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1. Support
2. Restraint
3. Brace
Restraint:
Stop: A device that permits rotation but prevents movement in one direction
along an axis.
Double acting Stop: A device that prevents movements in both directions along
an axis.
Limit Stop: limited amount of movement.
Anchor: It's a rigid restraint, a piece of equipment sometimes that allows very
less movement in any direction.
Supports:
Hanger: A Support that does so by suspending the pipe from the structure.
Guide: A device that prevents rotation about an axis.
Resting or sliding support: A device that provides the support from beneath the
pipe and offers no resistance except friction.
Rigid support: A support that provides stiffness in at least one direction.( A
support that does not deflect or show very little deflection in at least one
direction.)
Constant effort: The most common type is a spring support that is intended to
supply a constant supporting force through a range of movement.
Damping device: Commonly called a snubber, which acts as a shock absorber in
its efforts.
Braces are employed to act as restraints for forces that generally do not come
from such sources as thermal expansion or gravity.
Non-Rigid Hangers:
1. Constant Force
2. Spring Hanger. The spring hanger is the more common.
Spring Hanger: As the spring is loaded or unloaded it will impose a variable
load on the piping system. This is based on the fact that the piping weight
doesnt change as it moves up or down. Convention in calculating is that the
operating or hot condition is considered the base load, which then becomes the
load at the neutral position of the spring. This is considered the hot load. This
implies that as the system is cooled down the spring is collapsed and, based on
the springs K or spring rate, adds load. This makes the cold load the higher load.
That, plus the weight load calculated
for that position, is the total load on the system. And that load, since it is higher,
changes the system stresses.