REQUIRED SCFM OF COMPRESSED AIR PER OUTLET FOR LABORATORIES

ABORATORIES

REQUIRED nl/s OF COMPRESSED AIR PER OUTLET FO

ESSED AIR PER OUTLET FOR LABORATORIES

Fittings Equivalent Length Table in Compressed

Equivalent Pipe Length (m)
Nominal Pipe Size (inches, mm)
1/2"

3/4"

1"

1 1/4"

1 1/2"

2"

15 mm

20 mm

25 mm

32 mm

40 mm

50 mm

90o bend

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.35

0.5

0.6

90o elbow
Tee - run

0.25
0.2

0.4
0.3

0.5
0.4

0.65
0.5

0.8
0.7

1
0.85

Tee - side outlet

0.5

0.7

1.4

1.8

2.4

2.7

Fitting

ompressed Air Pipe lines

m)
e (inches, mm)
2 1/2"

3"

4"

5"

65 mm

80 mm

100 mm

125 mm

0.8

1.2

1.5

1.4
1.1

1.8
1.3

2.4
1.6

3.2
2

3.6

4.6

5.7

Initial
Pressure
Length
Max.
Pressure
Drop

(kg/cm2)

100.00

(psi)

Adjust pressure (kg/cm2)

100

(m)

328.08

(ft)

Adjust Length (m)

(kg/cm2)

14.267

(psi)

Adjust pressure drop (kg/cm2)

7.009

Pressure Drop For Sch 40 Steel Pipes

NOTE! Pressure drops above 1 kg/cm2 (14-15 psi) are in general not relevant.

Volume Flow FAD

1/2
15.798

3/4
20.93

NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)

1 1/4
1 1/2
35.052
40.894

1
26.645

2
52.501

2 1/2
62.713

3
77.928

(m3/min)

(cfm)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5

4
7
11
14
18
21
25
28
32
35
42
49
56
64
71
78
85
92
99
106
124
141
159
177
194
212
229
247
265
282
300
318
335

0.0155
0.0559
0.1183
0.2015
0.3044
0.4266
0.5673
0.7263
0.9032
1.10
1.54
2.05
2.62
3.26
3.96
4.72
5.54
6.43
7.37
8.38
11.14
14.26
17.74
21.55
25.71
30.20
35.02
40.17
45.63
51.42
57.52
63.94
70.67

0.2212
0.7974
1.6882
2.8745
4.3436
6.0860
8.0943
10.3626
12.8854
15.66
21.94
29.18
37.36
46.45
56.45
67.33
79.09
91.72
105.19
119.52
158.96
203.50
253.04
307.50
366.79
430.85
499.62
573.04
651.05
733.61
820.68
912.22
1,008.18

0.0038
0.0137
0.0290
0.0494
0.0746
0.1045
0.1390
0.1780
0.2213
0.2689
0.3768
0.5011
0.6415
0.7977
0.9694
1.16
1.36
1.58
1.81
2.05
2.73
3.49
4.35
5.28
6.30
7.40
8.58
9.84
11.18
12.60
14.09
15.67
17.31

0.0542
0.1954
0.4136
0.7042
1.0642
1.4911
1.9831
2.5388
3.1569
3.8363
5.3753
7.1491
9.1524
11.3807
13.8299
16.50
19.38
22.47
25.77
29.28
38.94
49.86
62.00
75.34
89.86
105.56
122.41
140.39
159.51
179.73
201.07
223.49
247.00

0.0011
0.0041
0.0087
0.0148
0.0223
0.0313
0.0416
0.0532
0.0662
0.0804
0.1127
0.1499
0.1919
0.2386
0.2899
0.3458
0.4062
0.4710
0.5402
0.6138
0.8163
1.0451
1.30
1.58
1.88
2.21
2.57
2.94
3.34
3.77
4.21
4.68
5.18

0.0162
0.0584
0.1237
0.2106
0.3183
0.4459
0.5931
0.7593
0.9441
1.1473
1.6076
2.1381
2.7372
3.4036
4.1361
4.9336
5.7953
6.7202
7.7077
8.7570
11.6468
14.9105
18.54
22.53
26.88
31.57
36.61
41.99
47.70
53.75
60.13
66.84
73.87

0.0003
0.0010
0.0022
0.0037
0.0057
0.0079
0.0106
0.0135
0.0168
0.0204
0.0286
0.0380
0.0487
0.0606
0.0736
0.0878
0.1031
0.1196
0.1371
0.1558
0.2072
0.2653
0.3298
0.4008
0.4781
0.5616
0.6513
0.7470
0.8486
0.9563
1.07
1.19
1.31

0.0041
0.0148
0.0314
0.0535
0.0808
0.1132
0.1505
0.1927
0.2396
0.2912
0.4080
0.5427
0.6947
0.8639
1.0498
1.2522
1.4709
1.7057
1.9563
2.2227
2.9561
3.7845
4.7059
5.7186
6.8213
8.0127
9.2915
10.6568
12.1077
13.6431
15.26
16.96
18.75

0.0001
0.0005
0.0010
0.0017
0.0026
0.0037
0.0049
0.0062
0.0078
0.0094
0.0132
0.0176
0.0225
0.0280
0.0340
0.0406
0.0477
0.0553
0.0634
0.0721
0.0959
0.1227
0.1526
0.1854
0.2212
0.2598
0.3013
0.3456
0.3926
0.4424
0.4949
0.5501
0.6080

0.0019
0.0069
0.0145
0.0247
0.0374
0.0524
0.0696
0.0892
0.1109
0.1347
0.1888
0.2511
0.3214
0.3997
0.4857
0.5794
0.6805
0.7892
0.9051
1.0283
1.3677
1.7510
2.1772
2.6458
3.1560
3.7072
4.2989
4.9305
5.6018
6.3122
7.0614
7.8490
8.6746

0.0000
0.0001
0.0003
0.0005
0.0008
0.0011
0.0014
0.0018
0.0022
0.0027
0.0038
0.0050
0.0065
0.0080
0.0098
0.0116
0.0137
0.0159
0.0182
0.0207
0.0275
0.0352
0.0438
0.0532
0.0634
0.0745
0.0864
0.0991
0.1126
0.1269
0.1419
0.1577
0.1743

0.0005
0.0020
0.0042
0.0071
0.0107
0.0150
0.0200
0.0256
0.0318
0.0386
0.0541
0.0720
0.0922
0.1146
0.1393
0.1661
0.1951
0.2263
0.2595
0.2948
0.3921
0.5020
0.6243
0.7586
0.9049
1.0629
1.2326
1.4137
1.6062
1.8098
2.0246
2.2505
2.4872

