Solution

Time Period,

T=

2
=0.016 s=16 ms

Frequency

1
f = =63.66 Hz
T

Solution
0

1=30 , 2=90

12=300900=1200
0

v 1 ( t ) lags v 2 ( t ) by 120

Solution
Converting v(t) into sine function

v ( t )=10 sin ( 377 t+30 0+ 900 )=10 sin ( 377 t +1200 ) V

Now

i=200 , v =1200
i v =200120 0=1400
Therefore i(t) lags v(t) by 1400 or v(t) leads i(t) by 1400.

Solution
Converting

i 1 (t) into sine function

i 1 ( t )=0.05 sin ( 377 t200 +90 0 )=0.05 sin ( 377 t+ 700 ) A

v 1=25 0 ,i 1=700
0

v 1 i1=25 70 =45

v 1 ( t ) leads i 1 ( t ) by 45 0
Converting

i 2 (t) into positive sine function

i 2 ( t )=0.1 sin ( 377 t+ 450180 0 )=0.1 sin ( 377 t1350 ) A

0

v 1=25 ,i 2=135 , v 1i 2=25 +135 =160

v 1 ( t ) leads i 2 ( t ) by 1600

Solution
a) Converting

v1 ( t )

into sine function

v 1 ( t ) =10 sin ( 377t30 0+ 900 ) =10 sin ( 377t +600 ) V V 1=7.07 60 0 V

Capacitive Reactance

XC=
I=

1
1
=
=2.65900 k
6
0
C 377 1 10 90

7.07 600
0
=2.67 150 mA
3
0
2.65 10 90
3

2.67 10
i ( t )=
sin ( 377 t +1500 ) =3.776 sin ( 377 t+1500 ) mA
0.707

b)

v 2 ( t ) =12sin ( 377 t +600 ) V V 2=8.484 60 0 V

I=

8.484 60
=3.20 1500 mA
3
0
2.65 10 90
3

i ( t )=

3.20 10
sin ( 377 t +1500 )=4.526 sin ( 377 t+150 0 ) mA
0.707

Solution

Z=

3 j4
0
=( 1.92+ j1.44 )=2.4 36.87
3+ j 4

Solution

Z L=2 fL 900 =2 60 10 103 90 0=3.77 900 = j 3.77

ZC =

1
1
0
0
90 =
=265.25890 = j 265.258
6
2 fC
2 60 10 10

Z = j 3.77+

(2 j 265.258 ) 1
=( 1+ j 3.766 )=3.897 75.130
( 2 j265.258 )+1

Solution

Y eq =

1
=0.221 j 7.99 103 S=0.222.10 S
( 5+ j 2 ) ( 8 j 10 )
( 4+ j1 ) +
( 5+ j2 )+ ( 8 j10 )

Solution

Z eq =

( 8 j 8 ) j 5
+ ( 4 j 2 ) j 10
( 8 j 8 )+ j 5

(
(
((

)
))

8 j 8 ) j 5
+ ( 4 j 2 + j 10
8 j 8 ) + j 5

+10=( 12.78+ j 4.21 )=13.4618.2

Solution

Z =2+

1 ( j 1 ) j 2 ( j 2 )
1 ( j 1 )
+
=2+
+=
1 j 1
j2 j 2
1 j 1

Solution

Z=

(
(

( ((
( ((
( ((
( ((

)
)
)
)

j 2 j 1 ) 2
2
j2 j1 ) +2

j2 j1 ) 2
2
j 2 j 1 ) +2
j 2 j 1 ) 2
+2
j2 j 1 ) +2

)
)

+ 1 j2

j2 j1 ) 2
+2
j 2 j 1 ) +2

+ 2=( 2.71+ j 0.82 )=2.828 16.90

+1 + j 2

Solution

1
1
2 400 10 106
Z=
+ j 2 400 10 103=( 1+ j 25.11 )
1
2 j
+1
2 400 10 106

(
(

2 j

Z =25.13 87.70

)
)

Solution

1
4 j
( j2 60 10 10
(
2 60 500 10 )
Z =2+
1
4 j
( 2 60 500 10 )+( j 2 60 10 10

)
=( 5.09+ j 4.96 )

Z =7.11 44.20

Solution

Z=

( 1+ j1 ) 2 ( 4+ j2 ) ( j2 j 1 )
+
+6+ j 4=( 6.96+ j 5.28 )=8.74 37.20
( 1+ j 1 )+ 2 ( 4+ j 2 )+ ( j 2 j 1 )

