Diferenciacin magmtica

Cristalizacin en equilibrio y
fraccionada

Composicin inicial vs. Composicin

final
Li

Lf

Si

Sf

Fraccionamiento gravitacional

Fraccionamiento de slidos, lquido y

burbujas

Ley de Stokes
2gr ( s l )
V=
9
2

V = velocidad de decantacin (cm/sec)

g = aceleracin de gravedad (980 cm/sec2)
r = radio de una partcula slida esfrica (cm)
s = densidad de la partcula slida esfrica
(g/cm3)
l = densidad del lquido (g/cm3)
= viscosidad del lquido (Pa s)

Lquido basltico
Olivino (s = 3.3 g/cm3, r = 0.1 cm)
Lquido Basaltico (l = 2.65 g/cm3, =
1000 poise)
V = 29800.12 (3.3-2.65)/91000 =

0.0013 cm/seg; aprox. 5 cm/hora

Lquido rioltico
= 107 poise y l = 2.3 g/cm3
cristal de hornblenda (s = 3.2 g/cm3, r =
0.1 cm)
V = 2 x 10-7 cm/sec, o 6 cm/ao
feldspatos (l = 2.7 g/cm3), r = 0.1 cm)
V = 2 cm/ao = 200 m en los 104 aos
t que demora en solidificarse un stock
Un cristal de 0.5 cm de radio decanta a
0.65 metros/ao, o 6.5 km en los 104
aos de enfriamiento

Fraccionamiento Gravitacional de
Cristales

Adcumulada (0-7 %), mesocumulada (7-15%), ortocumulada (1525%)

Cross section looking

down dip.

Figure 12-11. After After

Hoover (1978) Carnegie Inst.
Wash., Yearb., 77, 732-739.

Fractionation density vs differentiation index (DI) for plagioclase, where DI = An/(An + Ab),
and for olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and pigeonite, where DI = Mg/(Mg + Fe2+).

Oxford University Press

SCOATES J S J. Petrology
2000;41:627-649

Langmuir
Model

Fraccionamiento convectivo

Thermal gradient
at wall and cap
variation in %
crystallized
Compositional
convection
evolved magmas
from boundary
layer to cap (or
mix into interior)

Figure 11-12 Formation of boundary

layers along the walls and top of a
magma chamber. From Winter
(2001) An Introduction to Igneous
and Metamorphic Petrology.
Prentice Hall

Cristales y antecristales

COEFICIENTE DE EXPANSIN
TERMAL: Cambio proporcional de
volumen por cada C, a P = cte.
3.0 x 10-5 C-1

Simulacin numrica tiempodependiente

Numerical simulation
Heat transfer into the country rocks
No se puede mostrar la imagen en este momento.

r Cp r

Tr
= k r (z,Tr ) 2Tr
t

rr is the density; Cpr is the heat capacity; Tr is the

temperature; and kr is the thermal conductivity of the
rock
Magma fluid dynamics

u
+ (u ) u = (u + u ' ) p g

No se puede mostrar la imagen en este momento.

where g is the gravity acceleration vector; u is the magma

velocity; p is the pressure; and is the dynamic viscosity

Exsolucin de fases y
composicin de lquidos y
magmas
j

No se puede mostrar la imagen en este momento.

+ u j j = Q j
+ u j T
t

the volume fraction of the exsolved phases (phi j)

are explicit functions of temperature onlywhere uj
is the exsolved phase movement velocity, and Qj is
the phase exsolution rate

Gutirrez & Parada 2010. Journal of Petrology, 51, 731-762

Composicin
de magma y
flujo
magmtico

Porcentaje de fases a los 10 ky

Temperaturas con el tiempo

A los 10 mil aos

Mezcla de magmas

Enclaves magmticos vs. xenolitos

Enlaves magmticos

Rol de la reologa

Role of rheology I

Role of rheology I

Role of rheology II

Role of rheology II

Role of rheology III

Role of rheology III

Rol de reologa

Role of rheology IV

Pluton as crystal
mush

Automezcla convectiva

Calentamiento

Co-existencia de Plg