
=
Moment from external pressure
Uplift Pressure

3.50 m
6.15 m
0.28
0.0107
3.5 m
11.4
3.5
66.42
81.32

Refer Sketch - 1

value taken for ratio 0.25

Refer Sketch - 1
KN/m which includes water proofing loads
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m

0.0107x70.685x6.15x6.15
=

10x1.59 =

28.606

KN/m

30.569

KN/m2x1=

15.9 KN/m2

Ground pressure
P
=
(2x81.32/3.5)-15.9 =
Net Pressure P on the ground
=
14.67 KN/m
Obtaining Bending Moment and Shear Force from STAAD
81.320 KN
28.606 KN-m
14.67 KN/m

3.50
Figure Showing : Forces on the Base Slab in the Longitudinal Direction : Tank Empty

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

81.320 KN

30.57 KN/m

2) Tank Full no ground water

Length of the Base Slab along longitudinal Direction = 2a =
Height of the longitudinal wall
i.e wall 3
b
=
a/b
=
From Figure 4 of mood'y Table for ratio Mx
Width of the Roof Slab
=
Vertical Load from Roof Slab = 3.5/2 x0.2x24+3
=
Imposed load
=
3.5/2x2
=
Weight of wall
=
6.15x0.45x24
=
Total Load =11.4+3.5+66.42+0
=
Moment from external pressure

Uplift Pressure
Net Pressure P on the ground

3.50
6.15
0.28
0.0022
3.50 m
11.4
3.5
66.42
81.32

Refer Sketch - 1

value taken for ratio 0.25

KN/m which includes water proofing loads
KN/m
KN/m
KN/m

0.0107x70.685x6.15x6.15
=

0x1.59 =

0 KN/m2

(2x81.32/3.5)-0

28.606

KN/m

There will be no uplift pressure

46.469

KN/m2x1=

46.47 KN/m

Obtaining Bending Moment and Shear Force from STAAD

81.320 KN

81.320 KN
28.606 KN-m
46.47 KN/m

3.50
Figure Showing : Forces on the Base Slab in the Longitudinal Direction : Tank Full

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

Considering Maximum Moment and Shear Force from the above, Reinforcement calculation along Longitudinal Direction shown

DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

Check for Crack width
(Reference : Design of Liquid retaining concrete structures by Robert D. Anchor)
b=1000mm
Design Summary

X
h=500mm

Moment =
Tensile Stress in steel =
Com. Stress in concrete =

As=2011mm
(16 dia @ 100 mm c/c)
Max. Moment , M
Grade of concrete
Modular ratio , = Es / EC

=
=
=

Crack width

14.000
0.00459

C/C distance between bars

100

mm

Clear cover

50

mm

12

mm

16

mm

Diameter of distribution reinf.

Diameter of main bar

a =

112.25 KN-m
M35

= As/bd

112.25
142N/mm

62 mm

a1 =

a/h =

0.1240

Effective depth, d

h=500mm
=

Depth of neutral axis =

438

62

mm

Subtituting in equation below

x
= e
d
t

( (

1+

2
e

0.29996

x =

131.4

mm

z =d-x/3

394.2

mm

141.63

N/mm

< 0.8fy =368 N/mm Therefore O.K.

4.33

N/mm

0.45xFck=0.45x35=18

Ms
zA s

Stress in Steel =
=

2M s

Stress in Conrete =

zbx

=
1 =

h-X

d-X
=
=

Fs
Es

500

131.4

438

131.4

141.63
200000

8.51E-04

2 =

1 bt (h-x)

For 0.2mm crack width

3 Es As (d-x)
=
m =

3.67E-04
1 - 2

=
Crack width

0.0004839801
3 acr m

1+2 acr - Cmin

h-x
100

acr=79.6

Crack width

cmin=62

0.106 mm

<

0.2

mm

O.K
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.0013
Therefore minimum reinforcement =
Strength Check for the section -Flexure

650 mm

Considering a factor of 1.6 for footing slab design for both DL & SL
Factored moment :=
1.6x
B.M. @ face of wall
=

i.e. = 112.253 KN-m

179.60 KN-m

Moment capacity of the section is given by

M=

As f y
1 .1
5

z1d

---------- (1a)

4.33N/mm
0.106mm

Where z1 =

0 . 97 A s f

As

-----------(1b)

f cu bd

We have
2,011

mm2

fy =

450 N/mm2

f'cu =
b =

35 N/mm2
1000 mm

d =
Sustituting in equation (1b)
z1 =
0.943

438 mm

Now substituting z1 in eqn (1a)

Moment capacity of section =

2,011 x 450 x 0.943 x 438

1.15
=
=

3.25E+08 N-mm
325.0 KN-m >

179.60 KN-m

Therefore O.K.
Strength Check for the section -Shear
Factored shear force :=

1.4x

S.F. @ face of wall

i.e. = 74.835 KN

104.77 KN

Shear Capacity 'V'of section given by BS 8110 cl 3.4.5.2 is

V =

0 . 79bd

100 As
bd

1/3

Substituting the values

V =

208.76 KN

(400/d )1/4
m
>

104.77 KN

O.K

Therefore Shear reinforcement not required

Calculation of Minimum Reinforcement, Crack Spacing and
Crack Width in relation to Temperature and Moisture effect:
critical =
0.0035
for 450 grade steel

From table A.1 of 8007

is the critical steel ratio i.e. the

minimum
of the
steelconcrete
to the section, reqired to
gross ratio,
area of

critical =

the cracking.0.0035x1000x500=
Minimum steel As area requireddistribute
=
Estimate crack width W max
W max

