Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
(Sample Paper)
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
This paper must be answered in English.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1.
There are TWO sections, A and B, in this Paper. Section A carries 36 marks and Section B carries 84
marks. You are advised to finish Section A in about 45 minutes and Section B in about 105 minutes.
2.
Section A consists of multiple-choice questions in this question book, while Section B contains
conventional questions printed separately in Question-Answer Book B.
3.
Answers to Section A should be marked on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet while answers to Section B
should be written in the spaces provided in Question-Answer Book B. The Answer Sheet for Section A
and the Question-Answer Book for Section B must be handed in separately at the end of the
examination.
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet carefully. Stick a barcode label and insert the information
required in the spaces provided.
2.
When told to open this book, you should check that all the questions are there. Look for the words END OF
SECTION A after the last question.
3.
4.
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. You should use an HB pencil to mark all your answers on the Answer
Sheet. Wrong marks must be completely erased.
5.
You should mark only ONE answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will receive
NO MARKS for that question.
6.
Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority
All Rights Reserved 2008
1
Upon cracking, one molecule of decane (C10H22) gives two molecules of propene and one molecule of an
alkane ( X ). What is X ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
In which of the following compounds does sulphur exhibit the lowest oxidation number ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
Na2S2O3
MgSO4
KHSO3
H2S2O7
Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of procedures to separate sand, salt and water
from a mixture of sand and salt solution ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
C4H6
C4H 10
C7H 14
C7H 16
filtration, evaporation
filtration, distillation
crystallisation, filtration
crystallisation, filtration, distillation
...
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
...
1,1-dimethylethene
1,2-dimethylethene
methylpropene
but-1-ene
silver strip
dish 1
5.
yellow
brown
red
blue
dish 1 only
dish 2 only
dish 1 and dish 3 only
dish 2 and dish 4 only
The atomic number of an element X is 18. An atom of X has a mass number of 40. The atom has
A.
B.
C.
D.
8.
magnesium strip
dish 4
7.
copper strip
dish 3
If the iron nail rusts, what would the colour of the rust indicator be around the nail ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.
zinc strip
dish 2
The following hazard warning labels are displayed on the reagent bottle of an acid.
CORROSIVE
OXIDISING
What information about this acid can be obtained from the labels ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
70
60
11.
50
40
30
20
10
0
206
208
207
206.8
207.0
207.3
207.5
Which of the following combinations concerning the set-up shown below is correct after a current has
flowed through the external circuit for some time ?
V
copper rod
silver rod
A.
B.
C.
D.
13.
Mass of anode
increases
decreases
increases
decreases
no change
no change
becomes lighter
becomes lighter
Standard enthalpy changes of several reactions, as denoted by x, y and z respectively, are listed in the table
below.
Standard enthalpy change / kJ mol1
Reaction
O2(g)
CO2(g)
O2(g)
H2O(l)
C(s) + 2H2(g)
CH4(g)
C(s) +
H2(g) +
1
2
For the reaction CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l), which of the following is a reasonable estimate
of its standard enthalpy change ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
14.
x+ y
x y +
x + 2y
x 2y
500 cm3 of calcium hydroxide solution contains 3.7 g of calcium hydroxide. What is the molarity of the
solution ?
(Relative atomic masses :
A.
B.
C.
D.
15.
z
z
z
z
H = 1.0,
O = 16.0,
Ca = 40.1)
0.05 M
0.10 M
0.13 M
0.26 M
Which of the following samples of gases contains the smallest number of molecules ?
(Relative atomic masses :
A.
B.
C.
D.
H = 1.0,
C = 12.0,
N = 14.0,
O = 16.0,
S = 32.1)
10 g of NO2
10 g of CO2
10 g of H2S
10 g of C2H4
5
Which of the following types of apparatus should be used to measure 25.0 cm3 of the toilet cleaner ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
17.
18.
