DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ARYA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

SP-40, RIICO INDUSTRIAL AREA, JAIPUR (RAJASTHAN) 302022

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report on A Smart Prepaid Energy Metering
System to Control Electricity Theft is submitted by Himanshu Didvaniya in
partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical
Engineering has been found satisfactory and is approved for submission.

Mr.Deepak Bharti

Ms.Alka Jha

(PTS GUIDE)
Assistant Professor
Dept. Of Electrical Engineering

(PTS INCHARGE)
Assistant Professor
Dept. Of Electrical Engineering

Mr. Deepak Sharma

(Head of department)
Associate Professor
Dept. Of Electrical Engineering

AIET/DOEE/2015-16/PTS/ I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our deep sense to our Technical Seminar Guide Mr.Deepak Bharti for guiding
me from the inception till the completion of the seminar. We sincerely acknowledge him for giving
his valuable guidance, support for literature survey, critical reviews and comments for our seminar.
We would like to first of all express our thanks to Dr. Arvind Agarwal, chairman of Arya Main
Campus, for providing us such a great infrastructure and environment for our overall development.
We express sincere thanks to Prof. R.C Bansal the Principal of AIET, for his kind cooperation
and extendible support towards the completion of our seminar.
Words are inadequate in offering our thanks to Mr.Deepak Sharma, H.O.D of EE Department,
for consistent encouragement and support for shaping our seminar in the presentable form.
We express our thanks to Ms. Alka Jha for their support throughout my work and improve my
presentation skills.
We also like to express our thanks to all supporting EE faculty members who have been a constant
source of encouragement for successful completion of the technical seminar.
Also our warm thanks to Arya Institute of Engineering & Technology, who provided us this
opportunity to carryout, this prestigious seminar and enhance our learning in various technical
fields.
Himanshu Didvaniya
12EAIEE724

AIET/DOEE/2015-16/PTS/ II

ABSTRACT
Power utilities in different countries especially in the developing ones are incurring huge losses
due to electricity theft. This paper proposes a prepaid energy metering system to control electricity
theft. In this system a smart energy meter is installed in every consumer unit and a server is
maintained at the service provider side. Both the meter and the server are equipped with GSM
module which facilitates bidirectional communication between the two ends using the existing
GSM infrastructure. Consumers can easily recharge their energy meter by sending a PIN number
hidden in a scratch card to the server using SMS. This paper presents some measures to control
meter bypassing and tampering. The bidirectional GSM communication using SMS ensures the
effectiveness of these measures. Pilferage of electricity can be substantially reduced by
incorporating the proposed measures along with the prepaid metering scheme. Legal actions
against dishonest consumers can also be taken in this system.

AIET/DOEE/2015-16/PTS/ III

FIGURE LIST

FIGURE NO.

FIGURE NAME

PAGE NO.

FIG.1.1

A BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PREPAID ENERGY

METER

02

FIG.5.1

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8051

08

FIG.5.2

PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051

09

FIG.5.3

VARIOUS TYPES OF DIODE

12

FIG.5.4

V-I CHARACTERISTIC OF P-N DIODE

13

FIG.5.5

SYMBOL OF ZENER DIODE

14

FIG.5.6

DIELECTRIC MEDIUM

15

FIG.5.7

ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS

16

FIG.5.8

SYMBOL OF FIXED RESISTOR

17

FIG.5.9

SYMBOL OF VARIABLE RESISTOR

17

FIG.5.10

V-I CHARACTERISTIC

18

FIG.5.11

FIXED RESISTORS

18

FIG.5.12

VARIABLE RESISTOR

19

FIG.5.13

COLOR CODE OF RESISTOR

20

FIG.5.14

LED`S

21

FIG.5.15

INNER WORKING OF LED

22

FIG.5.16

V-I DIAGRRAM FOR A DIODE AN LED

22

FIG.5.17

ELECTROMECHANICAL METER

24

FIG.5.18

PIN DIAGRAM OF 555 TIMER

26

FIG.5.19

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 555 TIMER

27

FIG.5.20

A GENERAL PURPOSE LCD

28

FIG.5.21

LCD DISPLAY

28

FIG.5.22

SYMBOL OF BUZZER

29

FIG.5.23

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF OPTOCOUPLER

30

AIET/DOEE/2015-16/PTS/ IV

FIG.5.24

CIRCUIT WITH AN OPTO-ISOLATOR

31

FIG.5.25

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

32

AIET/DOEE/2015-16/PTS/ V

CONTENT

DEPARTMENT CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

II

ABSTRACT

III

FIGURE LIST

IV

CHAPTER 1
1.1

CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION

01-02

OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

01

1.1.1 WHAT IS MEANT BY ENERGY METER?

02

1.1.2 WHAT IS MEANT BY PREPAID ENERGY METER?

02

PROPOSAL

03

2.1

PROPOSED WORK

03

2.2

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

03

2.3

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

03

2.3.1 COMPONENTS USSED

CHAPTER 3

03

LITERATURE REVIEW

04

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

04

CHAPTER 4

BLOCK DIAGRAM

05

CHAPTER 5

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

3.1

5.1

06-34

INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS
5.1.1 FEATURES OF MICROCONTROLLERS

06
06

5.1.2 TYPES OF MICROCONTROLLERS

06-07

5.1.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLERS

08

AIET/DOEE/2015-16/PTS/ VI

5.1.4 PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051

09

5.1.5 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

10

5.2

LCD DISPLAY

11

5.2.1 PIN DESCRIPTION

11

5.3

DIODE

12

5.3.1 SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES

13

5.3.2 CURRENT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTIC

13

5.3.3 ZENER DIODE

14

5.4

CAPACITOR

14-16

5.5

RESISTOR

16-18

5.5.1 TYPES OF RESISTORS

5.6

18-20

LED

21

5.6.1 LED TECHNOLOGY

21-22

5.7

DIGITAL ENERGY METER

23-25

5.8

IC 555

25-27

5.9

LCD

28

5.10

BUZZER

29

5.11

OPTO-COUPLER

5.12

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

32

5.13

RELAY

33

30-31

5.13.1BASIC DESIGN & OPERATION

5.14

CHAPTER 6

33

POWER SUPPLY

34

SYSTEM DESIGN

35-36

6.1

WORKING PRINCIPLE

6.2

ADVANTAGES OF PREPAID ENERGY METERS

6.3

DISADVANTAGES

6.4

CHAPTER 7

APPLICATIONS

MARKET STUDY

7.1

MARKET DRIVERS

7.2

MARKET RESTRAINTS

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

35
35-36
36
36

37-38
37
37-38

39
AIET/DOEE/2015-16/PTS/ VII

CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES

RESULT

40

41

AIET/DOEE/2015-16/PTS/ VIII