Solution

v ( t )=12 cos ( 1000 t+750 ) V =12sin ( 1000 t+ 1650 ) V V =8.484 1650 V

For the current to be in phase with the source voltage, then

V
=RX C =X L
I
XC=

1
10
=10=X L L=
=0.01 H=10 mH
6
1000
1000 100 10

The impedance of the circuit

Z =4+ j ( 1010 ) =4
The current
0

V 8.484 165
I= =
=2.121 1650 A i ( t )=3 sin ( 1000 t+1650 ) A
0
Z
40
OR

i ( t )=3 cos ( 1000 t +750 ) A

Solution
For Z to be purely resistive, i.e., Z = 1 and

X L= X C

X L=2 60 5 103=1.885=

1
C=1.4072 mF
2 60 C

The impedance of the circuit

Z =1+ j 2 60 5 103

1
=1
2 60 1.4072 103

Solution

The impedance of the circuit

Z=

( 15+ j 10 ) ( jX C )
15+ j ( 10X C )

=|Z T|T 8 00

18.0278 X C 56.3
0
Z=
=|ZT |T 8 0
2
2
1 10X C
15 + ( 10X C ) tan
15

For i(t) to be in phase with v(t), T should be zero.

T =0=56.30tan1

10 X C
10 X C
56.30=tan1
15
15
56.3 0tan 1

10X C
10 X C
1.4994=
15
15

22.4916=10X C X C =32.4916

C=

|ZT|T =

1
1
=
=123.109 F
X C 250 32.4916

( 15+ j10 ) ( j32.4916 )

+8|Z T|T =29.6667 00
15+ j (1032.4916 )

Now

v ( t )=60 cos ( 250 t+ 300 ) V =60 sin ( 250 t+120 0 ) V V =42.42 1200 V
Thus

I=

V 42.42 1200
=
=1.4299 1200 A i ( t ) =2.0225sin ( 250 t +1200 ) A
0
Z T 29.6667 0
i ( t )=2.0225 cos ( 250 t +300 ) A

Solution
The impedance of the circuit

Z=

( 6+ j 25.1327 ) ( jX C )
6+ j ( 25.1327X C )

=|Z T|T

25.839 X C 13.4
Z=
=|Z T|T
2
2
1 25.1327 X C
6 + ( 25.1327X C ) tan
6

For impedance to be purely real, T should be zero.

T =0=13.40tan 1

25.1327X C
25.1327 X C
13.4 0=tan1
6
6

tan (13.40 ) =

25.1327 X C
25.1327 X C
0.2382=
6
6

1.4294=25.1327X C X C =26.5321
C=

1
1
=
=15 F
X C 2 400 26.5321

Solution
For the circuit to be purely resistive,

L=

X L= X C

1
1
1
=
=
=447.2136 rad / s ( 71.2 Hz )
3
C
LC
5 10 1 103

Solution
Admittance,

Y =( 0.1+ j0.2 ) S

Impedance,

Z =Y =( 0.1+ j 0.2 ) =( 2 j 4 )=( R j X C )

R=2 ,C=

1
1
=
=2.5 mF
X C 100 4

Solution
At

1 =1000rad /s

Z =( 5+ j 4 )=( R+ j X L )
R=5 ,L=
At

XL
4
=
=4 mH
1 1000

2 =1300 rad /s

Z =( 5+ j ( 1300 4 103 ) )=( 5+ j5.2 )

Solution

v ( t )=50 cos ( 10 t+10 0 ) V =50 sin ( 10 t+1000 ) V V =35.35 1000 V

i ( t )=25 cos ( 10 t +410 ) A=25 sin ( 10t +1310 ) A I =17.6751310 A
Impedance

V 35.35100 0
Z= =
=2310=( 1.7143 j1.0301 ) =( R j X C )
I 17.6751310

The impedance of the box is predomaintly capacitive.

Solution

v ( t )=25 cos ( t ) V

|Z|=

|V | 25
= =12.5
|I| 2

Also
2

|Z| =R2 +

1
1
2
2
12.5 =10 + 2
2
C
0.0022
2

156.25=100+

250 10
156.25 2=100 2 +250 103
2

56.25 2=250 10 3 =66.667 rad /s

Solution

v ( t )=5 cos ( 500 t ) V =5 sin ( 500 t + 900 ) V V =3.535 900 V

i ( t )=0.4 cos ( 500 t300 ) A=0.4 sin ( 500t +600 ) A I =0.2828 600 A
Impedance of the Linear circuit

V 3.535 900
0
Z= =
=12.5 30 =( 10.8253+ j6.25 )=( R+ j X L )
0
I 0.2828 60
R=10.8253 ,L=