19.
pipette
burette
measuring cylinder
volumetric flask
1.29 M
2.58 M
5.15 M
10.3 M
In an experiment, 10.0 g of KCl(s) was added to 100 cm3 of water. The mixture was then stirred until all
the KCl(s) dissolved. The temperature of the mixture was found to drop by 5.5C. What is the molar
enthalpy change, in kJ mol1, of the dissolving process of KCl(s) under the conditions of the experiment ?
(Specific heat capacity of the mixture = 4.2 J g1 K1 ; Density of water = 1.0 g cm3 ;
Relative atomic masses: K = 39.1, Cl = 35.5)
A.
B.
C.
D.
20.
2.31
2.54
17.23
18.96
A black powder is suspected to be carbon or a mixture of carbon and copper(II) oxide. Which of the
following methods can be used to identify the black powder ?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
carbon electrode Y
dilute hydrochloric acid
carbon electrode X
dilute hydrochloric acid
gel containing copper(II) dichromate
22.
Iodine is a solid at room temperature and pressure. Which of the following statements concerning the
structure of iodine is/are correct ?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
Directions : Each question below (Questions 23 to 24) consists of two separate statements. Decide
whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not
the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option
from A to D according to the following table :
A.
B.
C.
D.
Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
Both statements are false.
1st statement
2nd statement
END OF PART I
Which of the following changes will NOT increase the initial rate of the reaction between 50 cm3 of 1 M
HCl(aq) and excess calcium carbonate granules ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
26.
27.
CH3CH2CHBrCH3
CH3CH2CH2CHO
CH3CH2CHBrCH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
3
4
5
6
29.
CH3CH2CH=CH2
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2CHOHCH3
CH3CH2CH2CO2H
A compound with an ester functional group has a molecular formula of C4H8O2 . What is the number of
possible structures of the compound ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
28.
addition
oxidation
dehydration
substitution
2C(g)
H = +200 kJ mol-1
What would be the effect on the rates of the forward and backward reactions if the temperature of the
system were lowered ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreases
decreases
decreases
increases
increases
no change
decreases
decreases
Hydrogen, methane and butane are commonly used fuels. Which of the following statements is correct ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
31.
reagent A
ethanol
CO2(g) + Q
Which of the following correctly describes the reagent A and the product Q ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Reagent A
Product Q
dehydrating agent
dehydrating agent
oxidising agent
oxidising agent
ethene
ethane
sodium ethanoate
ethanoic acid
32.
volume of water
concentration
volume
1.0 M
80 cm3
10 cm3
1.5 M
60 cm3
30 cm3
2.5 M
30 cm3
60 cm3
3.0 M
20 cm3
70 cm3
In which of the above conical flasks does the reaction proceed at the fastest rate ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
33.
W
X
Y
Z
Which of the following apparatus should be used when carrying out the above experiment in addition to
the conical flasks ?
(1)
(2)
(3)
syringe
stop watch
measuring cylinder
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following statements is / are correct concerning the members of the homologous series of
alkenes ?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
Directions : Each question below (Questions 35 to 36) consists of two separate statements. Decide
whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not
the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option
from A to D according to the following table :
A.
B.
C.
D.
Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
Both statements are false.
