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UnitIBASICSOFOPERATIONALAMPLIFIERS
Current mirror and current sources, Current sources as active loads, Voltage sources, Voltage
References, BJT Differential amplifier with active loads, Basic information about opamps Ideal
OperationalAmplifierGeneraloperationalamplifierstagesandinternalcircuitdiagramsofIC741,DC
andACperformancecharacteristics,slewrate,Openandclosedloopconfigurations.
PartA
Q.No
Questions
BTLevel
Competence
1.
Describeoffsetvoltageofanoperationalamplifier
BTL1
Remember
2.
DefineCMRR.
BTL1
Remember
3.
Explaintheconceptthatwhatdoyoumeanbybalancedand
BTL2
Understand
unbalancedoutput?
4.
Whatisanidealopamp?
BTL1
Remember
5.
Explainthermaldrift?
BTL1
Remember
6.
Writeshortnoteaboutcurrentmirrorwithmagnification.
BTL1
Remember
7.
Describeslewrateandwhatcausestheslewrate?
BTL1
Remember
8.
Stateloadingeffect?Howcanyoureduceit?
BTL2
Understand
9.
WhydoweuseRcompresistor?
BTL2
Understand
10.
Whatisthegaincrossoverandphasecrossoverfrequencies?
BTL2
Understand
11.
Categorizethecharacteristicsofanidealopamp.
BTL3
Apply
12.
Givetheinternalblockdiagramofanopamp.
BTL3
Apply
13.
DrawthepindiagramofIC741.
BTL3
Apply
14.
Mentiontheimportanceofinputoffsetcurrent.
BTL4
Analyze
15.
Writenoteaboutinputbiascurrent.
BTL4
Analyze
16.
AnalyzethedrawbacksofusinglargeRCindifferentialamplifier.
BTL4
Analyze
17.
Briefthenecessityofactiveloadspreferredthanpassiveloadsin
BTL5
Evaluate
theinputstageofanoperationalamplifier.
18.
Justifythat,whyIC741opampnotusedforhighfrequency
BTL5
Evaluate
applications?
19.
Calculatethemaximumdistortedamplitudethatasinewave
BTL6
Create
inputof10kHz,canproduceattheoutputofanopampwhose
slewrateis0.5v/sec.
20.
ADifferentialamplifierhasadifferentialvoltagegainof2000and
BTL6
Create
K.KAMALA, AP(Sr.G)
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
commonmodegainof0.2.DetermineCMRR.
PartB
Define and explain slew rate. Derive its equation. Also explain
BTL1
methodadaptedtoimprovingslewrate.
(i) Write down the characteristics and their respective values of
BTL1
anidealoperationalamplifier(6)
(ii) Draw the circuit of basic current mirror and explain its
operation.(10)
(i) Describe about output offset voltage. Explain methods to
BTL1
nullifyoffsetvoltage.(8)
(ii) With neat circuit diagram, explain the operation of Voltage
referencecircuitusingtemperaturecompensation.(8)
(i)Discussoncurrentmirrorwithmagnification.(8)
BTL2
(ii) Use appropriate block diagram, explain the general stages of
anOpAmpIC.(8)
(i) Explain in detail about frequency compensation techniques
BTL2
appliedtooperationalamplifiers.(8)
(ii)Brieflydescribeaboutmultiplecurrentsources.(8)
(i) Draw the circuit of basic current mirror and explain its
BTL3
operation(8)
(ii)GivethedetailtheDCanalysisofabasicdifferentialamplifier
or obtain the expression for operating point values of a basic
differentialamplifier.(8)
Obtain the expression for differential gain, common mode gain,
BTL4
CMRR,RIandROofanemittercoupleddifferentialamplifier.
(i)SketchtheWilsoncurrentsourceandgivedetailednoteabout
BTL3
it.(8)
UNITIIAPPLICATIONSOFOPERATIONALAMPLIFIERS
Remember
Remember
Remember
Understand
Understand
Apply
Analyze
Apply
Analyze
Evaluate
Create
SignChanger,ScaleChanger,PhaseShiftCircuits,VoltageFollower,VtoIandItoVconverters,adder,
subtractor,Instrumentationamplifier,Integrator,Differentiator,Logarithmicamplifier,Antilogarithmic
amplifier, Comparators, Schmitt trigger, Precision rectifier, peak detector, clipper and clamper, Low
pass,highpassandbandpassButterworthfilters.