6.25
=12.5 mH
500

Now, when = 1000 rad/s

X L=12.5 103 1000=12.5

Z =( 10.8253+ j 12.5 )=16.5359 49.10
v ( t )=5 cos ( 1000 t ) V =5 sin ( 1000 t+ 900 ) V V =3.535 900 V
V
3.535 900
I= =
=0.2138 40.9 0 A
0
Z 16.5359 49.1
i ( t )=0.3024 sin ( 1000 t +40.90 ) A=0.3024 cos ( 1000 t49.10 ) A

Solution

i 1 ( t )=200 cos ( 105 t+ 600 ) mA I 1=200 600 mA

i 2 ( t )=100 sin ( 105 t+90 0 ) mA=100 cos ( 105 t ) mA I 2=100 00 mA
The total current

I =I 1 I 2=20060 0100 00=173.2051 900 mA i ( t )=173.2051 cos ( 105 t + 900 ) mA

v S ( t )=10 sin ( 105 t ) V =10 cos ( 105 t900 ) V V S =10900 V

ZC =

1
900=4090 0
9
5
250 10 10

V =30 i ( t ) =30 173.2051 900 mA=V =5.196290 0 V v ( t )=5.1962cos ( 105 t +90 0) V

V C =( V V S )

0
ZC
4090
=( 5.1962 90010900 )
=12.1571270 V
30+ Z C
30 j 40

I S=

V S 10900
=
=0.25 A i S ( t )=0.25 cos ( 105 t ) A
0
ZC 4090

The total current

0

I S + I =( 0.25+ j0.173 ) A=0.304034.7 A

V 0=0.3040 34.7

j 40
0
5
0
30=7.29652.2 V v 0 ( t ) =7.2965cos ( 10 t2.2 ) V
30 j 40

Solution

Using mesh analysis

][ ] [ ]

I 1 50 00
8+ j 20
5
0
5
25+ j 2
20
I 2 = 50 00
0
20 20 j 20 I 3
0

I 1 =1.8445 98.50 A , I 2=2.9104 38.70 A ,I 3=2.0579 83.7 0 A

V R =5 ( I 1I 2 ) =5 ( 1.8445 98.502.9104 38.7 0 )=12.72 179.90 V
v R ( t )=12.72cos ( 10 t +1800 ) V
V x = j10 I 3= j10 2.0579 83.70=20.5796.30 V
v x ( t )=20.579 cos ( 10 t6.30 ) V

Solution

Impedance

Z =5+

10 j 4
= ( 6.3973+ j 3.4483 )=7.2516 28.40
10+ j 4
0

V C=

100
7.2516 28.4

( j10 )
( 7 j 10 ) ( 6.3973+ j 3.4483 ) 7 j 10+7.2516 28.40
4 + j 5+
( 7 j10 ) + ( 6.3973+ j3.4483 )

V C =43.8405620 V v C ( t )=43.8405 cos ( 100 t620 ) V

OR
Using mesh analysis

][ ] [ ]

I1
11 j5 7+ j 10
0
100
=
7+ j10 12 j 6
j 4 I2
0
0
j4
10+ j 4 I 3
0

I 1 =( 8.0633 j 4.0112 ) A ,I 2=( 4.1938 j 6.0717 ) A

0
0
V C =( I 1I 2 ) (10 i )=43.840562 V v C ( t )=43.8405 cos ( 100 t62 ) V

Solution

Applying mesh analysis

][ ] [ ]

I1
7 j 3 3+ j 5
0
50
3+ j5
8
5 j 5 I 2 = 0
0
5 j5 11 j 5 I 3
0

I 1 =( 6.7582 j 0.2198 ) A ,I 2=( 2.9121 j2.4176 ) A

I 0 =( I 1I 2 ) =4.4298 29.70 A i 0 ( t )=4.4298 cos ( 100 t +29.7 0 ) A

Solution
All branches are connected in parallel to source
Applying voltage division rule

V 0=17.675 900

j 10
=19.7613 26.60 V
8 j 4

v 0 ( t )=27.9509 cos ( 2 t63.40 ) V

0

17.675 90
I0 =
=2.7604 51.30 A
5+ j 4
i 0 ( t )=3.9044 cos ( 2t 38.7 0 ) A

Solution

i 1 ( t )=7 cos ( 100 t ) A=7 sin ( 100 t +90 0 ) A I 1=4.94990 0 A

i 2 ( t )=3 cos ( 100 t+ 450 ) A=3 sin ( 100t +1350 ) A I 2 =2.1211350 A
Total current
0

