Topic

Topic33

3.1 Fractions
Reading Fractions
A fraction is made up of a numerator
and a denominator
(a)
2 is read as two over five
5

2
5

(b)
3 is read as three over four
4
or , three quarters.

3
4

numerator
denominator

numerator

denominator

Representing Fractions With Diagrams

A fraction is the number that represent

parts of a whole.
We can represent a fraction with a diagram. For
example, means 1 out of 4 equal parts. Look
at the diagram below. It can be drawn to
represent a fraction.
Divided into 4
equal parts and
1 part is
shaded.
The shaded part represent 1
4

Representing Fractions With Diagrams

A fraction is the number that represent

parts of a whole.
Drawing suitable diagram to represent the
fractions.

2
3
5
7

3
8

Writing Fractions For Diagrams

A fraction is the number that represent

parts of a whole.
Example: Write the fraction that represent the
shaded parts for each of the following.

1
3
9
14

4
8

1
2

3.2 Equivalent Fractions

In the diagrams below, the shaded parts
are equal size. There for, 1 = 2 = 4
2 4 8
1,2,4
are equivalent fractions,
because they are the
2 4 8
same value.
1
2

A whole part

2
4

4
8

3.2 Equivalent Fractions

Finding equivalent fractions for a given
fraction.
X4

1 = 6
2 12

5 = 20
24
6

27 = 3
36 4

X6

X4

Examples:

X6

Therefore,

6
12

is equivalent to 1
2

Therefore,

20
24

is equivalent to 5
6

Therefore,

3
4

is equivalent to 27
36

Fractions
Comparing the values of two given
fractions.
Which is greater, 2 or 3 ?
3
4
Solution:
Change these fractions into equivalent
fractions with the same denominator.

2
3
3
4

2x4
8
=
3x4
12
3x3 = 9
4x3
12

9 is greater than 8 .
12
12
Therefore, 3 is greater
4
than 2 .
3

Fractions
Arranging Fractions in Order
A number line can be used to arrange fractions
in order.

a)

1
6

2
6

3
6

4
6

5
6

6
6

A whole divided into six equal parts.

b)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

A whole divided into ten equal parts.

Fractions

Arranging Fractions in Order

A number line can be used to arrange fractions
in order.
Example: 3 , 7 , 1 , 4 , 9 , 3 ,
Arrange 10 10 5 5 10 5 in increasing order
Solution:
A whole divided into ten equal parts.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
1
5

Therefore,

3
5

4
5

1 , 3 , 3 , 7 , 4 , 9 , are arranged in increasing order

5 10 5 10 5 10

Fractions

Simplifying Fractions To Lowest Term

Lowest term is the simplest form. The
numerator and denominator have no common
factor other than 1.
Example:
Simplify 16 to lowest term.
28
Solution:
Find the HCF of 16 and 28.

2 16 , 28
2

8 , 14
4 , 7

HCF = 2 x 2 = 4

16 = 16 4 = 4
28 28 4 7

3.3 Mixed Numbers

A Mixed numbers has a whole number

and a proper fraction.
Example of mixed numbers are:
3 1, 1 2, 2 7, 4 1
4
3
2
8
A whole number

3 1 =

Represent the
whole number

A fraction

Represent the
fraction

3.4 Proper and Improper Fractions

A proper fraction is a fraction in which the numerator
is smaller than the denominator
Example of proper fractions are:
5,
3 ,
17 , 11
9
13
18
29
An improper fraction is a fraction in which the numerator
is equal to or greater than the denominator
Example of improper fractions are:
7,
8 ,
21 , 31
4
3
8
27

3.4 Proper and Improper Fractions

Changing Mixed Numbers Into Improper Fractions
Mixed Number

2 3
8

8 parts represent
a whole

19
8
Divide into 8 equal parts

Improper
fraction

3.4 Proper and Improper Fractions

Changing Mixed Numbers Into Improper Fractions
Example:
Write 2 5 as an improper fraction.
8
Solution:
=(8x2)+5
5
2
8
8
= 16 + 5
8
= 21
8

3.4 Proper and Improper Fractions

Changing Improper Fractions Into Mixed Numbers
Example:
Write 29

as a mixed number.

12
Solution:
29 = 29 12
12
The
denominator
is the same.

5
2
= 12

2
12 29
24
5
2 5

12

3.5 Addition and Subtraction

of Fractions

+
1
5

2
5

3
5

For fractions with common denominators,

we add the numerators and leave the
numerator unchanged.

3.5 Addition and Subtraction

of Fractions

Example 2:

Example 1:

3
5

=
=

+3
10

6 + 3
10 10
9
10

33
5

=3

- 1
4

+ 12
20

=3 +
7
= 320

-5

7
20

20

3.6 Multiplication and Division

of Fractions

Example 2:

Example 1:

=
=

x 2
9

8
9

2
9

=
=
=

23
4

11
4

11 x 8
41 3
22
3

Reciprocal
of 3 is 8
8
3

3.7 Combined Operations

2 x 6 3 =
5 11 5

Example:

Solution:
2
5

6 3
11
5
2

21 x 6 x 5
5
11
3

2
1

4
11

2 x 1
11
1

1
1

Reciprocal of 3 is 5
5
3

3.7 Combined Operations

Example:
In a hall, there are 350 students, 2 of students are
5
Malays. 3 are Chinese and the rest are Indians.
7
The number of Indians students in the hall is,
Solution:
Fraction of Indians = 1 - 2 - 3
1
5 7
So, the number
of Indian
= 35 - 14 15
students is,
35
= 6 x 350
35
= 6
= 60 students.
35