K.KAMALA, AP(Sr.G)
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)
PARTA
Q.No
Questions
BTLevel
1.
BTL2
Competence
Understand
2.
BTL2
Understand
3.
Mentiontheapplicationsofvoltagetocurrentconverters.
BTL2
Understand
4.
5.
Briefnoteaboutaninstrumentationamplifier
Compare the performance of inverting and non inverting
operationalamplifierconfigurations.
Givetheapplicationsofinverting&non invertingamplifiers.
Draw the inverting & non inverting amplifiers with appropriate
equatons.
BTL1
BTL4
Remember
Analyze
BTL1
BTL3
Remember
Apply
6.
7.
8.
BTL2
Understand
9.
BTL5
Evaluate
10.
SummarizethefrequencyexpressionsforLPF,HPFandBPF.
BTL1
Remember
11.
Enumeratetheadvantages&disadvantagesofpassivefilters?
BTL1
Remember
12.
Sketchtheopampintegrator&differentiatorcircuitwith
necessaryequation.
Definecomparator
Illustratesomeoftheimportantfeaturesofaninstrumentation
amplifier.
Constructanaddercircuitusingopamptogettheoutput
expressionasVo=(0.1V1 +V2+5V3)
Demonstratetheneedforfrequencycompensationinpractical
opamps
Show the necessity of active guard drive in an instrumentation
amplifier.
BTL3
Apply
BTL1
BTL1
Remember
Remember
BTL3
Apply
BTL4
Analyze
BTL4
Analyze
Findtheoutputvoltageofthefollowingcircuit.GivenR1 =R2 =
10kand Rf =100
BTL6
Create
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
K.KAMALA, AP(Sr.G)
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)
19.
Howdoesprecisionrectifierdifferfromtheconventional
rectifier?
20. Designanamplifierwithagainof10andinputresistanceequal
to10k.
PARTB
1. Explain the operation of Instrumentation amplifier with suitable
BTL5
Evaluate
BTL6
Create
BTL2
Understand
diagram.
(i)UsingappropriateequationsdiscussabouttheworkingofHalf
BTL4
wavePrecisionRectifier.(10)
BTL4
(ii)ExaminetheprincipalofoperationofVoltagefollowerWiththe
neatcircuitdiagramandmathematicalexpressions.(6)
3. (i) Draw and explain the operation of Triangular wave generator.
BTL1
(6)
BTL1
(ii)WriteshortnotesonsecondorderLowPassButterworthfilter
(Sallenkeyfilter).(10)
4. (i) With neat sketch explain the working of Full wave Precision
BTL3
Rectifierindetail.(8)
BTL3
(ii)SketchtheIntegratorcircuitandexplaintheworkingprinciple
indetail.(8)
5. (i)DesignanOPAMPbasedfirstorderactivelowpassfilter.(8)
BTL6
(ii)Withtheneatcircuitdiagramandmathematicalexpressions,
BTL3
explaintheoperationofScalechanger.(8)
8. Derive the expression for log computation using opamp and
BTL5
explainnecessarycircuitdiagram.
9. i)WithneatdiagramexplaintheoperationofSchmitttrigger.(8)
BTL2
ii)Design a wide band filter having FL=400Hz, FH=2kHz and pass
bandgainof4.FindthevalueofQoffilter(8)
10. (i)Concludethathowantilogcomputationsareperformedusing
BTL5
IC741explainusingcircuitsandnecessaryequations.(8)
(ii)InvestigatetheoperationofInvertingadderandNoninverting
BTL4
adder With the neat circuit diagram and mathematical
expressions.(8)
2.
Analyze
Analyze
Remember
Remember
Apply
Apply
Create
Create
Remember
Remember
Apply
Evaluate
Understand
Evaluate
Analyze
UNITIIIANALOGMULTIPLIERANDPLL
AnalogMultiplierusingEmitterCoupledTransistorPair GilbertMultipliercell Variabletransconductance
technique,analogmultiplierICsandtheirapplications,OperationofthebasicPLL,Closedloopanalysis,
K.KAMALA, AP(Sr.G)
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)
Voltagecontrolledoscillator,MonolithicPLLIC565,applicationofPLLforAMdetection,FMdetection,FSK
modulationanddemodulationandFrequencysynthesizing.