I =I 1 I 2=4.949 90 2.121135 =3.761266.5 A

Admittance

Y=

1 1 1
+ + =0.360633.7 0 S
10 j5 5

Impedance

Z =Y 1=2.7735 33.70

Applying current division rule

V 2=I

Z (
2.7735 33.70 (
j 10 )=3.7612 66.50
j10 )=11.8945 84.90 V
0
Z j 10
2.7735 33.7 j10

v 2 ( t ) =16.8239cos ( 100 t5.10 ) V

Solution

Impedance

Z 1=2+

( 5+ j5 ) ( 3 j1 )
=( 4.5+ j 0 )
5+ j5+ 3 j1
Z 2= ( 6+ j 6 )
Z=

( 4.5+ j 0 ) ( 6+ j 6 )
0
=3.1574 15.3
4.5+6+ j 6

Applying voltage division rule

V 0=35.35 900

4
=19.930796.70 V
0
3.1574 15.3 +4

v 0 ( t )=28.2496 sin ( 5 t96.70 ) V =28.2496 cos ( 5 t+173.30 ) V

Solution

Impedance

(
(

2+

Z 1=

2+

1
j2
1
1 1
+ +
j4 j8 5
1
1
1 1
+ +
j 4 j8 5

)
)

=( 0.7135+ j2.0315 ) =2.153270.6 0

+ j2

Applying voltage division rule

V X =35.35 600

2.1532 70.6
=22.6934 166.6 0 V
0
2.1532 70.6 + ( 2 j 4 )

v x ( t )=32.0982 sin ( 10t +166.60 ) V =32.0982cos ( 10 t +76.60 ) V

Solution

This is a parallel circuit

I1 =

35.35 900
=17.675 00 A i 1 ( t ) =25 cos ( 10 t900 ) A
j2

35.35 90 0
I2 =
=6.2491 450 A i 2 ( t ) =8.8388 cos ( 10 t450 ) A
j 4 ( 4 j 4 )
j 4+ 4 j 4
Applying voltage division rule
0

V X =35.35 90

j4
0
0
=24.9962 45 V v x ( t ) =35.3553cos ( 10 t45 ) V
4 j 4

Solution

This is a parallel circuit

35.35 900
I1 =
=17.675 1800 A i1 ( t ) =25 cos ( 10 t + 900 ) A
j2
From above diagram

V X =35.35 900

5
=25 450 V
5+ j 5

Now

35.35 900( 0.75 25 450 )

I2 =
=4.554614.03 0 A i 2 ( t )=6.4422 cos ( 10 t104.030 ) A
4 j 4

Solution
Converting the diagram in Figure P8.36 into frequency domain circuit

Total current
0

I=

70.7 90 28.28 60
=2.9193 820 A
10+ j 4 j5+ j8+ 5

V X =70.7 900 (10+ j 4 ) I 5 I =26.2868 780 V

v X ( t )=37.1808 cos ( 40 t120 ) V
OR
0

V X ( j5 I )28.28 60 ( j 8 I )=0
V X =( j 5 I ) +28.28 600 + ( j8 I )=26.285 780 V
v X ( t )=37.1808 cos ( 40 t120 ) V

Solution

From above circuit

V X =5 I

Applying KVL

35.35 90010 I j2.5 I + j5 I 2 V X j 5 I +V X =0

Substituting for VX gives

j 35.3510 I j2.5 I + j5 I +10 I j5 I 5 I =0

j 35.35=10 I + j 2.5 I j 5 I 10 I + j 5 I +5 I I ( 5+ j2.5 ) = j 35.35

I=

35.35 90 0
0
=6.3236 63.4 A
0
55.9017 26.6

V 0 =( j 2.5 j5 ) I = j 2.5 6.3236 63.40 =15.80926.60 V

v 0 ( t )=22.3607 cos ( 25 t116.6 0 ) V
OR
0

V 0=10 I + j35.355 I j 5 I +10 I =15.80926.6 V

v 0 ( t )=22.3607 cos ( 25 t116.6 0 ) V

Solution

Current through j5, ie., current through V1 (applying KCL)

I 1 =2.828 900 +1.414 1050=4.2098 950 A

Thus

V 1= j 5 I 1=21.0488 50 V
v 1 ( t ) =29.772sin ( 10 t+ 50 ) V v 1 ( t )=29.772 cos ( 10 t850 ) V
Now

