#

QUESTION

Which of the following muscles are

involved in producing horizontal
wrinkles on the forehead?

What do the geniohyoid,

hyoglossus and stylohoid muscles
have in common?

Posterior ethmoidal paranasal

sinuses drain into the:

Which of the following is true

about paranasal sinuses?

Which salivary gland(s) produces

the most saliva in unstimulated
saliva?

Which salivary gland(s) produces

the most saliva in stimulated
saliva?

Which of the following is true?

The deep part of the

submandibular salivary gland lies
between the mylohoid and which
of the following muscles?

ANSWERS
a) Zygomaticus major
b) The frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle
c) Buccinator
d) Temporalis
e) Orbicularis oris
a) All act on the tongue
b) All names indicate relative size
of the muscle
c) All names reflect direction of
muscle fibres
d) Each acts synergistically to
elevate the jaw
e) All are attached to the styloid
process
a) Middle meatus
b) Inferior meatus
c) Superior meatus
d) Frontal sinus
e) Maxillary sinus
a) Paranasal sinuses are found in
maxillary, ethmoid and lacrimal
bones
b) Paranasal sinuses contain
passages acting as one-way
valves
c) Paranasal sinuses open into the
oral cavity
d) Paranasal sinuses enhance the
resonance of the voice and
lighten the skull
e) Paranasal sinuses collect
venous blood
a) Minor glands
b) Parotid
c) Pituitary glands
d) Sublingual
e) Submandibular
a) Minor glands
b) Parotid
c) Pituitary glands
d) Sublingual
e) Submandibular
a) Mucins are polysaccharides
b) Mucins are hydrophobic
c) Mucins have a complex tertiary
structure
a) Constrictor
b) Hyoglossus
c) Palatoglossus
d) Styloglossus
e) Stylopharyngeus

Pyruvate dehydrogenate complex

converts pyruvate to:

1
0

In gluconeogenesis pyruvate is
converted to oxaloacetate in
which cellular compartment?

1
1

How many ATP molecules are used

in one turn of the urea cycle?

1
2

Parathyroid Hormone: 70%

1
3

Metaphase is when:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a)
b)
c)

d)
e)

1
4

Which of the following is a purine

nucleoside?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a)
b)

1
5

Which of the following is true?

c)
d)

1
6

Oxidative deamination involves:

e)
a)
b)
c)
d)

NADH, ATP and Acetyl CoA

CO2, ATP and NADH
CO2, NADH and Acetyl CoA
ATP and NASH
CO2 and Acetyl CoA
Golgi complex
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
2 ATPs
3 ATPS
4 ATPs
5 ATPs
6 ATPs
Stimulates osteclastic bone
resorption
Secretion is stimulated by a rise
in circulating Ca2+ levels
Inhibits D3 formatiin
Stimulates lipolysis
Causes rickets
The cell synthesises DNA
The centromeres divide
Identical sets of chromosomes
move to opposite poles of the
cell
Centromeres of chromatids line
up at the midline of the cell
Chromosomes resume
chromatin form
Adenine
Guanosine
Cytidine
Thymidine
Uridine
Euchromatin usually contains
DNA with inactive genes
Nucleolus is enclosed within a
membrane structure inside the
nucleus
Genes are present in both the
nuclear and mitochondrial DNA
Some genes contain only
introns
All genes encode proteins
Conversion of pyrucate into
acetyl Co
Conversion of glutamate into
glutamine
Conversion of aspartate into
asparagine
Conversion of glutamate into

e)
a)

b)
1
7

Calcitonin is a relatively small

polypeptide which:

c)

d)
e)
a)

b)

c)
1
8

Which of the following is false?

d)

e)

a)
b)
1
9

c)
Suxamethonium:
d)
e)

2
0

Which of the following statements

is correct?