PARTA
Q.N
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Questions
BTLevel
Competence
ListthebasicbuildingblocksofPLL.
Definelockinrange&capturerangeofaPLL.
WhatisPullintime?
Forperfectlock,whatshouldbethephaserelationbetweenthe
incomingsignalandVCOoutputsignal?
Nametheclassificationofphasedetector.Writeaboutswitchtype
phasedetector.
Illustratetheproblemsassociatedwithswitchtypephasedetector
BTL1
BTL1
BTL1
BTL4
Remember
Remember
Remember
Analyze
BTL2
Understand
BTL2
Understand
WhyVCOisalsocalledasVtoFconverter?
OnwhatparametersdoesthefreerunningfrequencyofVCOdepend
on?
GivetheexpressionfortheVCOfreerunningfrequency.
DemonstrateVoltagetoFrequencyconversionfactor.
IdentifythepurposeofhavingalowpassfilterinPLL.
Discusstheeffectofhavinglargecapturerange.
EvaluatesometypicalapplicationsofPLL
HowwouldyouexplaincompanderIC?Givesomeexamples.
Identifythemeritsofcompanding
TelltheapplicationsofOTA.
Estimatefourquadrantmultiplier.
Whatisthenecessityofmodulation?
DrawthecircuitofAMdetectorusingPLL.
Comparetheadvantages&disadvantagesofmonolithicPLLsover
DiscretePLLs?
BTL1
BTL3
Remember
Apply
BTL2
BTL2
BTL3
BTL6
BTL5
BTL1
BTL3
BTL1
BTL5
BTL6
BTL4
BTL4
Understand
Understand
Apply
Create
Evaluate
Remember
Apply
Remember
Evaluate
Create
Analyze
Analyze
BTL1
Remember
BTL2
Understand
BTL4
BTL3
AnalyzeApply
BTL6
Create
PARTB
1.
2.
3.
4.
HowwouldyoudescribetheblockdiagramofPLLandderivethe
expressionforLockrangeandcapturerange.(16)
IllustratetheoperationofVCOwithneatblockdiagram.Alsoderivean
expressionforf0.(16)
(i)AnalyzetheGilbertsfourquadrantmultipliercellwithaneatcircuit
diagram.(8)
(ii)Identifyhowafrequencydoublercanberealizedusingthiscell.(8)
DiscussanythreeapplicationsofPLLindetail.(16)
K.KAMALA, AP(Sr.G)
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)
5.
Explainthepurposeandfunctioningof
(i)Variabletransconductancemultiplier(8)
(ii)Frequencysynthesizer(8)
BTL2
Understand
BTL3
Apply
BTL1
Remember
BTL1
Remember
BTL5
Evaluate
BTL2
BTL4
Understand
Analyze
UNITIVANALOGTODIGITALANDDIGITALTOANALOGCONVERTERS
AnalogandDigitalDataConversions,D/Aconverter specifications weightedresistortype,R2RLadder
type,VoltageModeandCurrentModeR2RLaddertypesswitchesforD/Aconverters,highspeed
sampleandholdcircuits,A/DConvertersspecificationsFlashtypeSuccessiveApproximationtypeSingle
SlopetypeDualSlopetypeA/DConverterusingVoltagetoTimeConversionOversamplingA/D
Converters
PARTA
Q.
No
1.
2.
3.
Questions
BTLevel
Competence
BTL2
BTL4
BTL1
Understand
Analyze
Remember
4.
HowwouldyouclassifyADCs.
ListthedirecttypeADCs.
Whatisthefunctionofintegratingtypeconverter?Listoutsome
integratingtypeconverters.
BrieftheprincipleofoperationofsuccessiveApproximationADC.
BTL2
Understand
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
WhatarethemainadvantagesofintegratingtypeADCs?
WherearethesuccessiveapproximationtypeADCsused?
ComparetheadvantagesanddrawbacksofadualslopADC.
Distinguishbetweenconversiontimeandsettlingtime.
Estimateyouropinionofresolutionofadataconverter.
Defineaccuracyofconverter.
BriefaboutmonotonicDAC?