V 2=V 1 j2 2.828 900 8.484 650=21.1623153.30 V

v 2 ( t ) =29.9325 sin ( 10 t153.30 ) V v 2 ( t )=29.9325cos ( 10 t+116.7 0 ) V

Solution
Using voltage division rule

 j1
=70.7107450 V
1 j 1

V =100 00

Solution
Using voltage division rule
0

V 0=10 30

j 12
0
=42.426415 V
2+ j10 j 12

Solution
Applying current division rule

V 0=5 300

15
( j12 )=4523.1 V
( 15+1
j12 )
0

Solution

12 00 V

From Figure P8.42,

V 0=12 00

is parallel to 4 . Therefore

2
=10.7331153.4 0 V
2 j1

Solution
Converting voltage source to its equvalent current source

Applying nodal analysis

V 0=

3.33 3002 600

0
=45.24 34.8 V
1
1
+
j 40 30
OR

Using current division rule

0

V 0=( 3.33 30 260 )

Solution

30
0
j 40=45.24 34.8 V
30+ j 40

I=

24 0
=8.9443 26.60 A
( 2+ j 2 ) ( j1 )
+2
2+ j2 j1

Using current division rule

V 0=8.9443 26.6 0

j1
2=8900 V
2+ j 1
OR

Using nodal analysis

0

24 0
2
V 1=
=11.3137450 V
1
1
1
+
+
2 j1 2+ j2
Now applying voltage division rule

V 0=11.3137 450

2
=8900 V
2+ j2

Solution
The circuit in Fig. P8.45 is redrawn as shown below.

Current through 2

I2 =

40
=2 00 A
2

Current through j2
0

I j 2=

40
=2 900 A
j2

Current at V or through j1

I j 1=2 00 +2 900=( 2+ j2 ) A
Voltage across j1
0

V j 1= j1 I j 1= j1 ( 2+ j2 ) =(2+ j 2 ) V =2.8284 135 V =V

V 1V =4 0 0 V 1=V + 4 0 0=2.8284 1350 V +4 00=2.8284 450 V

Now
Thus

I0 =

V1
=2.8284 450 A
1

Solution
Current to left of VS ie., -ve side

I ( 1 j 1) =

V1
4 00
=
=2.8284 450 A
1 j1 1 j 1

Current through 2

I2 =

V 1 4 00
=
=20 0 A
2
2

Applying KCL at the negative side of VS

I ( 1 j 1) + I 2=I V

ve signdue current through V S isve + ve , current has come out of + ve terminal

I V =( I ( 1 j 1) + I 2) =( 2.8284 450+ 20 0 )=4.4721153.40 A
S

Impedance to right of VS, ie +ve side

Z=

( 2+ j1 ) ( j 1 )
=1.11863.4 0
2

Applying KVL to the

loop

V S 1.11863.4 4.4721153.4 +V 1=0

V S =1.11863.40 4.4721153.40 4 0 0=8.5455 159.50 V

Solution
Current through 1 resistor

I1 =

V 0 4 450
=
=4 45 0 A
1
1

Also

V 0=

VZ
V =V 0 ( 1 j 1 )=4 45 0 ( 1 j 1 )=5.657 00 V
1 j1 Z

Current through 2 resistor

I2 =

12 00V Z 12 00 5.657 00
0
=
=3.1715 0 A
2
2

Current through Z

I Z =I 2I 1=3.1715 004 45 0=2.849283.10 A

Now

Z=

VZ
5.657 00
=
=( 0.2385+ j 1.9711 )=1.9855 83.10
0
I Z 2.849283.1

Solution

From above diagram

0

V 3=12 0 V ,V 4 =1 4 0 =4 0 V

Applying KCL at node 1

V1

( 11 + j11 + 1j1 )V j1 V + j 1V =0 V V = j 1V j1 V
2

Substituting for V3 and V4 gives

0

V 1V 2= j1 12 0 j1 4 0 =8 90
Applying KCL at node 2

V 1 +V 2

( 11 + 11 )=2 0 V + 2V =2180
0

Solving

V 1=(2.0000+ j 16.0000 ) V ,V 2=(2.0000+ j 8.0000 ) V

Now

I X=

V 2
= (2 j 8 ) A=8.2465760 A
1

INCOMPLETE

Solution

Solution

Solution
Applying KCL at node 1

V 1 V 1 V 1V 2
+ +
=120 02 00=3 V 1V 2=10 00
1 1
1

Applying KCL at node 2

V 2 V 2V 1
+
=4 00 =V 1 + ( 1+ j1 ) V 2=4 00
j1
1

Solving for V1 gives

0

V 1=( 4.4615 j 1.6923 ) V =4.771720.8 V

Thus

I0 =

V1
=4.771720.8 0 A
1

Solution
Applying KCL at V

1
1
1 1 12 00
6 00
0
+
+ + =
4 0 +
0
2 j1 j2 2
2
190

( 1+ j 0.5 ) V =2+ j 6
V=

2+ j 6
=( 4 + j4 ) V =5.657 45 0 V
1+ j 0.5

Thus

V 5.657 45 0
I0 = =
=2.8284 450 A
2
2

Solution
Applying KCL at V

1
1
12 0
40
+
+1 =
20 0+
2 j1 2+ j2
2 j 1
1

( 1.6500 j0.0500 ) V = ( 6.8000+ j 2.4000 )

