1.

0 Introduction
The bricks are building material rectangle-shaped, made of inorganic materials that are
hard and tough. Brick is a durable building materials and be used for widespread. It was
created and existed for hundreds of years and it is important to build up structures in
civil engineering building.
Definitions brick is a brick is one block made of various materials and sizes 215mm
x102.5mm x 65mm which when combined with the increase in size of 10mm mortar
layer. The size and size of bricks has never changed since time immemorial.
Bricks were formed by pressure usually has indentations on the surface of the brick
face. The bricks are made by machine consists of clay that is pressed with a hydraulic
press. The bricks have been formed to be dried and then baked. Bricks is also available
in various types.
Bricks used in construction made of some sort of major raw materials such as clay,
sand and cement. Among the types of bricks produced and used in the construction of
clay bricks, cement bricks and blocks of cement.
The bricks used to build the walls of the building bears the burden of whether or not to
fill out the wall between the load-bearing framework. It is also used to make the
retaining wall, the wall of the toilet and make concrete fence. Uses of brick is very
important in the aspects of construction and utility covers the entire building to be built
without the use of bricks, construction may not be smooth and the quality of the
resulting customer satisfaction. Building produced without the use of bricks will be
damaged and not safe because there were no fans or whilst retaining structure will also
be affected as a result of the lack of bricks. Therefore, the use of bricks in building
construction is critical.
In addition, the bricks that have been broken due to negligence during control, it should
not be thrown away. It still can be used as a hard layer of rock (hardcore) that is used as
the base material in the construction of the floor. It also prevents construction materials
from waste. In the labor bricks, choice of materials and equipment is important because
it can determine the outcome of a good working, neat and very important from a safety
aspect. In addition, the selection of the right materials can also give strength to the
work.

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1.1 Problem statement

The topic of the second semester we have learned quite a bit about the brick. The
technology is getting advanced day by the passage of time. We do not know how to
form bricks, jointing and pointing and manufacturing methods and materials used.
Therefore the problems faced by us is that we cannot imagine when the lecturer
teaching about the brick. Image is not enough for us to understand. Additionally, we also
want to find a new method of brick used. When visit this site, we can find some sense of
bricks used.

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1.2 Objective
Our research covers several objectives. Among them is to find and identify how the
bricklaying at the construction site. In addition, we investigate to find out the difference
between the type of brick used on construction sites and bricks that we choose to
compare. Furthermore, the technologies used in the project site and determine the
types of raw materials used.
In addition, we also study the advantages and disadvantages of brick used on the
project site as well as the estimated costs necessary to know and to know the time or
the time taken to complete.

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1.3 Scope Of Study

There are three methods used in this study, namely interviews, site visits, finding
information on the internet and questionnaires. The purpose of these interviews was to
obtain information and a clear picture of the study .The latest brick work and
conventional used construction site. Parties interviewed for this study is the contractor
of Kompleks Niaga INOtrus
For the site visit, a total of 3 students went to the construction site to obtain and collect
information by engaging with the work of art and the use of brick conventional. This
method has been accompanied Site Engineer as our advisor in the process of gathering
information for building materials.
For the next method is through questionnaires. The questionnaire is to identify the
characteristics of building materials. The respondents of the questionnaire consists of a
Site Engineer, Project Manager, Site Supervisor and Quantity Surveyors. Questions is
to examine in detail the management and use Current and conventional brickwork and
characteristics of building materials used construction site. Question addressed directly
to the site supervisor involved and respond to the questions and presented live.
Contractor is the party responsible for managing and ensuring the quality of
construction materials on site secure. Contractors have become a major source of
information in the study. All information from the study is the contractor through the
questions the survey has been provided for this study. Several questions were posed to
the structure of the contracting parties to obtain clarification from the contractor:

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1.4 Expected Outcomes

In our study there is some expected outcome can be achieved that first we able to
identify the type that used in building construction. Next we able know new technology
used namely light weight concrete block.
Furthermore, the technologies used in the project site and determine the types of raw
materials used accomplished. We know about advantage of light weight concrete block
for example fire resistance, easily worked, energy saving, versality and more. Beside of
that we know about material that used manufacture of brick.