0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.0016
0.0021
0.0027
0.0033
0.0040
0.0048
0.0056
0.0065
0.0075
0.0085
0.0113
0.0145
0.0180
0.0219
0.0261
0.0306
0.0355
0.0407
0.0463
0.0522
0.0584
0.0649
0.0717

0.0002
0.0008
0.0017
0.0029
0.0044
0.0062
0.0082
0.0105
0.0131
0.0159
0.0223
0.0296
0.0379
0.0471
0.0573
0.0683
0.0802
0.0930
0.1067
0.1212
0.1612
0.2064
0.2567
0.3119
0.3721
0.4371
0.5068
0.5813
0.6604
0.7442
0.8325
0.9254
1.0227

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.0014
0.0016
0.0019
0.0022
0.0025
0.0029
0.0038
0.0049
0.0061
0.0074
0.0088
0.0103
0.0120
0.0138
0.0156
0.0176
0.0197
0.0219
0.0242

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600

353
530
706
883
1059
1236
1412
1589
1765
1942
2118
2295
2471
2648
2824
3001
3177
3354
3530
5295
7060
8825
10590
12355
14120
15885
17650
19415
21180

77.70
164.51
280.11
423.26
593.05
788.76
1,009.79
1,255.63
1,525.85
1,820.07
2,137.95
2,479.18
2,843.47
3,230.59
3,640.28
4,072.33
4,526.54
5,002.72
5,500.70
11,646.27
19,830.03
29,964.49
41,984.82
55,839.79
71,487.30
88,891.67
###
###
###

1,108.54
2,347.03
3,996.28
6,038.65
8,461.06
11,253.21
14,406.60
17,914.05
21,769.33
25,966.99
30,502.15
35,370.43
40,567.85
46,090.77
51,935.83
58,099.93
64,580.18
71,373.87
78,478.48
166,157.30
282,915.07
427,503.44
598,997.37
796,666.36
###
###
###
###
###

19.04
40.30
68.63
103.70
145.30
193.24
247.40
307.63
373.83
445.92
523.80
607.40
696.65
791.49
891.86
997.72
1,109.00
1,225.66
1,347.67
2,853.32
4,858.34
7,341.27
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

271.59
575.02
979.09
1,479.46
2,072.95
2,757.03
3,529.60
4,388.92
5,333.47
6,361.89
7,473.00
8,665.72
9,939.08
11,292.19
12,724.23
14,234.43
15,822.08
17,486.53
19,227.15
40,708.38
69,313.92
104,737.94
146,753.79
195,182.50
249,876.83
310,712.09
377,580.46
450,387.13
529,047.68

5.69
12.05
20.52
31.01
43.45
57.79
73.99
92.00
111.80
133.36
156.65
181.65
208.34
236.71
266.73
298.38
331.66
366.55
403.04
853.33
1,452.97
2,195.53
3,076.27
4,091.44
5,237.94
6,513.18
7,914.88
9,441.06
###

81.22
171.97
292.81
442.46
619.95
824.53
1,055.59
1,312.58
1,595.06
1,902.63
2,234.92
2,591.63
2,972.45
3,377.12
3,805.39
4,257.04
4,731.85
5,229.63
5,750.19
12,174.51
20,729.46
31,323.59
43,889.12
58,372.51
74,729.75
92,923.52
112,921.60
134,695.63
158,220.35

1.44
3.06
5.21
7.87
11.03
14.67
18.78
23.35
28.38
33.85
39.76
46.11
52.88
60.08
67.70
75.73
84.18
93.04
102.30
216.59
368.78
557.25
780.80
1,038.46
1,329.46
1,653.13
2,008.90
2,396.27
2,814.78

20.62
43.65
74.32
112.30
157.35
209.28
267.92
333.15
404.85
482.91
567.25
657.79
754.45
857.16
965.86
1,080.49
1,201.01
1,327.35
1,459.48
3,090.05
5,261.42
7,950.35
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

0.6685
1.42
2.41
3.64
5.10
6.79
8.69
10.80
13.13
15.66
18.40
21.33
24.47
27.80
31.32
35.04
38.95
43.04
47.33
100.21
170.62
257.82
361.25
480.46
615.09
764.85
929.45
###
###

9.5381
20.19
34.38
51.96
72.80
96.83
123.96
154.14
187.31
223.43
262.45
304.34
349.06
396.58
446.87
499.91
555.66
614.12
675.25
1,429.66
2,434.27
3,678.34
5,153.92
6,854.71
8,775.55
###
###
###
###

0.1917
0.4058
0.6910
1.0442
1.46
1.95
2.49
3.10
3.76
4.49
5.27
6.12
7.01
7.97
8.98
10.05
11.17
12.34
13.57
28.73
48.92
73.92
103.58
137.76
176.36
219.30
266.49
317.88
373.40

2.7348
5.7902
9.8589
14.8975
20.87
27.76
35.54
44.19
53.71
64.06
75.25
87.26
100.08
113.71
128.13
143.33
159.32
176.08
193.61
409.91
697.96
1,054.66
1,477.74
1,965.39
2,516.14
3,128.72
3,802.05
4,535.18
5,327.25

0.0788
0.1669
0.2841
0.4294
0.6016
0.8001
1.0244
1.27
1.55
1.85
2.17
2.51
2.88
3.28
3.69
4.13
4.59
5.07
5.58
11.81
20.12
30.40
42.59
56.65
72.52
90.17
109.58
130.71
153.54

1.1245
2.3809
4.0540
6.1258
8.5832
11.4156
14.6145
18.17
22.08
26.34
30.94
35.88
41.15
46.76
52.69
58.94
65.51
72.40
79.61
168.56
287.00
433.67
607.64
808.16
###
###
###
###
###

0.0266
0.0563
0.0959
0.1449
0.2031
0.2701
0.3458
0.4299
0.5225
0.6232
0.7320
0.8489
0.9736
1.11
1.25
1.39
1.55
1.71
1.88
3.99
6.79
10.26
14.38
19.12
24.48
30.44
36.99
44.12
51.83

OTE! Pressure drops above 1 kg/cm2 (14-15 psi) are in general not relevant.
NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
3
77.928

4
102.26

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

0.0001
0.0003
0.0006
0.0010
0.0015
0.0021
0.0028
0.0035
0.0044
0.0054
0.0075
0.0100
0.0128
0.0159
0.0193
0.0231
0.0271
0.0314
0.0360
0.0409
0.0544
0.0697
0.0866
0.1053
0.1256
0.1475
0.1711
0.1962
0.2229
0.2512
0.2810
0.3124
0.3452