1st statement
2nd statement
END OF PART II
END OF SECTION A
10
11
12
Be
9.0
12
Mg
24.3
20
Ca
40.1
38
Sr
87.6
56
Ba
137.3
88
Ra
(226)
**
Li
6.9
11
Na
23.0
19
K
39.1
37
Rb
85.5
55
Cs
132.9
87
Fr
(223)
II
GROUP
58
Ce
140.1
90
Th
232.0
21
Sc
45.0
39
Y
88.9
57 *
La
138.9
89 **
Ac
(227)
59
Pr
140.9
91
Pa
(231)
22
Ti
47.9
40
Zr
91.2
72
Hf
178.5
104
Rf
(261)
29
Cu
63.5
47
Ag
107.9
79
Au
197.0
30
Zn
65.4
48
Cd
112.4
80
Hg
200.6
5
6
IV
7
V
8
VI
9
VII
60
Nd
144.2
92
U
238.0
23
V
50.9
41
Nb
92.9
73
Ta
180.9
105
Db
(262)
61
Pm
(145)
93
Np
(237)
24
Cr
52.0
42
Mo
95.9
74
W
183.9
62
Sm
150.4
94
Pu
(244)
25
Mn
54.9
43
Tc
(98)
75
Re
186.2
63
Eu
152.0
95
Am
(243)
26
Fe
55.8
44
Ru
101.1
76
Os
190.2
64
Gd
157.3
96
Cm
(247)
27
Co
58.9
45
Rh
102.9
77
Ir
192.2
65
Tb
158.9
97
Bk
(247)
28
Ni
58.7
46
Pd
106.4
78
Pt
195.1
66
Dy
162.5
98
Cf
(251)
67
Ho
164.9
99
Es
(252)
68
Er
167.3
100
Fm
(257)
B
10.8
13
Al
27.0
31
Ga
69.7
49
In
114.8
81
Tl
204.4
69
Tm
168.9
101
Md
(258)
C
12.0
14
Si
28.1
32
Ge
72.6
50
Sn
118.7
82
Pb
207.2
70
Yb
173.0
102
No
(259)
N
14.0
15
P
31.0
33
As
74.9
51
Sb
121.8
83
Bi
209.0
71
Lu
175.0
103
Lr
(260)
O
16.0
16
S
32.1
34
Se
79.0
52
Te
127.6
84
Po
(209)
F
19.0
17
Cl
35.5
35
Br
79.9
53
I
126.9
85
At
(210)
He
4.0
10
Ne
20.2
18
Ar
40.0
36
Kr
83.8
54
Xe
131.3
86
Rn
(222)
III
H
1.0
0
2
atomic number
PERIODIC TABLE
Candidate Number
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 ( S a m p l e P a p e r )
SECTION B : Question-Answer Book B
This paper must be answered in English.
INSTRUCTIONS
Question No.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(6)
(7)
10
11
12
13
14
Total
Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority
All Rights Reserved 2008
Markers
Use Only
Examiners
Use Only
Marker No.
Examiner No.
Marks
Marks
PART I
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Explain your answer in each case.
(a)
The melting point of sodium chloride is much higher than that of methane because the ionic
bonding in sodium chloride is much stronger than the covalent bonding in methane.
(b)
When concentrated sulphuric acid is diluted, water should be added slowly to the acid.
(c)
A is a stronger acid than B, so that pH of an aqueous solution of A must be lower than that of B.
Answers
written
in the
margins
marked.
Answers
written
in the
margins
willwill
notnot
be be
marked.
1.
(6 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
Draw the electronic diagram of ethene, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
(b)
(c)
State ONE property of polyethene that makes it suitable for making shopping bags.
(d)
(i)
(ii)
Give ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of the way you have suggested in (i).
2.
(6 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
X, Y and Z are three different metals. The table below lists the results of three experiments carried out
using the metals or their oxides.
Experiment
formation of a
colourless gas
no observable change
no observable change
Adding metal to
copper(II) sulphate
solution
formation of a
colourless gas and a
reddish brown solid
formation of a reddish
brown solid
no observable change
no observable change
formation of a solid
with metallic lustre
formation of a solid
with metallic lustre
(a)
What is the colourless gas formed when X is added to cold water ? Suggest a test for the gas.
(b)
Name the type of reaction that occurs when the oxide of Y is heated with carbon powder.
(c)
Arrange the three metals in order of increasing reactivity. Explain your answer.
(d)
(7 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
3.
4.
A student used the set-up shown below to conduct a microscale experiment on electrolysis.
d.c. supply
carbon rod B
carbon rod A
(a)
(b)
(i)
The initial colour of the drop shown above was green. State the colour change of the
liquid around carbon rod A after a current was passed through the circuit for some time.
Explain your answer with the help of a half equation.
(ii)
A gas was liberated at carbon rod B. What was the gas ? Explain its formation.
