MT100.

22 ASSIGNMENT ONESOLUTIONS
n
o
x
1.1.24 Describe the set x : x+1
< 0 as an interval.
x
is
Solution. The problem asks us to describe the set of x such that the quotient x+1
negative. A quotient may be negative only when the numerator and denominator have
different signs.
We must consider, therefore, the two separate situations
(1)

x<0

and

x+1 >0

x>0

and

x+1 <0

and
(2)

The right condition in situation (1) says 1 < x. Combining this with left condtion, we get
that 1 < x < 0 must be the case.
Looking at the right condition in situation (2), we see that x < 1 must be true. Of
course, the left condition says that x > 0. Since there are no real numbers which are
simultaneously smaller than 1 and
n larger than
o 0, this situation is impossible.
x
We conclude then that the set x : x+1 < 0 is described by x : 1 < x < 0, which is in
turn the interval (1, 0).
1.2.10 Find the equation of the line with slope 2 and y-intercept 3.
Solution. Remembering that slope-intercept form of the line is y = mx + b where m is
the slope and b is the y-intercept, an equation for this line is
y = 2x + 3
1.2.24 A line of slope m = 2 passes through (1, 4). Find y such that (3, y) lies on the line.
Solution. Here are a couple of ways to proceed:
(1) Notice that the slope is defined as
y2 y 1
m=
x2 x 1
for any two points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) on the line. It follows that
y4
2=
31
Simplifying and solving for y gives that y = 8.
(2) Using point-slope form of a line, we get that this line has equation
y 4 = 2(x 1)

Plugging 3 in for x, we get that y = 8.

1.2.26 Assume that the number N of concert tickets which can be sold at a price of P dollars per
ticket is a linear function N (P ) for 10 P 40. Determine N (P ) (called the demand
function) if N (10) = 500 andN (40) = 0. What is the decrease N in the number of tickets
sold if the price is increased by P = 5 dollars?
Solution. Sentence number one tells us that the number of tickets is expressed in terms
of the price as
N (P ) = mP + b
1

Also, we know that the points (10, 500) and (40, 0) are on that line, and so
50
500 0
=
10 40
3

m=

Using the point (40, 0) and point-slope form of the line, we get that
N 0=

50
(P 40)
3

This is the demand function.

Now, as number of tickets sold and price are linearly related, the slope of the line m is
equal to N
P . So, when P = 5, we get that
50
250
(5) =
= 83.3
3
3
So, when the price is increased by $5, we can expect 83 and one-third fewer tickets to be
demanded.
N = mP =

1.2.40 Complete the square and find the minimum or maximum value of the quadratic function
y = 3x2 + 12x 5.
Solution. Begin by factoring out the 3 to get y = 3(x 2 +4x)5. Now, divide the 4 by two
and square. Add and subtract that value inside the parentheses: y = 3(x 2 + 4x + 4 4) 5
Now rewrite this as y = 3(x2 + 4x + 4) 12 5. Simplify this to get y = 3(x + 2) 2 17.
This equation tells us that the parabola opens upward (since the coefficient 3 is a positive
number), and therefore the vertex is a minimum. This equation also tells us that the vertex
is (2, 17). Therfore, the minimum value is 17.
1.2.50 Find the numbers x and y with sum 10 and product 24. Hint: Find a quadratic polynomial
satisfied by x.
Solution. We need to find x and y satisfying
x + y = 10
xy = 24
Solving the second of these equation for y and substituting into the first one, we obtain
24
= 10.
x
As x must not be zero (we know this because the product of x and y is not zero), we can
multiply through to get the equation
x+

x2 + 24 = 10x

which is equivalent to

x2 10x + 24 = 0

You can factor, or use the quadratic formula to get

10 100 96
x=
= 6, 4
2
When x = 6, y = 4, and when x = 4, y = 6. In either case, the two numbers are 4 and 6.
1.3.26 Show that f (x) = x2 + 3x1 and g(x) = 3x3 9x + x2 are rational functions (show that
each is a quotient of polynomials).
Solution. Notice that f (x) = x2 + x3 . The common denominator here is x, so
f (x) =

3
x3 + 3
x3
+ =
x
x
x
2

A similar thing may be done with g; in this case the common denominator is x 2 :
1
g(x) = 3x3 9x + 2
x
3x5 9x3
1
= 2 2 + 2
x
x
x
3x5 9x3 + 1
=
x2
1.3.36 Find all values of c such that the domain of
x+1
f (x) = 2
x + 2cx + 4
is R.
Solution. Every real number is in the domain of f if c is a number such that the denominator has no real roots. The roots of the denominator are given by

2c 4c2 16
x=
2
There are no real values for these roots when 4c 2 16 < 0. This implies that c2 < 4 and
therefore, the domain of f is all real numbers if 2 < c < 2.
1.4.12 Find all the angles between 0 and 2 satisfying csc() = 2.
1
, we must find all of the angles between 0 and 2
Solution. Recalling that csc() = sin()
1
such that sin() = 2 . This occurs for angles in the first and second quadrant. The angles

5
whose sine is 21 are 6 and 5
6 . Thus the angles whose cosecant is 2 are 6 and 6 .
p
1.4.24 Find sin(2) and cos(2) if tan() = (2).

sin()
Solution. Remember that tan() = cos()
. If tan() = 2, then we have sin() =

2 cos(). Using the Pythagorean identity for sine and cosine and substituting, we have
1 = sin2 () + cos2 () = 2 cos2 () + cos2 () = 3 cos 2 ()

It follows that cos() = 13 and sin() = 23 .

To compute sin(2) and cos(2), use the double angle formulas:

2 1
2 2
sin(2) = 2 sin() cos() = 2 =
3
3 3
1
1 2
cos(2) = cos2 () sin2 () = =
3 3
3
1.4.44 Show that
sin( + ) = sin()
Solution. Use the sum of angles formula for sine to see that
sin( + ) = sin() cos() + cos() sin() = sin()

since cos() = 1 and sin() = 0.