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.0014
0.0019
0.0026
0.0033
0.0041
0.0050
0.0059
0.0070
0.0081
0.0093
0.0105
0.0140
0.0179
0.0223
0.0271
0.0323
0.0379
0.0440
0.0504
0.0573
0.0646
0.0722
0.0803
0.0887

0.3796
### 0.0976
0.8036
### 0.2065
1.3684
### 0.3517
2.0677
### 0.5314
2.8971
### 0.7446
3.8532
### 0.9903
4.9329
### 1.2678
6.1339
### 1.5764
7.4540
### 1.9157
8.8913
### 2.2851
10.4442 ### 2.6842
12.1111 ### 3.1126
13.8907 ### 3.5700
15.78
### 4.0560
17.78
### 4.5703
19.89
### 5.1128
22.11
### 5.6830
24.44
### 6.2809
26.87
### 6.9061
56.89
###
###
96.87
1.75 24.90
146.38
2.64 37.62
205.10
3.69 52.71
272.78
4.91 70.11
349.22
6.29 89.75
434.25
7.82 111.60
527.70
9.51 135.62
629.45 11.34 161.77
739.39 13.32 190.03

COMPRESSED AIR PRESSURE

The pressure drop in compressed air type K copper lines can be calculated by using the formula:dp = 7.57 (q)1.85 (L) (104) / (d)5 (p)
Where:dp = pressure drop (kg/cm2)
q = air volume flow (m3/min)
L = length of pipe (m)
d = inside diameter of pipe (mm)
p = initial pressure (kg/cm2)
Initial
Pressure
Length
Max.
Pressure
Drop

(kg/cm2)

150.0004

(psi)

50

(m)

164.04

(ft)

(kg/cm2)

14.267

(psi)

10.5138

Adjust pressure (kg/cm

Adjust Length (m)

Adjust pressure drop (kg

Pressure Drop For Type K Copper Pipes

Volume Flow FAD
1/2
13.3858

3/4
18.923

1
25.273

(m3/min)

(cfm)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8

4
7
11
14
18
21
25
28
32
35
42
49
56
64
71
78
85
92
99

0.0118
0.0427
0.0903
0.1538
0.2324
0.3256
0.43
0.55
0.69
0.84
1.17
1.56
2.00
2.49
3.02
3.60
4.23
4.91
5.63

0.1688
0.6086
1.2885
2.1940
3.3152
4.6451
6.18
7.91
9.83
11.95
16.75
22.27
28.51
35.45
43.08
51.39
60.37
70.00
80.29

0.0021
0.0076
0.0160
0.0272
0.0412
0.0577
0.0767
0.0982
0.1221
0.1484
0.2079
0.2765
0.35
0.44
0.53
0.64
0.75
0.87
1.00

0.0299
0.1078
0.2282
0.3886
0.5872
0.8228
1.0943
1.4009
1.7420
2.1168
2.9660
3.9448
5.05
6.28
7.63
9.10
10.69
12.40
14.22

0.0005
0.0018
0.0038
0.0064
0.0097
0.0136
0.0180
0.0231
0.0287
0.0349
0.0489
0.0651
0.0833
0.1036
0.1259
0.1501
0.1764
0.2045
0.2346

NOTE

3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550

106
124
141
159
177
194
212
229
247
265
282
300
318
335
353
530
706
883
1059
1236
1412
1589
1765
1942
2118
2295
2471
2648
2824
3001
3177
3354
3530
5295
7060
8825
10590
12355
14120
15885
17650
19415

600

21180

6.39
8.50
10.89
13.54
16.45
19.62
23.05
26.73
30.66
34.83
39.25
43.90
48.80
53.94
59.30
125.56
213.79
323.05
452.65
602.02
770.72
958.36
1,164.61
1,389.17
1,631.79
1,892.23
2,170.28
2,465.74
2,778.44
3,108.20
3,454.88
3,818.33
4,198.41
8,889.01
15,135.26
22,870.39
32,044.89
42,619.70
54,562.66
67,846.53
82,447.79
98,345.73
115,521.90

91.22
121.32
155.32
193.13
234.70
279.95
328.85
381.34
437.37
496.91
559.93
626.39
696.25
769.50
846.09
1,791.37
3,050.16
4,608.99
6,457.90
8,589.01
10,995.83
13,672.89
16,615.43
19,819.29
23,280.75
26,996.46
30,963.39
35,178.76
39,640.00
44,344.75
49,290.79
54,476.08
59,898.67
126,819.49
215,934.81
326,291.82
457,184.50
608,055.27
778,445.40
967,966.50
###
###
###

1.13
1.51
1.93
2.40
2.91
3.48
4.08
4.73
5.43
6.17
6.95
7.78
8.64
9.55
10.50
22.24
37.87
57.22
80.17
106.63
136.51
169.75
206.28
246.05
289.03
335.16
384.40
436.74
492.12
550.53
611.93
676.31
743.63
1,574.44
2,680.78
4,050.84
5,675.85
7,548.87
9,664.23
12,017.09
14,603.29
17,419.16
20,461.43

16.16
21.49
27.51
34.21
41.57
49.59
58.25
67.54
77.47
88.01
99.18
110.95
123.32
136.29
149.86
317.29
540.25
816.35
1,143.83
1,521.30
1,947.60
2,421.77
2,942.95
3,510.43
4,123.53
4,781.66
5,484.29
6,230.92
7,021.10
7,854.42
8,730.47
9,648.89
10,609.35
22,462.48
38,246.74
57,793.35
80,977.28
###
###
###
###
###
###

0.2665
0.35
0.45
0.56
0.69
0.82
0.96
1.11
1.28
1.45
1.64
1.83
2.03
2.25
2.47
5.23
8.91
13.47
18.87
25.09
32.12
39.95
48.54
57.90
68.01
78.87
90.46
102.77
115.81
129.55
144.00
159.15
174.99
370.50
630.85
953.26
1,335.66
1,776.43
2,274.22
2,827.91
3,436.50
4,099.14
4,815.06