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2.0 LETERITURE REVIEW

2.1 The Types of Brick

2.1.1 Cement Bricks
Bricks made of cement and sand. Smoothie ratio varies according to the strength
desired. A ratio of 1: 8 is a mixture commonly used to make cement bricks local. The
water content in the mixture should be controlled so as not to over-wet.
Cement bricks produced by using the mold. Newly minted brick should be left to dry
yourself and cured for two weeks before it is suitable for use. Curing is done by watering
once a brick is hardened, especially during hot weather. Cement brick size is equal to
the size of clay brick that is 216mm x 103mm x65mm.

Figure 1 Showed some cement brick pallet.

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2.1.2Clay brick
Among the above brick, clay brick is the most widely used. Bricks are available in two
groups, ordinary bricks and face bricks lovely. Most of the brick factory only produce
ordinary brick chancery. Lovely face brick is a brick factory that produced some of the
great features advanced technology. Lovely face brick is characterized by the high
quality brick and the price was three times the normal brick. Ordinary brick used in the
construction of normal to be plastered and lovely face brick used in the construction that
is not plastered. Clay bricks are produced in various blocks and tiles (paver) for specific
purposes. Clay brick is divided into three categories:
2.1.3 Naked eye
Common brick has no specific packaging and on the surface, and usually to the wall of
sanctions that will be covered with a layer of plaster, or for other uses such a surface.
.
2.1.4 Brick facade
This type of brick finishes on the surface, either textured, smooth or gritty. Its color is
uniform or multi - colored. The bricks used for walls that face looks beautiful nature shall
be to extreme weather.
2.1.4 Brick engineering
Brick engineering is a solid brick and are used to build - building such as retaining walls,
walls or abutment and piers who bear the brunt, wall-shelf and wall-greet bridges,
culverts bricks, shaped forms another wall who may be exposed to the action of acid
and corrosion. Brick engineering should meet the standards of Malaysia MS 7.6

Figure 2 Show bricks made of clay.

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2.1.5 Fire Bricks

Fire brick is a special type of brick used for lining the hole shoulder or chimneys, boilers
and furnaces, or other work which required heat-resistant conditions. The brick made
from clay or slate heat resistant to high temperatures. consisting of lightweight concrete,
solid concrete and aerated concrete. The definition block or blocks have been set in
BS2028 stating that block is larger than a brick in length, thickness and height. Highblocks must not exceed in length or six times its thickness. In the local construction
there are three types of blocks used, namely solid block, cellular block and hollow block.

Figure 3 Show the fire bricks are ready pervaded.

2.1.6 Sand Lime Brick (calcium-silica)

This brick is made from a mixture of lime Retaliation ratio of 1: 8, which is mixed with a
little water. The moist mixture is introduced into the mold under high pressure according
to the required forms. The raw bricks filled up the truck and subsequently pushed into
the autoclave, which is a large steel pressure. When the autoclave is full, cover the
open ends of the steel was repeatedly on the steam being swept up to a certain
pressure for 7 or 8 hours. As a result of the action pressure, steam and heat causes the
sand and lime together by chemical. After that, the bricks were removed and cooled.

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There are four classes of sand-lime brick, namely:

Brick for special use, which is suitable for use in jobs requiring high strength or to
be constantly immersed in water.
Brick building to work on the fence outside
Bata to use (2) bound with mortar but instead of mortar
Bata for use inside buildings, which tied with mortar.
The bricks made from cement and sand. The method of manufacturing this type
of brick is about the same as the manufacture of sand-lime brick.

2.1.7 Block Cement

Increasing use cement blocks as they are cheaper in terms of price and can be
fastened quickly in the construction led to increased productivity. For example bind a
block of 450mm x 225 mm x1000mm is equal to six ordinary brick tie. Blocks can be
produced from a concrete mix. The local construction there are three types of blocks
used in the solid block, cellular block and hollow block.

