MS 416 Pesawat angkat

SISTEM PULI,
PULI DRUM DAN TALI

Tito Shantika, Meng

Mechanical Engineering Department

Komponen pesawat angkat pada

umumnya:

Perlengkapan Pengangkat Fleksible (misal Tali kawat

baja)
Puli, Sistem puli, sproket dan Drum
Kait (hook) untuk Muatan
Alat Penghenti (Rem)
Motor Penggerak
gg
Sistem Transmisi (poros, bantalan, kopling dan
sebagainya)
R l dan
Rel
d atau
t roda
d penggerakk
Struktur atau rangka pesawat angkat
Alat Kendali (control equipment)

Sistem puli
p

Sistem Pully
y Drums
Pada saat naik

W berat beban & berat lower

block,
P gaya pada winding drum
loss coefficient.

Pada saat turun

Part line

Rope
p force
If n is taken as the number of parts of line supporting the load and m is the number of
180 turns taken by the rope between the upper block and the drum (turning angles
for each of the sheaves are added to find the number of 180 multiples), then

raising the load:

simplified

lowering
g the load:

simplified
i lifi d

Friction coefficient

The loss coefficient can vary from a high of about

4% of rope load for a sheave mounted on
bronze bushings
g to a low of as little as 0.9% for a
sheave on precision ball or roller bearings.
An arbitrary
y value of 2% is a reasonable
approximation for sheaves on common ball or roller
bearings when the rope makes a turn of 180.

example
p

example
p

example
p

DRUMS AND SHEAVES

Drums

Fleet angle
g

When using a pivoted block, one must be sure that it is set close enough to
the drum to provide at least 12 of fleet angle in the maximum layover
position.
iti TToo smallll a fl
fleett angle
l will
ill cause th
the wraps tto pile
il up att th
the fl
flange
(particularly at low loading levels), whereas an adequate angle will guide
the rope away from the flange.

Drum capacity
p y

-L is drum capacity [feet ]

-dimensions D,
D E and B [inch]
-the spooling factor (s) is taken from Table 1.1 or
calculated
- d as the actual rope diameter.
-Table 1.1 assumes new rope and includes a rope
diameter oversize factor of 5%.

Spooling
p
g factor

maximum q
quantityy of rope
p
The first case involves the maximum quantity of rope
th t can be
that
b stored
t d on a drum
d
when
h the
th hoist
h i t is
i nott in
i
operation. Dimension C is taken as zero (Max
capascity

The second case is used to determine the

maximum q
quantityy of rope
p that can be spooled
p
onto the drum of an operating winch. C is taken
as in (12.7 mm) or preferably as one rope
diameter, and
The third case is used to estimate the quantity
of rope found on a drum.

Line Pull
Hoist drums are rated byy line ppull ((the tension the drum is capable
p
of applying
pp y g to a
rope leading onto it) and by line speed.
T rated torque
Pr line
li pullll on the
th first
fi t llayer,
D Dia. Drum
d rope diameter.
for a system with nominal rope diameter d and with consistent dimensional units. The
usable line pull Pu at any other drum layer is found from

drum speed
p
& line speed
p
Vu
the
h d
drum speed
d in
i revolutions
l i
per minute
i
iis given
i
b
by
drum speed [rpm]
Vr rated first-layer
y line speed
p
[feet per
p minute]
D drum dimensions [inches]
d rope diameter [inches]

The line speed Vu at any other rope layer

Sheaves

Sheaves are used to change

g the direction of travel of wire
ropes. Assembled in multiples, in the form of blocks, they are
able to provide almost any required mechanical advantage.
Sh
Sheaves
rotate about
b their
h i mounting
i shafts
h f on b
bushings
hi
or
bearings. A reasonable value for friction loss at bushings can
be taken as 412%, while bearings produce losses of 1% to
2%, depending upon their quality and the conditions of
service. These losses are rough average figures for ropes
making a bend of 180
180 over the sheave and can be reduced
for smaller turning angles. Actual friction losses are a function
of the style of rope, the ratio of sheave to rope diameter, and
the
h bearing
b i type.

Service life
curve

The ratio of the relative rope

p lives (Lr)
( )

where r1 and r2 are the D/d ratios being compared and Lr is the ratio
of the relative rope lives.

Blocks

TERIMAKASIH