ADC CS2204 Subject Notes

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALOG COMMUNICATION
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UNIT II DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION:
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FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING:
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UNIT III DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

INTRODUCTION:
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Delta Modulation (DM) :
Delta Modulation (DM) :
Let m[ n ] = m(nT s ) , n = 0,1,2,

where Ts is the sampling
period and m( nT s ) is a sample of m(t ).
The error signal is

e[ n ] = m[ n ] mq [ n 1]
(3.52)
eq [ n ] = sgn( e[ n ] )
mq [ n ] = mq [ n 1] +eq [ n ]
(3.53)
(3.54)
where mq [ n ] is the quantizer

the quantized
output , eq [ n ] is
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version of e[ n ] , and is the step size
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The modulator consists of a comparator, a quantizer, and an accumulator. The output of

the accumulator is
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Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (DPCM):

Usually PCM has the sampling rate higher than the Nyquist rate .The encode signal
contains redundant information. DPCM can efficiently remove this redundancy.
Figure 3.28 DPCM system. (a) Transmitter. (b) Receiver.
[n ]
e[n ] = m[n] m
[n] is a prediction
m
(3.74)
value.
The quantizer output is
eq [n] = e[n] + q[n]
(3.75)
where q[n] is quantizati on error.

The prediction filter input is
[n ] +e[n] +q[n] (3.77)
mq [ n] = m
m[n ]
mq [n] = m[ n] + q[ n]
(3.78)
Processing Gain:
The (SNR)
(SNR)
of the DPCM system is
M2
Q2
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(3.79)
where M2 and Q2 are variances of m[ n ] ( E[ m[ n]] = 0) and q n

(SNR)
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2 2
= ( M2 )( E2 )
E Q
= G p (SNR ) Q
s
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(3.80)
where E2 is the variance of the prediction s error
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and the signal - to - quantizati on noise ratio is
E2
Q2
tt
(SNR ) Q =
Processing Gain, G p =
(3.81)
M2
(3.82)
E2
Design a prediction filter to maximize G p (minimize E2 )

ADC CS2204 Subject Notes

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UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALOG COMMUNICATION

UNIT II DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING:

UNIT III DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Delta Modulation (DM) :

Delta Modulation (DM) :

Let m[ n ] = m(nT s ) , n = 0,1,2,

period and m( nT s ) is a sample of m(t ).

The error signal is

where mq [ n ] is the quantizer

version of e[ n ] , and is the step size

The modulator consists of a comparator, a quantizer, and an accumulator. The output of

Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (DPCM):

Figure 3.28 DPCM system. (a) Transmitter. (b) Receiver.

where q[n] is quantizati on error.

of the DPCM system is

where M2 and Q2 are variances of m[ n ] ( E[ m[ n]] = 0) and q n

where E2 is the variance of the prediction s error

and the signal - to - quantizati on noise ratio is

Design a prediction filter to maximize G p (minimize E2 )

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