Figure 4 Show the size of a piece block.

2.2 Arrangement Brick

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The system or how bricks stacked to form a wall structure named. The general principle
used in forming the brick structure is perpendicular to a bonding layer shall be not less
than a quarter of brick layers on the vertical bonding above and below. The aim is to
keep the weight point on the wall that is evenly distributed to the bricks beneath it to
prevent the occurrence of structural failure, such as unequal deposition and fracture.
The brick structure will also affect the stability of the wall, especially on corners,
junctions and crossing the wall.
There are many types of compounds used for a specific purpose, but the most widely
used is a set of headers (header), brick-sided structure, composition and structure
Flemish English. In order to comply with a system that bond, brick units may need to be
cut into shapes. Select a brick slices (bat) or bricks cover (closer) as Rajah2.4. These
bricks can be cut by tapping it firmly with a spatula segment, but a more perfect way is
to use a brick hammer or hoe.

2.3 The types of brick

2.3.1 Sided Brick Structure
In the arrangement of this type, each layer consisting of side brick (the bricks are
arranged in longitudinal direction). These layers, called layer side of a brick. Distance
connections vertical layers of overlapping (mount) is a half-brick. Ends must begin or
end with a brick cut in half or one-sided brick alternating layers of the wall. This
arrangement can only be used for half-brick thick wall only, and not less either be used
for thicker walls than this.

Figure 5 Show the kind of hand brick.

2.3.2 Head Brick Structure

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In the arrangement of head brick, brick units in all layers of bricks stacked in width.
These layers named head brick layer. With this arrangement, will show brick wall built
surface it just shows the head of bricks only. The composition of this bond is weak, but
very useful for helping with the curved wall and suitable for wall thickness 1 brick.

Figure 6 Shows the types of head brick.

2.3.4 English Arrangement

Wall materials are made using a set consisting of a layer of polish looks head and side
brick layers alternately. In a head brick layer at the edges to give the order. It started
with a brick layer brick slices of three-quarters of the latter is better suited to face the
wall.

Figure 7 Show the kind of polish brick.

2.4.5 Arrangement Flemish

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In order flemish, all brick layer composed of the heads of brick and brick side, bound
with alternating brick units which in each layer are arranged lengthwise and widthwise
alternately. The position of head of bricks in one layer is placed in the middle of the side
of the brick layers on the top and on the bottom, in order to meet the principles of the
brick ties. To get this bond, half-infused cover of bricks at one end in alternating layers.
During the meeting building, crossing the ends of the wall or cross walls (corners of
walls), to conform to the principles of the brick structure.

Figure 8 Show the type of brick Flemish.

2.4 Neat-Tie Brick Wall

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Pack-tie is the term given to the process of final packaging a brick wall to create a
beautiful appearance. This was done against a brick wall face. There are two events to
do neat, tidy, tie the belt during the work carried out and neat brick-masonry tie after
completion. these methods have pros and cons

2.4.1 Pack-Belts During Brick Work Underway

In this way, the bricks are prepared and ready to brush up a brick layer or in part and
bondage is packed bond masonry units shall be not too wet and not too dry when
finished. Benefits of this method is that it is more practical strong and fast. Use this
method also is cheaper because it is not necessary dredged mortar binder. the
drawback is the work that was done quite difficult to obtain a uniform color. Furthermore,
the bond units hard packed brick-tie on a rainy day.