Nominal Diam
inch
mm
1/4

3/8

1/2

12

5/8

15

3/4

19

25

1 1/4

32

1 1/2

38

50

2 1/2

63

75

Type
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
M
K
L
M
K
L
M

Inside Diameter
inch
mm
0.30512
7.75
0.31496
8
0.40197
10.21
0.42992
10.92
0.52717
13.39
0.54488
13.84
0.65197
16.56
0.66614
16.92
0.74488
18.92
0.78504
19.94
0.99488
25.27
1.0252
26.04
1.24488
31.62
1.26496
32.13
1.4811
37.62
1.50512
38.23
1.95906
49.76
1.98504
50.42
2.00906
51.03
2.43504
61.85
2.46496
62.61
2.49488
63.37
2.90709
73.84
2.94488
74.8
2.9811
75.72

PRESSURE DROP FOR TYPE K COPPER PIPES

by using the formula:-

Adjust pressure (kg/cm2)

Adjust Length (m)

Adjust pressure drop (kg/cm2)

pper Pipes

NOTE! Pressure drops above 1 kg/cm2 (14-15 psi) are in general not relevant.
NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
1 1/4
1 1/2
31.623
37.6174

1
25.273

2
49.7586

2 1/2
61.849

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

0.0070
0.0254
0.0537
0.0914
0.1382
0.1936
0.2575
0.3297
0.4099
0.4981
0.6980
0.9283
1.1884
1.4778
1.7958
2.1421
2.5162
2.9178
3.3465

0.0002
0.0006
0.0012
0.0021
0.0032
0.0044
0.0059
0.0075
0.0094
0.0114
0.0160
0.0212
0.0272
0.0338
0.0410
0.0490
0.0575
0.0667
0.0765

0.0023
0.0083
0.0175
0.0298
0.0451
0.0631
0.0840
0.1075
0.1337
0.1624
0.2276
0.3027
0.3875
0.4818
0.5855
0.6984
0.8204
0.9513
1.0911

0.0001
0.0002
0.0005
0.0009
0.0013
0.0019
0.0025
0.0032
0.0039
0.0048
0.0067
0.0089
0.0114
0.0142
0.0172
0.0206
0.0241
0.0280
0.0321

0.0010
0.0035
0.0074
0.0125
0.0189
0.0265
0.0352
0.0451
0.0561
0.0682
0.0955
0.1271
0.1627
0.2023
0.2458
0.2932
0.3444
0.3994
0.4581

0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0005
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0.0012
0.0017
0.0022
0.0028
0.0035
0.0043
0.0051
0.0060
0.0069
0.0079

0.0002
0.0009
0.0018
0.0031
0.0047
0.0065
0.0087
0.0111
0.0139
0.0168
0.0236
0.0314
0.0402
0.0500
0.0607
0.0724
0.0851
0.0986
0.1131

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0007
0.0009
0.0012
0.0014
0.0017
0.0020
0.0023
0.0027

3.8021
0.0869
5.06
0.1156
6.47
0.1479
8.05
0.1840
9.78
0.2236
11.67
0.2667
13.71
0.3132
15.89
0.36
18.23
0.42
20.71
0.47
23.34
0.53
26.11
0.60
29.02
0.66
32.07
0.73
35.27
0.81
74.67
1.71
127.13
2.91
192.11
4.39
269.17
6.15
358.00
8.18
458.32
10.47
569.90
13.02
692.55
15.83
826.09
18.88
970.36
22.18
1,125.24
25.71
1,290.58
29.49
1,466.28
33.51
1,652.23
37.76
1,848.33
42.24
2,054.49
46.95
2,270.62
51.89
2,496.63
57.05
5,285.96 120.80
9,000.37 205.68
13,600.16 310.80
19,055.89 435.48
25,344.32 579.18
32,446.35 741.48
40,345.77 922.01
49,028.58 1,120.43
58,482.49 1,336.48
68,696.51 1,569.90

1.2396
1.6487
2.1107
2.6246
3.1895
3.8045
4.4689
5.18
5.94
6.75
7.61
8.51
9.46
10.46
11.50
24.34
41.45
62.63
87.76
116.72
149.43
185.81
225.80
269.34
316.38
366.87
420.78
478.06
538.69
602.63
669.84
740.31
814.00
1,723.42
2,934.47
4,434.17
6,212.95
8,263.22
###
###
###
###
###

0.0365
0.0485
0.0621
0.0772
0.0939
0.1120
0.1315
0.1525
0.1749
0.1987
0.2239
0.2505
0.2784
0.3077
0.3383
0.72
1.22
1.84
2.58
3.43
4.40
5.47
6.64
7.93
9.31
10.80
12.38
14.07
15.85
17.73
19.71
21.78
23.95
50.71
86.35
130.48
182.83
243.16
311.30
387.08
470.39
561.09
659.09

0.5204
0.6922
0.8861
1.1019
1.3390
1.5972
1.8762
2.1756
2.4953
2.8350
3.1946
3.5737
3.9723
4.3902
4.8272
10.22
17.40
26.30
36.84
49.00
62.73
78.01
94.80
113.07
132.82
154.02
176.66
200.71
226.16
253.00
281.22
310.80
341.74
723.54
1,231.97
1,861.59
2,608.37
3,469.13
4,441.26
5,522.53
6,711.03
8,005.08
9,403.18

0.0090
0.0120
0.0153
0.0191
0.0232
0.0276
0.0325
0.0377
0.0432
0.0491
0.0553
0.0619
0.0688
0.0760
0.0836
0.1769
0.3012
0.46
0.64
0.85
1.09
1.35
1.64
1.96
2.30
2.67
3.06
3.47
3.91
4.38
4.87
5.38
5.92
12.52
21.32
32.22
45.15
60.05
76.87
95.59
116.16
138.56
162.76

0.1285
0.1709
0.2188
0.2721
0.3307
0.3944
0.4633
0.5373
0.6162
0.7001
0.7889
0.8825
0.9809
1.0841
1.1921
2.5239
4.2974
6.49
9.10
12.10
15.49
19.26
23.41
27.92
32.80
38.04
43.62
49.56
55.85
62.48
69.45
76.75
84.39
178.68
304.23
459.71
644.13
856.69
###
###
###
###
###

0.0030
0.0040
0.0052
0.0064
0.0078
0.0093
0.0109
0.0127
0.0146
0.0165
0.0186
0.0208
0.0232
0.0256
0.0282
0.0596
0.1015
0.1534
0.2149
0.2859
0.37
0.46
0.55
0.66
0.77
0.90
1.03
1.17
1.32
1.48
1.64
1.81
1.99
4.22
7.19
10.86
15.22
20.24
25.91
32.22
39.15
46.70
54.86

Nominal Diam
inch
mm
1/4
6
3/8
9
1/2
12
5/8
15
3/4
19
1
25
1 1/4
32
1 1/2
38
2
50
2 1/2
63
3
75
Nominal Diam
inch
mm
1/4
6
3/8
9
1/2
12
5/8
15
3/4
19
1
25
1 1/4
32
1 1/2
38
2
50
2 1/2
63
3
75

Type
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
Type
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L

Inside Diameter
inch
mm
0.30512
7.75
0.40197 10.21
0.52717 13.39
0.65197 16.56
0.74488 18.92
0.99488 25.27
1.24488 31.62
1.4811
37.62
1.95906 49.76
2.43504 61.85
2.90709 73.84
Inside Diameter
inch
mm
0.31496
8
0.42992 10.92
0.54488 13.84
0.66614 16.92
0.78504 19.94
1.0252
26.04
1.26496 32.13
1.50512 38.23
1.98504 50.42
2.46496 62.61
2.94488
74.8

R PIPES

eneral not relevant.

