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REQUIREMENTS
One way ANOVA tests the equality of group means for a single specified variable. For example, The F ratio tests the statistical significance between means.
Mathematical Formulations
THE SUM OF SQUARES
Let there be k populations, with population means 1, 2, 3 . k, based on independent random samples of n1, n2,
n3 . nk observations, selected from populations 1,2,3 ..,k, respectively. Then the Total Sum of Squares is the sum
of squares of deviation of all n ( n = n1 +n2 +n3 + .. + nk) x values about their overall mean i.e.
Ti = Total of all observations receiving the treatment i (or of the ith population)
ni = Number of observations receiving the treatment i (or of the ith population)
CM= Correction for the mean = T2/n
T = Total of all observations = ( T1 + T2 + T3 + . + Tk )
n = Total number of Observations = ( n1 + n2 + n3 + . + nk )
Sum of Squares for Error (SSE)
SSE is usually computed in a simplified way from the equation: SSERROR = SSTOTAL SSTREATMENT
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THE F STATISTIC
The F statistic is used for comparing the estimate of
s2 (MS(Treatment)) and the s2 (MS(Error)) and is given by F = MS(Treatment)/MS(Error).
The Analysis
The ANOVA is done with the Ho: 1 = 2 = 3 = ..= k
Next, using the tables, the F-value with degrees of freedom v1 (v1 = D.F. of the numerator i.e. of MS(Treatment) = k-1) and v2
(v2 = D.F. of the denominator i.e. of MS(Error) = n-k), and for the significance level used in the analysis, is obtained.
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The Degree of Freedom for the Regression Model, also called the explained model, is given by
k, where k = number of independent variables in the regression equation. For the Residual, the
error unexplained by the regression model, the Degree of Freedom is given by (n-k-1), where n =
number of counts of the independent variable in the data set.
Mean Square = (Sum of Squares)/(DF)
F Ratio = (Mean Square of the Regression)/(Mean Square of the Residual)
F-Prob = Level of significance corresponding to the F Value
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