V=

( 6.8000+ j2.4000 )
= ( 4.0734+ j 1.5780 ) V =4.3684 21.20 V
( 1.6500 j0.0500 )

Using voltage division rule

V 0=V

2
2
=4.3684 21.20
=3.088923.80 V
2+ j 2
2+ j 2

Solution
From Fig. P8.54,

V 2V 1=12 0 V V 2 =V 1+12 0 V

Node1 and Node 2 are super node, because a voltage source was connected
between them. An equation should be formed covering both nodes together as
shown in Fig. above.

V1
V V
V2
+ 1+ 2+
=0 ( 1+ j0.5 ) V 1 + ( 0.25 j 0.25 ) V 2=0
1 j 1 2 j 2 2 j2

Substituting for V2 gives

( 1+ j 0.5 ) V 1+ ( 0.25 j0.25 ) ( V 1 +12 00 ) =0

( 1.25+ j 0.25 ) V 1=( 0.25 j0.25 ) 12 00 V 1=3.3282123.7 0 V

Thus

I0 =

V 1
=1.666456.30 A
2

Solution

From above

V 2V 1=12 0 V V 2 =V 1+12 0 V

(Node1 and Node 2 are super node, because a voltage source was connected
between them. An equation should be formed covering both nodes together as
shown in Fig. above)
0
V1 V1 V2 V2
60
+
+ +
=2 00
( 1+ j 1 ) V 1 + ( 0.5 j 0.5 ) V 2=4 0 0
1 j 1 j2 1+1
1

Substituting for V2 gives

( 1+ j 1 ) V 1 + ( 0.5 j 0.5 ) ( V 1 +12 00 )=4 00

( 1.5+ j 0.5 ) V 1=( 6 j 6 )4 ( 1.5+ j 0.5 ) V 1=(10+ j 6 )
V 1=7.3756130.60 V

And

V 2=V 1 +12 0 V 2=7 .3756130.6 +12 0 =9.1214 37.9 V

Thus, applying voltage division rule

V 0=V 2

Solution

Solution

1
=4.5607 237.90 V
1+ 1

Solution

From above
0

V 1=4 0 V ,V 0 =V 3 ,V 1V 2=4 V 0 V 1=V 2 +4 V 3

OR
0

V 1=V 2 +4 V 3=4 0 0 R V 2=4 0 4 V 3

Applying KCL at node 3

V 1 V 2
1
+V 3 1+1+
=0 2.236126.6 0 V 3 =4 00+ 4 004 V 3
1
1
j1

6.0824 9.5 V 3=8 0 V 3 =1.31539.5 V

INCOMPLETE

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution
From Figure P8.66

V 1V 2=12 00 V V 1=V 2 +120 0 V

V X=

V2
=jV2
j1

(Node1 and Node 2 are super node, because a voltage source was connected
between them. An equation should be formed covering both nodes together as
shown in Fig. above)

V1 V2
V2
+
+
=2V X V 1+ ( 0.5+ j 0.5 ) V 2=2 V X
1 j1 1+ j1

Substituting for V1 and VX gives

V 2 +12+ ( 0.5+ j 0.5 ) V 2= j 2V 2 ( 1.5+ j 2.5 ) V 2=12

V 2=4.116 1210 V
V X=

V2
=4.116 1490 V
j1

Using voltage division rule

V 0=V 2

1
4.116 1210
=
=2.9104 76 0 V
1+ j1
1+ j1

Solution

Solution

V 0=2 I 2

Applying KVL to each loop

][ ] [

0
j1 2 j I 1 = 6 0 I =(3+ j 1.2427 ) A=3.2472157.5 0 A
2 j 2+ j2 I 2
12 450 2

Thus

V 0=2 I 2=2 3.2472157.5 =6.4944 157.5 V

Solution

V 0=2 ( I 1I 2) ,I 2 =4 900 A
Applying KVL to loop 1

( 6 j 4 ) I 1( 2 j 4 ) I 2=12 00
Substituting for I2 gives

( 6 j 4 ) I 1( 2 j 4 ) (4 900 )=12 00

I1 =

( 4 + j 8 )
=1.240482.90 A
( 6 j 4 )