2 1/2
61.849

3
73.8378

4
97.9678

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

0.0001
0.0003
0.0006
0.0010
0.0016
0.0022
0.0029
0.0038
0.0047
0.0057
0.0080
0.0106
0.0135
0.0168
0.0205
0.0244
0.0287
0.0332
0.0381

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0008
0.0010
0.0011

0.0000
0.0001
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0009
0.0012
0.0015
0.0019
0.0023
0.0033
0.0044
0.0056
0.0069
0.0084
0.0101
0.0118
0.0137
0.0157

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003

0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0008
0.0011
0.0014
0.0017
0.0021
0.0024
0.0029
0.0033
0.0038

0.0433
0.0576
0.0738
0.0917
0.1114
0.1329
0.1562
0.1811
0.2077
0.2360
0.2659
0.2974
0.3306
0.3654
0.4018
0.8506
1.4484
2.1886
3.0665
4.0785
5.22
6.49
7.89
9.41
11.05
12.82
14.70
16.70
18.82
21.06
23.41
25.87
28.44
60.22
102.54
154.94
217.09
288.74
369.65
459.64
558.56
666.26
782.63

0.0013
0.0017
0.0021
0.0027
0.0032
0.0038
0.0045
0.0052
0.0060
0.0068
0.0077
0.0086
0.0096
0.0106
0.0116
0.0246
0.0419
0.0633
0.0886
0.1179
0.1509
0.1877
0.2280
0.2720
0.3195
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.75
0.82
1.74
2.96
4.48
6.27
8.35
10.68
13.28
16.14
19.26
22.62

0.0179
0.0238
0.0304
0.0378
0.0460
0.0548
0.0644
0.0747
0.0856
0.0973
0.1096
0.1227
0.1363
0.1507
0.1657
0.3508
0.5972
0.9025
1.2645
1.6818
2.1531
2.6772
3.2534
3.8808
4.5585
5.29
6.06
6.89
7.76
8.68
9.65
10.67
11.73
24.83
42.28
63.89
89.52
119.06
152.42
189.53
230.32
274.74
322.72

0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0008
0.0009
0.0011
0.0013
0.0015
0.0017
0.0019
0.0021
0.0023
0.0026
0.0028
0.0060
0.0102
0.0154
0.0216
0.0287
0.0367
0.0456
0.0555
0.0662
0.0777
0.0901
0.1034
0.1174
0.1323
0.1480
0.1645
0.1818
0.1999
0.42
0.72
1.09
1.53
2.03
2.60
3.23
3.93
4.68
5.50

0.0043
0.0058
0.0074
0.0092
0.0112
0.0133
0.0157
0.0182
0.0208
0.0237
0.0267
0.0298
0.0332
0.0366
0.0403
0.0853
0.1453
0.2195
0.3075
0.4090
0.5236
0.6511
0.7913
0.9438
1.1087
1.2856
1.4745
1.6753
1.8877
2.1118
2.3473
2.5942
2.8525
6.04
10.28
15.54
21.77
28.96
37.07
46.10
56.02
66.82
78.49

COMPRESSED AIR PRESSU

The pressure drop in compressed air steel schedule 40 lines can be calculated by us
dp = 7.57 (q)1.85 (L) (104) / (d)5 (p)
Where:dp = pressure drop (kg/cm2)
q = air volume flow (m3/min)
L = length of pipe (m)
d = inside diameter of pipe (mm)
p = initial pressure (kg/cm2)
Initial
Pressure
Length

7.00918

(kg/cm2)

100.0000

100

(m)

328.08

Max.
Pressure
Drop

(kg/cm2)

14.267

(psi)Adjust pressure (kg/cm2)

(ft)

Adjust Length (m)

(psi)
Adjust pressure drop (kg/cm2)

Pressure Drop For Type L Copper Pipes

Volume Flow FAD
1/2
13.843

3/4
19.939

(m3/min)

(cfm)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.5
4

4
7
11
14
18
21
25
28
32
35
42
49
56
64
71
78
85
92
99
106
124
141

0.0300
0.1082
0.2291
0.3900
0.5893
0.8258
1.10
1.41
1.75
2.12
2.98
3.96
5.07
6.30
7.66
9.14
10.73
12.44
14.27
16.22
21.57
27.61

0.4282
1.5435
3.2680
5.5644
8.4082
11.7812
15.67
20.06
24.94
30.31
42.47
56.49
72.32
89.92
109.27
130.34
153.11
177.55
203.63
231.36
307.71
393.93

0.0048
0.0175
0.0369
0.0629
0.0951
0.1332
0.1772
0.2268
0.2820
0.3427
0.4802
0.6386
0.8176
1.0166
1.24
1.47
1.73
2.01
2.30
2.62
3.48
4.45

0.0691
0.2490
0.5271
0.8975
1.3562
1.9003
2.5274
3.2356
4.0234
4.8893
6.8506
9.1113
11.6645
14.5044
17.63
21.02
24.70
28.64
32.85
37.32
49.63
63.54

4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600

159
177
194
212
229
247
265
282
300
318
335
353
530
706
883
1059
1236
1412
1589
1765
1942
2118
2295
2471
2648
2824
3001
3177
3354
3530
5295
7060
8825
10590
12355
14120
15885
17650
19415
21180

34.33
41.72
49.77
58.46
67.79
77.75
88.34
99.54
111.35
123.77
136.79
150.41
318.45
542.23
819.34
1,148.03
1,526.87
1,954.74
2,430.64
2,953.74
3,523.29
4,138.64
4,799.18
5,504.38
6,253.75
7,046.83
7,883.20
8,762.46
9,684.25
10,648.23
22,544.79
38,386.89
58,005.13
81,274.01
###
###
###
###
###
###

