FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY RAWALPINDI CAMPUS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS (LAB)
LAB REPORT # 1
BASICS OF MICROPROCESSOR

NAME: SHAH ZEB

REG # 067
SECTION: BSEE-4B
DATE: 24-02-2016
SUBMITTED TO: Eng. Imtiaz Alam

EXPERIMENT#1: INTRODUCTION OF MICROPROCESSOR

LAB AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
OBJECTIVE:
To learn about the basics of microcontroller and assembly language of
microcontroller.

MICROPROCESSOR
It is a computer processor that has all the functions of a computer on a single
integrated circuit.
It is a multipurpose and programmable device which accepts the data as input
and processes it according to the instruction stored in the memory and gives the output.

MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontroller is a computeronachip which is used to control electronic
devices. It is designed specifically for specific. It is basically a specialized form of
microprocessor that is designed to be selfsufficient and costeffective. Also, a
microcontroller is part of an embedded system, which is essentially the whole circuit
board.

SYSTEM BUS
A system is a computer bus which combines the components of a computer to
send the address from one part of the computer to the other. There are three different
type of buses:
1. Control Bus
The control bus is used to communicate with the other parts of the computer.
2. Address Bus
It carries the information within the computer.
3. Data Bus
It carries the Data which is being processed.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that
carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic,
logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Random-access memory is a form of computer data storage. A random-access
memory device allows data items to be written in almost the same amount of time
irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory.

REGISTERS
A register is one of small data holding places. It may hold the computer
instructions, addresses or any kind of data.
1. TYPES OF REGISTERS
There are 4 types of registers:
AX Accumulator Register which are used for operands
BX Base Registers
CX Counter Registers which are used for counting or for loops
DX Data Registers which are used for data storing
These registers are of 16-bit which further divide to 8-bit.
2. SEGMENT REGISTERS
There are four segment registers:
CS code segment which points the segment containing current program
DS data segment which points the segment where variables are defined
ES extra segment which holds extra data.
SS stack segment which points the address of the data
3. SPECIAL PURPOSE REGISTERS
IP Instruction Pointer
Flags Register It determines the current state of the processor

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
An assembly language is a low-level programming language for a computer, or other
programmable device in which there is a very strong correspondence between the
language and the architecture's machine code instructions.