Risk Assessment of Shoe Manufacturing Process

Article A: Cheetah 50; B: Duke 05

LSF Production (Ladies deptt.) Service Industries Ltd. Gujrat

Risk Assessment:
Characterizing the nature and magnitude of health risks to humans (e.g., residents, workers,
recreational visitors) and ecological receptors (e.g., birds, fish, wildlife) from chemical
contaminants and other stressors that may be present in the environment is said to be the risk
assessment. Risk assessment is, to the highest extent possible, a scientific process and to
understand it properly, one must first be cleared that what is risk?
According to EPA, the chance of harmful effects to human health or to ecological systems
resulting from exposure to an environmental stressor is risk and here a stressor may be any
physical, chemical, or biological entity that can induce an adverse response.

Risk Assessment Process:

Hazard
Identification

What health problems are caused by the pollutant?

To identify the types of adverse health effects that can be caused by exposure to
some agent in question, and to characterize the quality and weight of evidence
supporting this identification.

What are the health problems at different exposures?

Dose Response To document the relationship between dose and toxic effect.
Assessment

Exposure
Assessment

Risk
Characterization

How much of the pollutant are people exposed to during a specific time period? how
many people are exposed?
To calculate a numerical estimate of exposure or dose

What is the extra risk of health problems in the exposed population?

To summarize and integrate information from the proceeding steps of the risk
assessment to synthesize an overall conclusion about risk.

Hazard Identification
Scope:
Identifying workers health risk within LSF ladies production line A & B

Integration of available information:

Operation
1. Stitching

2. Upper fitting or lining

lamination
3. Toe puff and counter
stiffener attachment.
4. Finishing

Process
Tongue edge stitching
Collar lining stitching
Top collar stitching
Eyelet stitching
Counter stitching
All round stitching
Natural rubber latex
adhesives.

Type of Hazard
Machine needle
Noise pollution
Insufficient light

Cleaners

Light petroleum spirit, ethanol,

Contains ammonia in low

conc.

and isopropyl alcohol.

Dose-response Assessment

Exposure characterization:
All workers working in production line
could be affected.
Workers on machines, cleaners,
adhesives and noise pollution.

Response characterization:
Hand cutting, hearing loss, longsightedness, skin & respiratory
problems

45

Exposure Assessment

Exposure profile:

Response Profile:

Total workers: Around 200

Gender: Female

Hand injury due to eyelet

punching machine:

Exposure time period: 8 hours

Workers on tongue edge,
collar lining, top collar, eyelet,
counter and all round
stitching, eyelet punching.
Upper fitting or lining
lamination
Toe puff and counter stiffener
attachment.
Finishing

1. Samra

Skin problem due to

adhesives & cleaners:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Gulshan
Shaista
Nighat
Nargis
Musarrat

Risk Characterization

PROBABILITY

HIGH

medium

high

very high

MEDIUM

low

medium

High

LOW

low

low

Medium

LOW

MEDIUM

HIGH

HAZARD

46

Risk Management
Risk Register:
Unit
Activity
area
Producti 1.Stitching:
on line
Tongu
A&B
e edge
stitchin
g
Collar
lining
stitchin
g
Top
collar
stitchin
g
Eyelet
stitchin
g
Counte
r
stitchin
g
All
round
stitchin
g
2. Upper
fitting/ lining
lamination.
3. Toe puff &
counter
stiffener
attachment
4.Finishing
(Cleaning)

Hazard

Exposure

Risk

Management

Hand
injury
(M)

Making
Foreman or
Intensive care article in charge
mandatory

Hearin
g loss
(H)

Sound
Absorbers,
Ear plugs

Unit engineer,
Unit area head

Long
sighte
dness
(M)

Sufficient light
(energy
savers)

Compliances
deptt.

Natural
rubber
latex
adhesive
s. (L)

Skin
proble
m
(L)

not required

Light

Skin &
respira
tory
proble
ms
(M)

Gloves & Face Compliances

mask
deptt.

Stitching
machine
s
(Mechani
cal
hazard)
(L)

Noise
(Physical
hazard)
(H)

Insufficie
nt light
(Physical
hazard)
(L)

petroleu
m spirit,
ethanol,

Responsibility

and
isopropyl
alcohol.
(chemica

47

l hazard)

5.Stair case

(H)
Flammab
le
(Chemic
al
hazard)
(H)
Accident

Fire
(H)

Proper
placement
& usage

Unit area head

Casua
lity in
emerg
ency
(M)

Railing

Casua
lity in
emerg
ency
(L)
Incide
ntal
severit
y
(M)

Correctness of Compliances
directions
deptt.

(Mechani
cal
Hazard)

Compliances
deptt.

H
6.Exit pathway

7.Fire
extinguishers

wrong
type
(Chemic
al

Replacement
with the
required ones

Compliances
deptt.

hazard)
H

48

OBSERVATIONS UNDER FACTORIES ACT 1934

(Walk through survey)
Observation date & time: 17.09.2012 at 3:00 pm
Observations
Poor housekeeping
Dirt & refuse accumulation
No hand wash/ soap
Latrines & urinals arent maintained in
a clean & sanitary condition.
Damaged fitting.
(Sweepers mentioned that they are not being
provided with the required cleaning tools
including detergents, disinfectant etc.)
hygiene cards are not maintained.

No vaccination & inoculation.

Ineffective enclosure & poor practice in

chemical use.
Incomplete first aid box

Precautions in case of fire:

No ladders in case of escape other
than provided emergency exit.
Insufficient fire alarm
No spittoons

Poorly maintained filter is in use for the

drinking water which isnt required.
Water cooler is damaged and cause leakage.

Requirements
Proper cleanliness as mentioned in Factories
act
Ref.
13-1-a;b
21-1-d

Each worker in a factory shall be provided with

a hygiene card in which during the month of
Jan. and July every year entries shall be
recorded after examination.
Ref. 23-1.
Each worker in a factory shall be vaccinated
and inoculated against such diseases and at
such intervals as may be prescribed.
Ref. 23-2.
Exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible
sources of ignition.
Ref. 33-L-1-c
First aid box shall contain all essential aid and
all time available to every worker.
Ref. Employee reference book
Sufficient means of escape
Sufficient and in reach fire alarms.
Ref.
25-4
25-5
In every factory there shall be provided, at
convenient places, a sufficient number of
spittoons which shall be maintained in a clean
and hygienic condition.
Ref. 22-1
In every factory effective arrangements shall
be made to provide and maintain at suitable
points conveniently situated for all workers
employed therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water.
Ref.20-1

Inefficient use of electricity

49