489.84
595.26
710.04
834.05
967.16
1,109.28
1,260.30
1,420.12
1,588.67
1,765.87
1,951.64
2,145.90
4,543.38
7,735.98
11,689.58
16,378.89
21,783.91
27,888.24
34,677.93
42,140.97
50,266.78
59,045.92
68,469.91
78,531.05
89,222.29
100,537.14
112,469.58
125,014.01
138,165.21
151,918.28
321,646.53
547,665.70
827,559.19
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

5.54
6.73
8.03
9.43
10.93
12.54
14.25
16.06
17.96
19.96
22.06
24.26
51.37
87.46
132.16
185.18
246.28
315.30
392.06
476.44
568.31
667.56
774.11
887.86
1,008.73
1,136.65
1,271.56
1,413.38
1,562.07
1,717.56
3,636.47
6,191.80
9,356.22
13,109.49
17,435.62
22,321.46
27,755.86
33,729.21
40,233.02
47,259.75

79.01
96.01
114.53
134.53
156.00
178.93
203.29
229.07
256.25
284.83
314.80
346.13
732.85
1,247.81
1,885.53
2,641.91
3,513.74
4,498.37
5,593.55
6,797.34
8,108.03
9,524.10
11,044.19
12,667.05
14,391.55
16,216.64
18,141.34
20,164.75
22,286.04
24,504.41
51,881.57
88,338.45
133,485.25
187,033.15
248,754.05
318,460.27
395,992.92
481,214.59
574,004.44
674,254.86

D AIR PRESSURE DROP FOR TYPE L COPPER P

40 lines can be calculated by using the formula:-

Note:
1 Kg / cm2 = 98.0665 Kpa
Bar = 100 Kpa
Bar = 14.5 Psi
1 Kg / cm2 = 14.22334 Psi

essure (kg/cm2)
Length (m)

sure drop (kg/cm2)

Type L Copper Pipes

NOTE! Pressure drops above 1 kg/cm2 (14-15 psi) are in general

NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
1 1/4
1 1/2
32.131
38.227

1
26.035

2
50.419

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

0.0013
0.0046
0.0097
0.0166
0.0250
0.0351
0.0467
0.0598
0.0743
0.0903
0.1265
0.1683
0.2154
0.2679
0.3255
0.3883
0.4561
0.5289
0.6066
0.6892
0.9166
1.17

0.0182
0.0656
0.1389
0.2365
0.3573
0.5007
0.6659
0.8525
1.0600
1.2882
1.8049
2.4005
3.0732
3.8214
4.6439
5.5393
6.5067
7.5453
8.6540
9.8321
13.0767
16.74

0.0004
0.0016
0.0034
0.0058
0.0087
0.0123
0.0163
0.0209
0.0260
0.0315
0.0442
0.0588
0.0752
0.0936
0.1137
0.1356
0.1593
0.1847
0.2119
0.2407
0.3201
0.4098

0.0064
0.0229
0.0485
0.0826
0.1248
0.1749
0.2326
0.2978
0.3702
0.4499
0.6304
0.8384
1.0734
1.3347
1.6220
1.9347
2.2726
2.6354
3.0226
3.4341
4.5674
5.8472

0.0002
0.0007
0.0014
0.0024
0.0037
0.0051
0.0068
0.0088
0.0109
0.0132
0.0185
0.0247
0.0316
0.0392
0.0477
0.0569
0.0668
0.0775
0.0889
0.1010
0.1343
0.1719

0.0027
0.0096
0.0204
0.0347
0.0524
0.0734
0.0976
0.1249
0.1553
0.1888
0.2645
0.3518
0.4503
0.5600
0.6805
0.8117
0.9535
1.1056
1.2681
1.4407
1.9162
2.4531

0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0009
0.0013
0.0017
0.0022
0.0027
0.0033
0.0046
0.0062
0.0079
0.0098
0.0119
0.0143
0.0167
0.0194
0.0223
0.0253
0.0336
0.0431

1.46
1.77
2.12
2.48
2.88
3.30
3.75
4.23
4.73
5.26
5.81
6.39
13.53
23.04
34.82
48.79
64.89
83.07
103.30
125.53
149.73
175.88
203.95
233.92
265.77
299.47
335.02
372.38
411.56
452.52
958.10
1,631.35
2,465.07
3,453.94
4,593.74
5,881.01
7,312.80
8,886.59
10,600.14
12,451.46

20.82
25.30
30.17
35.44
41.10
47.14
53.56
60.35
67.51
75.05
82.94
91.20
193.08
328.76
496.78
696.06
925.76
1,185.18
1,473.72
1,790.89
2,136.21
2,509.30
2,909.80
3,337.37
3,791.72
4,272.58
4,779.67
5,312.78
5,871.67
6,456.14
13,669.17
23,274.41
35,169.18
49,277.37
65,538.89
83,904.30
###
###
###
###

0.5096
0.6193
0.7387
0.8677
1.0062
1.1541
1.3112
1.4775
1.6528
1.8372
2.0305
2.2326
4.73
8.05
12.16
17.04
22.66
29.01
36.08
43.84
52.30
61.43
71.24
81.70
92.83
104.60
117.01
130.06
143.75
158.05
334.64
569.79
860.99
1,206.37
1,604.48
2,054.08
2,554.17
3,103.86
3,702.36
4,348.98

7.2708
8.8356
10.5393
12.3800
14.3559
16.4654
18.7070
21.0793
23.5811
26.2113
28.9687
31.8522
67.44
114.83
173.51
243.12
323.34
413.95
514.73
625.51
746.12
876.44
1,016.32
1,165.66
1,324.35
1,492.30
1,669.42
1,855.62
2,050.82
2,254.97
4,774.29
8,129.16
12,283.69
17,211.32
22,891.06
29,305.62
36,440.40
44,282.74
52,821.52
62,046.85

0.2138
0.2598
0.3099
0.3640
0.4222
0.4842
0.5501
0.6199
0.6934
0.7708
0.8519
0.9367
1.9831
3.3766
5.10
7.15
9.51
12.17
15.14
18.39
21.94
25.77
29.89
34.28
38.94
43.88
49.09
54.57
60.31
66.31
140.39
239.05
361.22
506.12
673.14
861.76
###
###
###
###

3.0504
3.7068
4.4216
5.1939
6.0228
6.9078
7.8483
8.8435
9.8932
10.9966
12.1534
13.3632
28.2930
48.1743
72.79
102.00
135.66
173.67
215.95
262.42
313.03
367.70
426.38
489.04
555.61
626.08
700.38
778.50
860.40
946.04
2,002.99
3,410.48
5,153.46
7,220.78
9,603.64
###
###
###
###
###

0.0536
0.0651
0.0776
0.0912
0.1058
0.1213
0.1378
0.1553
0.1737
0.1931
0.2134
0.2347
0.4969
0.8460
1.2783
1.7911
2.3822
3.0498
3.7923
4.61
5.50
6.46
7.49
8.59
9.76
10.99
12.30
13.67
15.11
16.61
35.17
59.89
90.50
126.80
168.65
215.91
268.47
326.25
389.16
457.13

COPPER PIPES

5 psi) are in general not relevant.