2.4.2 Pack-Tie After Work Brick Ready

During the work carried bricks bonding units arrange it dug to a depth of 15mm using a
sharpened stick. the sharp end of the timber width equal to the width of the brick ties.
Institute of bricks that have been dug allowed to harden, and work to build the walls
brushed to remove the mortar that is free, and the wall was cleaned with water. The
wall, left to dry in advance and then update the work-tie do. Once this work is done both
during bondage is still in a damp condition. Recent tie can be found to provide a more
uniform appearance and attractive way.
Update tie is done using a mortar composition and the desired color. the wall face to be
constantly exposed to adverse weather ratio of 1: 2 (1 part cement, 2 parts sand, but to
face the wall normal rate of 1: 3 is sufficient. A mixture of sand and cement will produce
gray mud mortar and mix it a little lime color is yellowish white. If another color is
desired, the dye mortar should be used.
.

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Figure 9 shows some types of packaging in brick bond.

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3.0 Methodology
3.1introduction
We received instructions from the lecturer building construction 2 for assignments
related to "site visit" titled brickwork. There are three methods used in this study, namely
interviews, site visits, finding information on the internet and questionnaires. The
purpose of these interviews was to obtain information and a clear picture of the study
.The latest brick work and conventional used construction site. Parties interviewed for
this study is the contractor of Kompleks Niaga INOtrus
For the site visit, a total of 3 students went to the construction site to obtain and collect
information by engaging with the work of art and the use of brick conventional. This
method has been accompanied Site Engineer as our advisor in the process of gathering
information for building materials.
For the next method is through questionnaires. The questionnaire is to identify the
characteristics of building materials. The respondents of the questionnaire consists of a
Site Engineer, Project Manager, Site Supervisor and Quantity Surveyors. Questions is
to examine in detail the management and use Current and conventional brickwork and
characteristics of building materials used construction site. Question addressed directly
to the site supervisor involved and respond to the questions and presented live.
Contractor is the party responsible for managing and ensuring the quality of
construction materials on site secure. Contractors have become a major source of
information in the study. All information from the study is the contractor through the
questions the survey has been provided for this study. Several questions were posed to
the structure of the contracting parties to obtain clarification from the contractor:
..

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3.1 FLOW CART

Lecturer giving the assignment

of a "site visit

Divide into groups and give

each group a title

Discuss fellow group members

to establish a special title. And
create survey questions

Finding a suitable site on the

topic

Make proposals after

conducting site visits

Shows Flow Chart

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Based on figure shown a flow chart in to complete this report in building construction 2.
First Lecturer En Mohd Hanizan Bin Mohd Bahari giving the assignment of a "site visit.
Lecturer give a title for the site visit. Next divide into group and give each group a little
and have 7 group and the student vote for the title. Then the discuss fellow group
member to a special title and create a survey question.

3.2 GRANT CART

MONTH/WEEK

MONTH 7

MONTH 8

MONTH 9

MONTH 10

SUBJECT/
ACTIVITY
1) Description of
field study by
the lecturers
2) The division of
the group and
the title.
3) Do a search
for suitable
sites
4) Preparation of
letter of
approval for
the site
5) Submission of
a letter of
authorization
6) The meetings
of expert
groups to
determine the
title.
7) The date of
the site visit

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1 -

2 -

3 - 4 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 1 2 - 3 - 4 1 -

2 -

3 - 4

8) Submission of
a letter of
authorization
to the
consultant
9) Prepare
questions to
ask
10)
A visit
to the site the
first time
11)
Obtaini
ng information
on the topics
of study
12)
collecti
ng the
information
needed
13)
Creatin
g a slide and
report on field
study
14)
Present
ation
15)
Submit
report

Planning
Actual Work

Shows Grant Chart

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4.0 Report
4.1 Introduction Industrialize Building System
Malaysia has been in the use of the latest technologies in the field of construction that
malaria is still new for developing countries. Malaysia has gone a step further by
developing a guidance system industrialized (IBS) for competing in infrastructure
development. The advanced technology used to improve the quality and productivity of
construction projects to enable the development of infrastructure in Malaysia will be on
par with developed countries. However, this method has yet to be fully applied in the
construction industry. Malaysian construction industry was heading for a change from
industrial traditional more industrialized building system (IBS). IBS has been identified
as a potential solver to improve the overall performance of the construction industry in
terms of labor, Quality, cost effectiveness, safety, waste reduction and productivity and
quality of work with the use of new construction can be improve productivity and quality
of work with the construction of a better use of machinery, equipment, materials and
detailed pre-project planning. In this study one should compare between IBS and
conventional construction methods taking into account factors such as labor, material
costs, construction time, advantages, disadvantages and various other things from a
more subjective point has been taken into account. Data was collected for the
observation site at the project and search through the internet.
.

