1. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.

Cardiovascular
disease
includes
coronary
artery
diseases (CAD)
such
as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack).[1] Other CVDs are
stroke, hypertensive
heart
disease, rheumatic
heart
disease, cardiomyopathy, heart
arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery
disease and venous thrombosis.
2. A diuretic is any substance that promotes the production of urine. This includes forced
diuresis. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion
of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct way. Alternatively,
anantidiuretic such as vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone, is an agent or drug which reduces
the excretion of water in urine.
3. The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (1 adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB1, is a betaadrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it. It is a G-protein coupled
receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein and is expressed predominantly in
cardiac tissue.
4. Beta blockers (also -blockers, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta antagonists, betaadrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, or beta adrenergic receptor
antagonists) are a class of drugs that are particularly used for the management of cardiac
arrhythmias, protecting the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first
heart attack (secondary prevention).[1] They have been used in hypertension, but are no longer
a treatment of first choice.
Beta blockers block the action of endogenous catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline)
and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) onadrenergic beta receptors, of the sympathetic nervous
system, which mediates the fight-or-flight response.[4][5] Some block all activation of -adrenergic
receptors and others are selective.
5. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Arteries are blood
vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body. Plaque is made
up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque
hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your organs and
other parts of your body. Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems, including heart
attack, stroke, or even death.
6. Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart
attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle.
The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm,
back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few
minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may
include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired.[1] About 30% of
people have atypical symptoms,[2] with women more likely than men to present atypically.
[3]
Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of
symptoms.[4] An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.

7. Plasminogen (PLG) is a glycoprotein (molecular weight 92 kDa) synthesized in the liver, and
it circulates in the blood, with a half-life of 2.2 days. Plasminogen is the precursor of plasmin,
which lyses fibrin clots to fibrin degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer; the conversion to
active protease is mediated by tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen
activators. Generated plasmin is quickly inactivated by its main inhibitor alpha2-antiplasmin.