2
50.419

2 1/2
62.611

3
74.803

4
99.187

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

0.0007
0.0024
0.0051
0.0087
0.0131
0.0184
0.0244
0.0313
0.0389
0.0473
0.0663
0.0881
0.1128
0.1403
0.1705
0.2034
0.2389
0.2770
0.3177
0.3610
0.4801
0.6146

0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.0016
0.0021
0.0027
0.0033
0.0040
0.0048
0.0057
0.0066
0.0075
0.0086
0.0114
0.0146

0.0002
0.0008
0.0017
0.0029
0.0044
0.0062
0.0083
0.0106
0.0132
0.0160
0.0224
0.0298
0.0382
0.0475
0.0577
0.0689
0.0809
0.0938
0.1076
0.1222
0.1626
0.2081

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0009
0.0011
0.0014
0.0017
0.0020
0.0023
0.0027
0.0031
0.0035
0.0047
0.0060

0.0001
0.0003
0.0007
0.0012
0.0018
0.0026
0.0034
0.0044
0.0054
0.0066
0.0092
0.0123
0.0157
0.0195
0.0237
0.0283
0.0332
0.0385
0.0442
0.0502
0.0668
0.0855

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0008
0.0009
0.0011
0.0015

0.0000
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0011
0.0013
0.0016
0.0022
0.0030
0.0038
0.0048
0.0058
0.0069
0.0081
0.0094
0.0108
0.0123
0.0163
0.0209

0.7642
0.9287
1.1078
1.3013
1.5090
1.7307
1.9663
2.2157
2.4786
2.7551
3.0449
3.3480
7.0886
12.0697
18.2381
25.5543
33.9872
43.5112
54.1045
65.75
78.43
92.12
106.83
122.52
139.20
156.86
175.47
195.05
215.57
237.02
501.83
854.47
1,291.16
1,809.11
2,406.11
3,080.36
3,830.30
4,654.62
5,552.15
6,521.84

0.0181
0.0220
0.0263
0.0309
0.0358
0.0411
0.0467
0.0526
0.0588
0.0654
0.0723
0.0795
0.1682
0.2865
0.4329
0.6065
0.8067
1.0327
1.2842
1.5605
1.8614
2.1865
2.5355
2.9081
3.3040
3.7230
4.1649
4.63
5.12
5.63
11.91
20.28
30.65
42.94
57.11
73.11
90.91
110.48
131.78
154.79

0.2588
0.3145
0.3751
0.4406
0.5110
0.5861
0.6658
0.7503
0.8393
0.9329
1.0311
1.1337
2.4004
4.0871
6.1759
8.6533
11.5089
14.7339
18.3211
22.2640
26.5570
31.1952
36.1741
41.4896
47.1380
53.1159
59.4200
66.05
73.00
80.26
169.93
289.34
437.22
612.61
814.77
1,043.08
1,297.03
1,576.17
1,880.09
2,208.45

0.0075
0.0091
0.0108
0.0127
0.0147
0.0169
0.0192
0.0216
0.0242
0.0269
0.0297
0.0326
0.0691
0.1177
0.1778
0.2492
0.3314
0.4243
0.5276
0.6411
0.7647
0.8983
1.0417
1.1947
1.3574
1.5295
1.7110
1.9019
2.1019
2.3112
4.89
8.33
12.59
17.64
23.46
30.04
37.35
45.39
54.14
63.59

0.1063
0.1292
0.1541
0.1810
0.2099
0.2408
0.2735
0.3082
0.3448
0.3833
0.4236
0.4658
0.9861
1.6791
2.5372
3.5550
4.7282
6.0531
7.5268
9.1466
10.9103
12.8158
14.8613
17.0450
19.3655
21.8214
24.4113
27.1341
29.9885
32.9736
69.81
118.87
179.62
251.68
334.73
428.53
532.86
647.53
772.39
907.29

0.0018
0.0022
0.0026
0.0031
0.0036
0.0041
0.0047
0.0053
0.0059
0.0066
0.0072
0.0080
0.0169
0.0287
0.0434
0.0608
0.0809
0.1035
0.1287
0.1564
0.1866
0.2191
0.2541
0.2915
0.3311
0.3731
0.4174
0.4640
0.5128
0.5638
1.1938
2.0326
3.0715
4.3036
5.72
7.33
9.11
11.07
13.21
15.51

0.0259
0.0315
0.0376
0.0442
0.0512
0.0587
0.0667
0.0752
0.0841
0.0935
0.1033
0.1136
0.2406
0.4096
0.6190
0.8673
1.1535
1.4767
1.8362
2.2314
2.6617
3.1266
3.6256
4.1583
4.7244
5.3236
5.9554
6.6197
7.3160
8.0443
###
###
###
###
81.66
104.54
130.00
157.97
188.43
221.34

Vg = 131 Z . Qg . T / (di2 . P)
Vg = Compressed air velocity, m/s
di = Pipe inside diameter, mm
Qg = Compressed air flow rate, m

T = Compressed air operating temperature,

P = Compressed air operating pressure, Kp
Z = Compressed air compressibility = 1

COMPR
Operating

Operating

Temperature, Pressure,
K
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15
373.15
383.15

Kpa
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00

Volume Flow Rate

(m3/hr)

(m3/min)

(cfm)

L/min

8.52
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00

0.1420
0.0333
0.0500
0.0667
0.0833
0.1000
0.1167
0.1333
0.1500

5.01
1.18
1.77
2.35
2.94
3.53
4.12
4.71
5.30

###
33.3333
50.0000
66.6667
83.3333
###
###
###
###

COMPR
Operating

Temperature, Pressure,
K
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15
373.15
383.15

Volume Flow Rate

Operating

Kpa
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00

(m3/hr)

(m3/min)