Thus

V 0=2 ( I 1I 2) =2 ( 1.240482.90+ 4 900 )=5.5467 86.8 0 A

Solution
From above

I 1 =4 0 0 A ,V 0=I 2 j1 I 3

Applying KVL

I 1 +3 I 2I 3=03 I 2I 3=4 00
I 2 + ( 1 j1 ) I 3=6 00
Solving gives

I 2 =( 2.4615+ j 1.6923 ) A=2.9871 34.50 A ,I 3 =( 3.3846+ j 5.0769 ) A=6.1017 56.30 A

Thus

V 0=I 2 j1 I 3 =( 2.4615+ j 1.6923 ) j 1 ( 3.3846+ j 5.0769 )=7.726012.7 0 V

Solution
From above

I 1 =4 0 0 A ,V 0=1 I 4

Applying KVL

I 1 +3 I 2I 3I 4 =0 3 I 2I 3I 4 =4 00
0
I 2 + ( 1 j1 ) I 3 + j I 4=6 0

I 2 + j I 3 + ( 2 j 1 ) I 4 =0
Solving gives
0

I 4=( 4.7059 j0.8235 ) A=4.77749.9 A

Thus
0

V 0=1 I 4 =4.77749.9 V

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

From above

I 2 =4 30 0 A ,I 4 =I 3+ 20 0

V X =1 I 4=I 3+ 20

Applying KVL to loop 1

( 2 j1 ) I 1 + j1 I 2I 3=0
Substituting for I2 gives

( 2 j1 ) I 1 + j1 4 300I 3=0 ( 2 j1 ) I 1I 3 =4600

Applying KVL to super mesh

I 1I 2+ I 3 +2 I 4=2 V x

Substituting for I2, I4 and VX gives

I 14 300 + I 3+ 2 ( I 3 +2 00 ) =2 ( I 3 +2 00 )
I 1 + I 3 =4 30

In compact

][ ] [

0
(2 j 1 ) 1 I 1 = 460
0
1
1 I3
4 30

Solving gives
Now

I 1 =( 3.4641+ j2 ) A=4 30 0 A
0

I 0 =I 1 I 2=4 30 4 30 =0 A

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution
With 1200 V alone acting in the network

V '0=12 00

j1
=5.366663.4 0 V
2 j 1

With 400 A alone acting in the network

V '0' =4 00

Thus

( 21j1 ) ( j 1)=1.7889116.6 V

V 0=V '0 +V '0' =5.366663.40 +1.7889 116.60 =3.577763.4 0 V

Solution
With 600 V source alone acting in the circuit

Applying mesh analysis

[ ][ ] [ ]
1 0 I1 = 0
0 1 I 2 6 00

I 2 =6 A=6900 A
V '0=1 I 2 =6900 V
With 600 A source alone acting in the circuit

Applying nodal analysis

][ ] [ ]

1
1 1
+
j 1 j 1 j 1 V 1 = 6 00
''
1
0
1+ 1 V 0
j1
''

V 0 =690 V
Thus

V 0=V '0 +V '0' =6900 +6900 =1290 0 V

Solution
With 600 V source alone acting in the circuit

Applying voltage division rule

'

V 0=6 0

2
0
=3.794718.4 V
3+ j1

With 200 A source alone acting in the circuit

Applying nodal analysis

''
0

V =

Thus

2 00
1
1
+
1 j 1 2+ j 2

2
=1.7889 116.60 V
2+ j 2

V 0=V '0 +V '0' =3.794718.40 +1.7889 116.60 =2.8294 8.20 V

Solution
With 200 A source alone acting in the circuit

Applying nodal analysis

1
1
+
j2 2
1
2

][ ] [ ]

1
V1
2
= 2 V '0=(1.3333 j1.3333 ) V
'
1 1 1 V 0 2
+ +
2 j4 2

With 1200 V source alone acting in the circuit

Applying nodal analysis

V '0'

Thus

1
1 1 12 00 ' ' (
+ + =
V = j 4 )V
2 j2 j 4 2
j4 0

V 0=V '0 +V '0' =(1.3333 j1.3333 ) + ( j 4 )=5.49741040 V

Solution
With 1600 V source alone acting in the network

Applying nodal analysis

V1

1 1
1
16 00
+ +
=
V =10.733163.4 0 V
j2 2 3+ j 3 j 2 1

Applying voltage division rule

V '0=10.7331 63.40

2
=5.0596 18.4 0 V
3+ j3

With 1600 V source alone acting in the network

Applying nodal analysis

1
1 1
+ +
j2 2 3
1 1

j2 2

][ ] [ ]

1 1

V 1 4
j2 2
0
=
V 1=(4.8000 j 3.6000 ) V =6143.1 V
1
1 1 V2
0
+ +
j2 j 3 2

2
''
0
0
V 0 =6143.1 =4 143.1 V
3
Thus

V 0=V '0 +V '0' =5.0596 18.40 + 4143.10=1.791 426.60 V

Solution
With 200 A source alone acting in the network,

'

V 0=0 , as resistance is short circuited.