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Figure 1 Show some lightweight Concrete Block.

4.2.1 Advantages IBS
Accelerate the construction of IBS enables faster construction time delivery of projects
that can be greatly reduced. This enables cost savings to offset the cost of capital for
the initial investment burden for plant and machinery. IBS will save some time by 75%
compared to traditional construction systems. Labor savings as IBS depends on
mechanical means to produce elements at the factory fabricated and on-site
construction to a minimum, it should allow a reduction in demand for labor to install the
elements and build on the site. The IBS system only using skilled workers and semiskilled workers in the use of unskilled labor is almost completely eliminated.
Quality control of the main advantages of using IBS is able to consistently high quality.
Construction site a more orderly, safe and sanitary cleaner site is the result of a
reduction in construction waste using standardized components and component-site
work less. Reduction of workers at the site, the materials and construction ensure a
construction site less. Reduction of workers at the site, the materials of construction
waste has guaranteed the construction site safer and more orderly. Platform and secure
a strong work produced by prefabricated elements. In addition, construction sites more
orderly, cleaner and safer as well as the reduction of construction waste, workers and
materials on construction sites. Environmental protection industrialized building system
(IBS) will ensure environmental protection in the absence of dust and dirt on site. Noise
pollution caused by construction scaffolding and formwork, as well as its opening almost
eliminated.
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The cause of IBS is not in use is the lack of knowledge about building techniques poses
feeling unable to bear the risk and fear among the participants in the construction
industry is still tied to The conventional method which relies heavily on the work of wet
leads to the construction site becomes dirty, difficult, and still requires a lot of labor.
In addition, IBS has mistaken that it is only suitable for low-cost housing in which it
shows lack of awareness of IBS among industry players. In fact there are those who
doubt the soundness of structures built using the IBS. , Lack of experience and
technical knowledge belonging to the contractors about IBS has led to cost above
budget due to cost control ineffective.

4.2.2 Definition lightweight Concrete Block.

Lightweight Foamed Concrete Products are produce in both standard block and wall
panel. The design mix is Cement, Fine Sand and Chemical for producing foam into the
mortar. Thick formerly used for internal and external wall. The block density is between
700~1200 kg/m3 and can be used as load bearing wall up to 3 storey without normal
beams and columns.
Lightweight Foamed Concrete products are not affected by harsh climatic condition and
will not degrade under normal atmospheric condition. The excellent insulating property
of respective foam concrete is due to the great number of closed cavities forming the
multi cellular structure. Besides that, it easily worked by sawn, drilled, nailed and normal
working tools.
Lightweight Foamed Concrete products is an organic material and therefore
incombustible. Test carried out SIRIM QAS International Sdn.Bhd. and Jabatan Bomba
& Penyelamat Malaysia shows that a foam concrete wall 100mm thick has a fire
resisting exceeding 2 hours and may not limit up to 4 hours. Due to cellular structure of
foam concrete, the water absorption of this material is much less than normal dense
concrete.