(cfm)

L/min

4.26
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00

0.0710
0.0333
0.0500
0.0667
0.0833
0.1000
0.1167
0.1333
0.1500

2.51
1.18
1.77
2.35
2.94
3.53
4.12
4.71
5.30

71.0000
33.3333
50.0000
66.6667
83.3333
###
###
###
###

. T / (di2 . P)

BS EN ISO
13703:2001

velocity, m/s

meter, mm
r flow rate, m3/h

operating temperature, 0K (0K = 273.16 + 0C)

operating pressure, Kpa
r compressibility = 1

COMPRESSED AIR VELOCITY FOR TYPE K COPP

NPS P

1/4

3/8
10.21

7.75
m/s
fps
56.3333
###
6.8300 22.4081

8.1386

26.7015

1/2
13.3858

3/4
18.923

m/s
32.46
3.94

fps
106.49
12.91

m/s
18.88
2.29

fps
61.95
7.51

m/s
9.45
1.15

fps
31.00
3.76

4.69

15.38

2.73

8.95

1.37

4.48

COMPRESSED AIR VELOCITY FOR TYPE L COPP

NPS P

1/4
8
m/s
fps
26.4337 86.7248
6.4098 21.0295

7.6379

25.0588

3/8
10.92

1/2
13.843

3/4
19.939

m/s
14.19
3.44

fps
46.55
11.29

m/s
8.83
2.14

fps
28.96
7.02

m/s
4.26
1.03

fps
13.96
3.39

4.10

13.45

2.55

8.37

1.23

4.03

Note:
Bar = 100000 Paa = 14.5 Psi

TYPE K COPPER PIPES IN m/sec

NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
1
25.273

1 1/4
31.623

1 1/2
37.6174

2
49.7586

2 1/2
61.849

m/s
5.30
0.64

fps
17.38
2.11

m/s
3.38
0.41

fps
11.10
1.35

m/s
2.39
0.29

fps
7.84
0.95

m/s
1.37
0.17

fps
4.48
0.54

m/s
0.88
0.11

0.77

2.51

0.49

1.60

0.35

1.13

0.20

0.65

0.13

TYPE L COPPER PIPES IN m/sec

NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
1
1 1/4
1 1/2
26.035
32.131
38.227

2
50.419

2 1/2
62.611

m/s
2.50
0.61

fps
8.19
1.99

m/s
1.64
0.40

fps
5.38
1.30

m/s
1.16
0.28

fps
3.80
0.92

m/s
0.67
0.16

fps
2.18
0.53

m/s
0.43
0.10

0.72

2.37

0.47

1.55

0.33

1.10

0.19

0.63

0.12

2 1/2
61.849

3
73.8378

4
97.9678

fps
2.90
0.35

m/s
0.62
0.08

fps
2.04
0.25

m/s
0.35
0.04

fps
1.16
0.14

0.42

0.09

0.29

0.05

0.17

2 1/2
62.611

3
74.803

4
99.187

fps
1.42
0.34

m/s
0.30
0.07

fps
0.99
0.24

m/s
0.17
0.04

fps
0.56
0.14

0.41

0.09

0.29

0.05

0.16

Sizing criteria for single-ph

1- Sizing considerations:
General:-

Single-phase gas lines should be sized so that the resulting end pressure is high enoug

requirements of the next piece of equipment. Excessive noise may result from restrictio

control valves, orifices etc. or from velocities exceeding 25 m/s; however, the velocity of

not be interpreted as an absolute criteria. Higher velocities are acceptable if pipe routing
and placement are done to minimize or isolate noise.

The design of any piping system where corrosion inhibition is expected to be utilized sh

installation of additional wall thickness in piping design and/or reduction of velocity to l

to reduce the effect of stripping inhibitor film from the pipe wall. In such systems, a wall
monitoring method should be instituted.

GAS

Specific Gravity (dg)

Air

Carbon Dioxide (CO2

1.5189

Carbon monoxide, C

0.9667

Natural gas (typical)

0.6 : 0.7

Nitric oxide (NO)

1.037

N2 (Pure)

0.9669

N2 (Atmospheric)

0.9723

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

O2

1.53
1.1044

Pressure drop equation:-

(P1)2 (P2)2 = 6 X 104 [(dg. qg. Z. T1 .f .L) (di)5] -----------------------------------------------------------

where
P1 is the upstream pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
P2 is the downstream pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
dg is the gas relative density (air = 1), dimensionless;

qg is the gas flow rate, expressed in cubic meters per hour (m 3/h) at normal conditi
Z is the compressibility factor for gas (see [11] for further information);
T1 is the flowing temperature, expressed in Kelvin (K); (K = 0C + 273.15)
f is the Moody friction factor, dimensionless (refer to Figure 3);
di is the pipe inside diameter, expressed in millimeters (mm);
L is the length, expressed in meters (m).

Velocity equation:Gas velocities may be calculated using the following derived equation:

where:vg is the gas velocity, expressed in meters per second (m/s);

di is the pipe inside diameter, expressed in millimeters (mm);

qg is the gas flow rate, expressed in cubic meters per hour (m 3/h) at normal c
T is the operating temperature, expressed in Kelvin (K); (K = 0C + 273.15)
p is the operating pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
Z is the gas compressibility factor (see [11] for further information).

2- General pressure drop equation:

where
p1 is the upstream pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
p2 is the downstream pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
dg is the gas relative density (air = 1,0), dimensionless;
qg is the gas flow rate, expressed in cubic metres per hour (m3/h) at norm
Z is the compressibility factor for gas (see [11] for further information);
T1 is the flowing temperature, expressed in kelvin (K);
f is the Moody friction factor, dimensionless (refer to Figure 3);
di is the pipe inside diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm);
L is the length, expressed in metres (m).
Rearranging equation (6) and solving for qg:

An approximation of equation (6) can be made when the change in pressu

If this is true, the assumption can be made:

Substituting in equation (6):

ngle-phase gas lines

ssure is high enough to satisfy the

result from restrictions such as

wever, the velocity of 25 m/s should

ptable if pipe routing, valve choice

cted to be utilized shall consider the

ction of velocity to less than 15 m/s

such systems, a wall thickness

--------------------------------------------- (6)

/h) at normal conditions;

+ 273.15)

ur (m 3/h) at normal conditions;

K = 0C + 273.15)

ormation).

BS EN ISO 13703

Pa (abs)];
[kPa (abs)];

ur (m3/h) at normal conditions;

er information);

change in pressure is less than 10 % of the inlet pressure.