With 400 A source alone acting in the network,

V '0' =20 0 V
With 600 V source alone acting in the network,

1
V '0' ' =6 0 0 =3 00 V
2
Thus

'

''

'' '

V 0=V 0 +V 0 + V 0 =5 0 V

Solution

Solution

Solution

Using current division rule

2 ( 1 j1 )
2+ 1 j 1
I 0 =6.324618.4 0
=236.80 A
2 ( 1 j 1 )
+2
2+1 j1

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

INCOMPLETE

Solution

Applying nodal analysis

1

V TH =

60
1+

1
1
+
j 1 2+ j 1

j1
0
=1.6641 33.7 V
2+ j 1

Thevenin Impedance

Z 1TH

1 ( j1 )
+ 2) j1
(
1 j 1
=
=1 67.4
1 ( j 1 )
( 1 j1 +2)+ j 1

V 0=1.6641 33.70

1
=0.650912.5 0 V
0
1+ 1+1 67.4

Solution

Voltage across j2

V j 2=12 00

j2
=8.4853450 V
2 j 2

Voltage across 2

V 2=2 4 00=8 00 V
V TH =8.485345 08 00 =6.3246108.4 0 V

Thus

Thevenin Impedance

Z TH =
Thus

I0 =

2 ( j 2 )
0
+ 2=( 3 j1 )=3.162318.4
2 j 2

V TH
6.3246108.4 0
=
=0.8944100.3 0 A
Z TH +4
3 j1+ 4

Solution

From above I1 = 200 A, and I = 400 A.

Applying KVL

I 2 j 2 ( I 2I 1 ) + ( I 2I )=6
Substituting for I1 and I gives

I 2 =3.807923.20 A

Now

I 2 6=V TH V TH =2.9155310 V

or

V TH ( j 2 ) ( I 2 I 1 ) ( I 2 I ) =0

V TH =2.915531 V
Thevenin Impedance

Z TH =

( 1 j2 )
=0.790618.4 0
1+1 j 2

Now the current throught 1 resistor

I0 =

V TH
2.9155310
=
=1.649322.90 A
1+ Z TH 1+ 0.790618.4 0

Solution

I 2 =4 0 A

From above

Applying KVL to loop 1

0

2 I 1I 2=6 0

Substituting for I2 gives

0

2 I 1=I 26 0 2 I 1=4 0 6 0 =10 0

I 1=5 00 A

Let VX be the voltage across the current source. Now applying KVL to loop 2

( 1 j1 ) I 2I 1=V X V X =14.560215.90 V
0

V TH =6 0 +V X =20.396111.3 V
Thevenin Impedance

Z TH =
Thus

V 0=V TH
CHECK

1 1
j1= ( 0.5 j1 )=1.1180 63.4 0
1+1

1
0
=11.311822.4 V
1+ ZTH

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

1 00=I 3+ I X =
V 1 =

V1 V1
+
=V 1 ( 0.333+ j 0.333 )
3 j3

1
0
=2.123445 V
( 0.333+ j 0.333 )

Voltage across the current source

V =4 I X V 1=4

V1
V 1 3.539171.90 V
j3

Thevenin Impedance
0

Z TH =

3.539171.9
=3.539171.90
0
10

CHECK : Ans

3.539 8.13

Solution
No independent source is available, so Thevenin Voltage is zero

No Solution

Solution
No independent source is available, so Thevenin Voltage is zero

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution
From Fig. P8.145,

V 2=12 00 V ,I X =

V 2V 1
12V 1
V1
I X=
=0.6366
j18.85
j 18.85
j 18.85

Applying KCL at node 1

I 0 =3 ( I X )=3 0.6366

V1
=1 . 9098+0.1592 V 1
j 18.85

Applying KCL at node 1

I 0 +

V 1V 2
V2
1
=2 I X V 1

=I 2 I X
j 18.85
j 18.85 j 18.85 0

Substituting for

V1

V 2 , I 0I X

gives

1
120 0

=1.9098+ 0.1592V 1 +1.27320.1061 V 1

j18.85
j 18.85

12 00
=0.6366+ 0.1061V 1
j18.85
INCOMPLETE