Summarizedeltamodulation.
HowwouldyoujustifywhichtypeofADCisthefastest?
Spelltheprincipleofoperationofvoltagetotimeconversion?
BTL1
BTL1
BTL2
BTL4
BTL5
BTL1
BTL1
BTL2
BTL5
BTL1
Remember
Remember
Understand
Analyze
Evaluate
Remember
Remember
Understand
Evaluate
Remember
K.KAMALA, AP(Sr.G)
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)
15. CalculatethevaluesofLSBandMSBforan8bitDACfor0Vto10V
range.
16. Constructgranularerrorandslopeoverloaderror.
17. Solvean8bitDAChasanoutputvoltagerangeof02.55V.Calculate
itsresolution.
18. Inventthenumberofcomparatorsrequiredforrealizinga4bitflash
ADC.
19. CompareandcontrastbinaryladderandR2RladderDAC.
20. ModelSampleandholdcircuit,Whyisitneeded?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PARTB
Withneatinternaldiagram,explainthefollowing
(i)DualslopeADC(8)
ii)SuccessiveApproximationADC.(8)
a)EstimatetheworkingofR2RladdertypeDAC.(8)
b)ComparebinaryweightedDACwithR2RladdernetworkDAC.(8)
WithcircuitschematicexplainanalogswitchesusingFET.(16)
(i)WhatarethedifferentsourcesoferrorinDAC(8)
(ii)AnalysethetypesoferrorsinDAC(8)
ShowtheworkingprincipleofDMandADM.(16)
DiscussindetailaboutthefollowingDigitaltoAnalogconversion
techniques.
i)R2RladdertypeDAC(8)
ii)WeightedresistorDAC(8)
.
(i)Drawthediagramofsampleandholdcircuit. (8)
(ii)Statehowyouwillreduceitsholdmodedroop.(8)
Designa4bitbinaryweightedresistorDACforthefollowing
specifications:UseLM741opamp,R=10k,Vref=2.5Vandfullscale
output=5V.(16)
AdualslopeADChasafullscaleinputof2Volts.Itusesanintegrating
timeof10msandintegratingcapacitorof0.1f.themaximum
magnitudeoftheintegratoroutputshouldnotexceed3V.Calculate
thevalueoftheintegratingresistor.(16)
10. i)Explaintheworkingofavoltagetotimeconverterandvoltageto
frequencyconverter.(8)
ii)ConstructtheworkingofdualslopeADC(8)
BTL6
Create
BTL3
BTL3
Apply
Apply
BTL6
Create
BTL4
BTL3
Analyze
Apply
BTL2
Understand
BTL5
BTL4
BTL1
Evaluate
Analyze
Remember
BTL4
Analyze
BTL1
BTL2
Remember
Understand
BTL1
BTL1
Remember
Remember
BTL6
Create
BTL3
Apply
BTL5
BTL3
Evaluate
Apply
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)
1.
BTL 2
Understand
2.
3.
BTL 4
BTL 1
Analyze
Remember
4.
BTL 2
Understand
5.
BTL 1
Remember
6.
BTL 1
Remember
7.
8.
BTL 2
BTL 4
Understand
Analyze
9.
10.
BTL 5
BTL 1
Evaluate
Remember
11.
12.
13.
BTL 1
BTL 2
BTL 5
Remember
Understand
Evaluate
14.
BTL 1
Remember
15.
BTL 6
Create
BTL 3
BTL 3
Apply
Apply
BTL 6
Create
19.
BTL 4
Analyze
20.
BTL 3
Apply
BTL 2
Understand
BTL 2
Understand
BTL 1
Remember
16.
17.
18.
PART B
1.
2.
3.
(6)
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)
4.
5.
BTL 4
Analyze
BTL 1
Remember
BTL 6
Create
BTL 1
Remember
BTL 5
Evaluate
BTL 3
Apply
BTL3
Apply
BTL 4
Analyze
10. (i) What is the basic principle of function generator? Draw the
schematic of ICL 8038 function generator and discuss its
features.(10)
(ii)Find the expression for the frequency of a triangular waveform
generator and explain the circuit.(6)
K.KAMALA, AP(Sr.G)
S.SUBBULAKSHMI, AP(Sr.G)
M.SELVARAJ, AP(O.G)