1.

Types of cotton yarn & yarn count

Types of cotton yarn

There are two types of cotton yarn according to their manufacturing process,

1.

Carded yarn.

2.

Combed yarn.

Differences between card yarn and combed yarn.

Carded yarn

The yarn is more hairy.

The yarn is more irregular.

The yarn is cheaper.

The yarn is less shiny.

Some trash may be present in the yarn.

Neaps can be present in the yarn.

Possibility of irregular twist distribution in the yarn.

Combed yarn

The yarn is less hairy.

The yarn is more regular.

The yarn is more costly.

The yarn is shinier.

No trash can be present in the yarn.

Neaps are not available in the yarn.

Uniform distribution of twist in the yarn.

09
Yarn numbering system
Yarn count
A numeric value to measurement yarn finesse or core ness.
Yarn numbering system

There is two-yarn count,

1. Direct system
2. Indirect system

Direct system
According to this system, yarn length is fixed and weight is variable.
However the following general formula can used to find count in all direct system.

WXl
N =
L
Where,
N = The yarn in direct system.
W = The weight of the sample.
L = The length of the sample.
l = The units of length of the system.

Direct system is six system to yarn numbering system,is given below

1.

Tex system,Tt

2.

Denier system,D or Td

3.

Deci system,dtex

4.

Millitex,mtex

5.

Kilotex,ktex

6.

Jute counts.

Tex system and Denier system are two of the most widely used direct counting system.
10
Direct system
Tex system

According to this system, number of grams per 1000 meters.

For example, If length of 2500 meters of polyester yarn weight is 50gms.

What is tex. of the yarn?

we have know the formula,

WXl

N =
L

# W = 50gms
# l = 1000metres

# L = 2500metres
50 X 1000
N =
2500

=20 tex

Denier system
According to this system, number of grams per 9000 meters.

For example,

If length of 1350 meters of silk yarn weight is 7.5gms.What is denier of the yarn?
We have know the formula,

WXl

N =
L

7.5 X 9000

# W = 7.5gms

N = =50 denier
1350

# l = 9000metres
# L = 1350metres
11
Indirect system

According to this system, yarn length is variable and weight is fixed.

However the following general formula can used to find count in all indirect system.

LXw
N =
lXW

Where,
N = The yarn count in indirect system.
W = The weight of the sample.
w = The units of weight of the system
L = The length of the sample.
l = The units of length of the system

Indirect system is six system to yarn numbering system, is given below

1.

English cotton count, Ne

2.

Metric count, Nm

3.

Woolen count, YSW

4.

Woolen count, Dewsbury

5.

Worsted count, Nek

6.

Linen count, NeL

But, English cotton count, Ne system and Metric count, Nm system are two of the most widely used indirect counting
system

12

English cotton count ,Ne system

According to this system number of 840yd length per pound.

Unit of length ( l ) = 840 yards (yds), Unit of weight = 1pound (lb).

One yard = 0.9144 meter. One pound = 453.6 gram.

For example,

On a cone, there are 9800m yarn which weight 490gm, What is

English cotton count, Ne of the yarn?

We have know the formula,

LXw
N =

# L = 9800m
# w = 1lb = 453.6 gram

lXW

# l = 840 yards = 8400.9144m

# W = 490gm

9800 X 453.6
Ne =
8400.9144 X490

Ne = 11.81

Ne = 12

Problem

# on a cone, there are 9800metres yarn which weight 490gm, what is count denier \ Tex of the yarn?
# If length of 2500 meters of polyester yarn weight is 50gms.What is Ne \ Nm of the yarn?

2. Different kinds of yarn are used in textile sector. These are different in structure and
character. Definition of these yarn are given below:

Spun yarn: Spun yarn is defined as the twisted continuous strand of staple fiber
having considerable strength; twist is given to gripping each other of staple fiber. It
should have definite fineness and no. of twist per inch, which ensure its suitability for
next consequence processes. Spun yarns are formed by flyer, rotor, air-jet and vortexspinning system.
Filament yarn: Filament yarn is defined as the twisted or without twisted strands of
filaments, where each filament runs the whole length of yarn. When yarn is composed of
one filament is called monofilament yarn. If yarn is composed of more than one filament
is called multifilament yarn. There are approximately 50 to more than 100 filaments
present in one mulifilament yarn.
Carded yarn: Yarn produced from fibers that have been only carded but not combed.
Carded yarn is also ring, rotor and vortex yarn.
Combed yarn: Yarn produced from fibers that have been both carded and combed.
Normally carded yarn is manufactured by ring spinning system. The combing process is
an additional step beyond carding. In this process the fibers are arranged in a highly
parallel form, and additional short fibers, neps and trash are removed, producing high

quality yarns with excellent strength and evenness. Normally combing is necessary to
manufacture good quality fine yarn.
Ring yarn: Ring yarn is formed by the twisting of ring and traveler combination by
ring spinning machine. Normally ring yarn can be coarse to fine in fineness.
Rotor yarn: Rotor yarn is formed by twisting of rotor by rotor spinning machine. This
yarn can be formed from short fiber. Normally rotor yarn is coarse. Rotor yarn is also
called open end yarn.
Air-jet yarn: Air-jet yarn is manufactured by air-jet spinning machine. This yarn is
false twist or zero twist yarn. This yarn is coarse to medium in fineness.
Vortex yarn: Vortex yarn is manufactured by vortex spinning machine. This yarn is
coarse to medium in fineness. Vortex yarn is also open end yarn.
Woven yarn: Yarn is manufactured for the purpose of woven cloth manufacturing is
called woven yarn. If yarn is used at the lengthwise direction of cloth is called warp yarn
and if yarn is used at the widthwise direction of cloth is called weft yarn. Normally warp
yarn is stronger than weft yarn.
Knit yarn: yarn which is manufactured for the purpose of knitted cloth manufacturing
is called knit yarn. Knit yarn is a low twisted soft yarn.
Single yarn: Single yarns are made from single filaments or from group of staple or
filament fibers twisted together to form the desired yarn. Monofilament, Multifilament and
spun yarns are all single yarns.
Ply yarn: Ply yarns are made by twisting together two or more single yarns. Each
part of the yarn is called a ply. Yarn can be two, three or four plied. Sewing thread is ply
yarn.
Cord yarn: Cord yarns are formed by twisted together of plied yarns. They are seldom
used in conventional fabrics.
100% Cotton: The yarn has 100% cotton fiber.
P/C or T/C: Yarn produced by blending of cotton and polyester fibers. The maximum
part of this yarn is polyester. The yarn has more than 50% polyester fibers and rest
portion is cotton
CVC: A blended yarn having more percentage of cotton as compared to that of
polyester is called chief value cotton or CVC yarn. For example, Cotton: Polyester is
70:30 or 60:40.

Instead of these, there are also many yarns, which are formed by special way with special
character for different extra ordinary purpose. The name of some special yarn: Mixture or
Ingrain yarn, Mlange yarn, Mottle yarn, Jaspe yarn, Slub yarn, Knop yarn, Loop yarn,
Chenille yarn, Crepe yarn, Glitter yarn.