As=1750mm /m

0.20mm

coefficient of thermal expansion of mature concrete =

12 x 10-6
From table 3.2 of BS 8110 part 2

T1 =
34 0 C
From table A.2 of BS 8007 for Ground Slabs of 500 thk
T1 is the fall in temperature between the hydration peak and ambient
fct/fb = 0.67

From table A.1 of 8007

Diameter of bar F = 16mm

W max =

fctF (T1 + T2)

T2

As per Iraq meterological data

fb x 2p x 2
0.0054672

0.0035
=
>
Then percentage of steel will be =
0.0054672
Using continous construction for full restraint from table 5.1 of BS 8007
Minimum Steel Required
As per BS 8007 Fig A.2 surface zones on Ground Slab
Top Reinforcement shall be =
Bottom Reinforcement shall be =

0.0054672x1000x250
0.0054672x1000x100
Total min Steel Required

Provide T16 - 125 mm c/c = 1608 mm2/m at top

Provide T12 - 125 mm c/c = 904 mm2/m at Bottom
Total steel Area will be = 2512mm2

=
=

As=1367mm /m
As=547mm /m
=

As=1914mm

Reinforcement Calculation along Longitudinal Direction & Check for Crack width
b=1000mm
Design Summary

X
h=500mm

Moment =
Tensile Stress in steel =
Com. Stress in concrete =

As=2011mm
(16 dia @ 100 mm c/c)
Max. Moment , M
Grade of concrete
Modular ratio , = Es / EC

=
=
=

= As/bd

Crack width

43.64
M35

KN-m

14.000
0.00459

C/C distance between bars

100

mm

Clear cover

50

mm

12

mm

16

mm

Diameter of distribution reinf.

Diameter of main bar

=
=

43.64
55N/mm
1.69N/mm
-0.008mm

a =

62 mm

a1 =

a/h =

0.1240

Effective depth, d

h=500mm
=

Depth of neutral axis =

438

62

mm

Subtituting in equation below

( (

x
= e
d
t

1+

2
e

0.29996

x =

131.4

mm

z =d-x/3

394.2

mm

55.06

N/mm

< 0.8fy =368 N/mm Therefore O.K.

1.69

N/mm

0.45xFck=0.45x35=18

Ms

Stress in Steel =

zA s
=

2M s

Stress in Conrete =

zbx
=

1 =

h-X

d-X
=
=

Fs
Es

500

131.4

438

131.4

55.06
200000

3.31E-04

2 =

1 bt (h-x)

For 0.2mm crack width

3 Es As (d-x)
=
m =
=
Crack width

3.67E-04
1 - 2
-3.637158E-005
3 acr m

1+2 acr - Cmin

h-x
100

acr=79.6

Crack width

cmin=62

-0.00793 mm

<

0.2

mm

O.K
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.0013
Therefore minimum reinforcement =

650 mm

Strength Check for the section -Flexure

Considering a factor of 1.6 for footing slab design for both DL & SL
Factored moment :=

1.6x
=

B.M. @ face of wall

119.70 KN-m

i.e. = 74.813 KN-m

Moment capacity of the section is given by

As f y

M=

1 .1
5
Where z1 =

---------- (1a)

z1d
1

0 . 97 A s f

We have
As

-----------(1b)

f cu bd

2,011

mm2

fy =

450 N/mm2

f'cu =
b =

35 N/mm2
1000 mm

d =
Sustituting in equation (1b)
z1 =
0.943

438 mm

Now substituting z1 in eqn (1a)

Moment capacity of section =

2,011 x 450 x 0.943 x 438

1.15
=
=

3.25E+08 N-mm
325.0 KN-m >

119.70 KN-m

Therefore O.K.
Strength Check for the section -Shear
Factored shear force :=

1.4x

S.F. @ face of wall

i.e. = 74.813 KN

104.74 KN

Shear Capacity 'V'of section given by BS 8110 cl 3.4.5.2 is

V =

0 . 79bd

100 As
bd

1/3

Substituting the values

V =

208.76 KN

(400/d )1/4
m
>

104.74 KN

O.K

Therefore Shear reinforcement not required

Calculation of Minimum Reinforcement, Crack Spacing and
Crack Width in relation to Temperature and Moisture effect:
critical =
0.0035
for 450 grade steel

From table A.1 of 8007

is the critical steel ratio i.e. the

minimum
of the
steelconcrete
to the section, reqired to
gross ratio,
area of
the cracking.0.0035x1000x500=
Minimum steel As area requireddistribute
=
Estimate crack width W max
critical =

W max

As=1750mm /m

0.20mm

coefficient of thermal expansion of mature concrete =

12 x 10-6
From table 3.2 of BS 8110 part 2

T1 =
34 0 C
From table A.2 of BS 8007 for Ground Slabs of 500 thk
T1 is the fall in temperature between the hydration peak and ambient
fct/fb = 0.67

From table A.1 of 8007

Diameter of bar F = 16mm

W max =

fctF (T1 + T2)

T2

0.0035
=
>
Then percentage of steel will be =
0.0054672
Using continous construction for full restraint from table 5.1 of BS 8007
Minimum Steel Required
As per BS 8007 Fig A.2 surface zones on Ground Slab
Top Reinforcement shall be =
0.0054672x1000x250

Bottom Reinforcement shall be = 0.0054672x1000x100 =

Total min Steel Required

As=1367mm /m
As=547mm /m
=

Provide T16 - 125 mm c/c = 1608 mm2/m at top

Provide T12 - 125 mm c/c = 904 mm2/m at Bottom
Total steel Area will be = 2512mm2

Assumed for Iraq Climatic condition

fb x 2p x 2
0.0054672

As=1914mm