a)

b)

c)

alpha-ketoglutarate and
ammonia
Conversion of ammonia into
urea
Increases bone resorption and
increase Ca2+ section from the
kidneys
Increases bone resorption by
inducing osteoclast activity
Decreases bone resorption by
inhibiting osteoclast activity
and increases calcium excretion
by the kidneys
Does not influence calcium
excretion
Suppresses osteoblast activity
Inheritance material in bacteria
can be destroyed by
deoxyribonuclease
At the 2 carbon position of a
DNA nucleotide is linked to a
hydrogen atom
In a DNA double helix molecule,
the sugar-phosphate backbones
are responsible for holding the
two DNA strands together
During DNA polymerisation,
new nucleotides are added to
the 3-carbon of the existing
polynucleotide
During DNA replication, both
strands of DNA are used as
templates for DNA synthesis
Is a selective muscarinic
receptor agonist
Is a competitive antagonist at
ganglionic nicotinic receptors
Is a depolarising blocker at
neuromuscular junction endplate
Is only hydrolysed by
acetylcholinesterase in the liver
Its effects can be reversed by
injecting neostigmine
For a maximum response all of
the receptors on a tissue must
be stimulated
Physiological antagonism is
exhibited by salbutamol in
asthma
Tubocurare is active when given

2
1

The mechanism of action of

ipratropium in the treatment of
asthma is:

2
2

Antibiotics that act by inhibiting

the RNA polymerase enzyme
include:

2
3

Which of the following statements

is correct?

2
4

In smooth muscle contraction,

Ca2+ binds to:

2
5

The bronchus, pulmonary artery

and pulmonary vein are in close
proximity to one another in the?

2
6

Which best describes the space

that the heart occupies?

2
7

What constitutes the primary

muscle of respiration?

orally
d) Competitic antagonists displace
Dose-Response curves in a nonparallel manner
e) Metabolic antagonism is due to
reduced liver function
a) Relaxation of smooth muscle by
stimulation of B2
adrenoreceptors
b) Reduction in the release of
inflammatory mediators
c) Membrane stabilisation of the
mast cell
d) Inhibition of the effect of the
vagus
e) Inhibition of the
phosphodiesterase enzyme
a) Erythromycin
b) Metronidazole
c) Penicillin G
d) Rifampicin
e) Vancomycin
a) Omeprazole is an antacid
b) Histamine release from mast
cells stimulates H2 receptors on
the parietal cell
c) Prostaglandin E increases the
production of gastric acid
d) Pirenzapine is a proton pump
inhibitor
e) Carbenoloxone inhibits the
effect of the vagus on the
pancreas
a) Myosin
b) Actin
c) Calmodulin
d) Tropomyosin
e) Troponin
a) Hilum
b) Apex
c) Inferior lobe
d) Base
e) Oblique fissure
a) Anterior mediastinum
b) Posterior mediastinum
c) Inferior mediastinum
d) Superior mediastinum
e) Middle mediastinum
a) Innermost intercostal
b) Internal intercostal
c) External intercostal
d) Diaphragm
e) Abdominal

2
8

Small increases in the pulmonary

venous pressure can result in
considerable changes to the
driving pressure because?

2
9

How and why can increased

alveolar pressure affect alveolar
blood flow?

3
0

During normal quiet breathing, the

volume of air that is moved
between inspiration and expiration
is known as:

3
1
3
2

a) Blood flow is related to the

fourth power of the radius of
the vessel
b) The pressure difference
between the pulmonary artery
and capillary is small
c) Gravity exerts an influence on
the blood distribution in the
lungs
d) The lungs are able to recruit
vessels to reduce blood
pressure
e) Feedback mechanisms increase
cardiac output
a) Decrease blood flow by
compressing alveolar vessels
b) Decrease blood flow because
there is a higher partial
pressure of oxygen
c) Increase blood flow to
compensate for lower carbon
dioxide partial pressure
d) Increase blood flow to supply
the heart with more oxygen
e) Decrease blood flow to reduce
pulmonary blood pressure
a) Vital capacity
b) Inspiratory reserve volume
c) Expiratory reserve volume
d) Functional reserve volume
e) Tidal volume

Succinctly describe DNA replication. (2 marks)

Name 4 key factors involved in DNA replication and briefly describe their
roles. (8 marks)