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4.2.3 Materials Used To Work lightweight Concrete Block

Figure 2 Cutting for lightweight Concrete Block

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Figure 3 Leveling Plane

Figure 4 Notched Trowel lightweight Concrete Block

Figure 5 SCI Thin Bed Adhesive

4.3 Discussion
This discussion is recounted and discussed more clearly and carefully about the data
obtained in achieving the objectives of the data obtained from the survey and
observation and questionnaires to the manager and one project in Kelantan. For the
objective of our study was to observe at a construction site using a conventional brick
and our assessment of the industrialized construction methods (IBS).
In this study, the discussion will be made on the importance of the Industrialized
Building System (IBS) to enhance the effectiveness of construction projects.
Bricks is an element that is used in the manufacture of building structures and buildings
made of various materials and their uses its own. Bata is widely used in building
construction, drains, gates and other uses. This study provided many benefits,
especially to know and identify ways bricklaying at the project site. In addition, examine
and make a difference in terms of cost, method and the advantages and disadvantages
of conventional brick used on construction sites with brick-based Industrialized Building
System (IBS).

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4.4 Comparison Between Methods Industrialized Building System (IBS) with the
conventional method.
Comparison between IBS and conventional methods will be described more detailed
below.
4.3.1 Project Background
Construction sites that we choose to be in INOtrus Business Complex at Batu Chepa,
Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The proposed project is to build and set up a factory which is one
level. Do not forget also to project manager who helped us to get our information about
the work of En.Dslizani Bin Ismail. The project is estimated at RM50,000. The
construction period of the project is estimated for 1 month.
4.3.2 Fire Resistance
Brickwell blocks are totally inorganic and are incombustible. The product is especially
suited for fire rated application.

4.3.3 Easily Worked

Brickwell blocks can be sawn, drilled, nailed, and machined using normal wood working
tools.
4.4.4 Energy Saving
The remarkably good insulation properties of block mean a pleasant interior
environment is achieved. In most cases the need for supplementary insulation is
unnecessary.
4.4.5 Rapid On Site Assembly
The Products light weight and easy workability means that is very quick to install on
site.
4.4.6 Versatility
Brickwell blocks can be used for all applications including walls, roofs and floors in both
load bearing and non-load bearing applications.
4.4.7 Excellent Acoustic Performance
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Brickwell blocks have excellent acoustic performance and can be used as an effective
sound barrier.

5.0 Conclusions

The study that we have done is to examine the importance of technology in the
industrialized building system (IBS) in enhancing the effectiveness of the project and to
determine the extent of experienced contractors and knowledgeable in the field of
industrialized building system (IBS) is.
The conclusion we have obtained is IBS is a construction method that has all the
sections building construction and skilled labor is much less. IBS is to improve and
change the use of a conventional method. the practice of the construction industry to
better development of the country, especially in the pursuit of technological progress
construction.
In addition to enhancing the level of development of the country, especially in the
realization of Vision 2020. The state of the current site is very dangerous, dirty and
difficult and the dependence on foreign workers explained that the construction industry
needs to be changed. Thus, IBS introduced four decades ago a lot of promises that can
cover disadvantages of conventional methods. All parties involved in the construction
industry for the government and private sectors should collaborate and provide support
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to ensure that IBS can be implemented widely in the construction industry in Malaysia to
further enhance the technology to better keep the country on par with the construction in
developed countries such as Japan, United State, Russia and United Kingdom.

6.0 Reference
We get some background information resource through the website:
http://www.inotrus.com/lightweight.php
http://www.utusan.com.my/sains-teknologi/teknologi/kaedah-ibs-jimat-cepat-danberkualiti-1.28239
http://batubatasubjekkv.blogspot.com/p/pengenalan-batu-bata.html
http://allpolyteknikmodul.blogspot.com/2012/09/kerja-bata-unit-2.html
https://www.cidb.gov.my/cidbv4/index.php?
option=com_faqbook&view=category&id=85&Itemid=491&lang=ms
http://www.ibs.utm.my/myibs/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialised_Building_System_%28IBS%29

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7.0 Appendices

Diagram 1

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Diagram 2

Questionnaire
List questionnaire asked at construction site:
1 What type of brick used?

2 Materials used?

3 Type of bond brick used

4 What are the advantages of brick used on the project site?

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5 What are the weaknesses of the brick used in the project site?

6 Where are the raw materials available?

7 How many skilled workers needed to complete a one-story building?

8 Is the surface should be plastered brick?

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