Some objects readily available in daily life contain carbon rods which can be used in this
experiment. Suggest ONE such object.
(6 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
microscope
slide
(a)
(b)
Assuming that the heat capacity of the calorimeter is negligible, calculate the enthalpy change of
combustion of ethanol, in kJ mol1, under the conditions of the experiment.
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g1 K1)
(c)
(6 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
5.
6.
A negatively charged rod was brought near a jet of water running out from a burette. The jet of water
was deflected as shown :
(a)
With reference to the structure of water, explain why the jet of water was deflected.
(b)
State the effect on the jet of water if the negatively charged rod is replaced by a positively
charged rod. Explain your answer.
(c)
If hexane is used instead of water and a negatively charged rod is brought near the liquid jet,
would the liquid jet be deflected ? Explain your answer.
(6 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
water
7.
drawing a three-dimensional diagram for the structure of each solid substance, and
(b)
Solid substance
diamond
graphite
caesium chloride
(6 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
For each of the following experiments, state an expected observation and write a chemical equation for the
reaction involved.
(a)
(b)
8.
(4 marks)
9.
There are four unlabelled reagent bottles each containing one of the white solids listed below :
ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium hypochlorite and sodium sulphate
Suggest how you would carry out tests to distinguish the four solids from one another.
(9 marks)
10
END OF PART I
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
11
PART II
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
10.
P(g) reacts with Q(g) irreversibly to give R(g). A mixture of P(g) and Q(g) is allowed to react in a closed
container of volume 1 dm3 kept at a constant temperature. The graph below shows the changes in
concentrations of P(g), Q(g) and R(g) in the container with time.
0.50
0.40
P(g)
0.30
0.20
Q(g)
0.10
R(g)
0.00
10
20
30
40
time / minutes
(a)
With reference to the above graph, deduce the chemical equation for the reaction in terms of P(g),
Q(g) and R(g).
(b)
If the mixture of P(g) and Q(g) is allowed to react at the same temperature but in a closed container
of volume 2 dm3 instead, will the time required for the reaction to complete remain the same ?
Explain.
(c)
Explain why the collisions between molecules of P(g) and Q(g) will not necessarily lead to a
reaction.
(5 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
12
0.60
11.
The table below lists the equilibrium constants, Kc, for the reversible reaction
H2(g) + CO2(g)
CO(g) + H2O(g)
Temperature/K
Kc
500
700
900
7.76 103
1.23 101
6.03 101
(a)
Based on the above information, deduce whether the forward reaction is exothermic or
endothermic.
(b)
2.0 mol of H2(g) and 2.0 mol of CO2(g) are allowed to react in a 4.0 dm3 closed container.
Calculate the concentration of CO(g), in mol dm3, in the equilibrium mixture at 700 K.
(c)
State the effect of an increase in temperature on the rate of the backward reaction.
(5 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
13
Ethyl ethanoate is an ester. It can be prepared by heating a mixture of ethanoic acid and ethanol under
reflux in the presence of a catalyst.
(a)
(b)
Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up used for heating the mixture under reflux.
(c)
Ethyl ethanoate is commonly used as a solvent. Explain why ethyl ethanoate can dissolve iodine
but cannot dissolve sodium iodide.
(d)
Draw the structure of another ester which has the same molecular formula as ethyl ethanoate, and
give its systematic name.
(8 marks)
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
14
12.
13.
Outline a synthetic route, in not more than three steps, to accomplish each of the following conversions.
For each step, give the reagent(s), the conditions and the structure of the organic product.
O
CH3CH2CH2Cl
CH3CH2C
OH
(b)
(b)
CH3CH=CH2
CH3CCH3
(6 marks)
14.
Compare the acid base properties of sodium oxide (Na2O) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) with reference to
how they interact with water molecules.
(4 marks)
END OF PART II
END OF SECTION B
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
15
(a)
16
Be
9.0
12
Mg
24.3
20
Ca
40.1
38
Sr
87.6
56
Ba
137.3
88
Ra
(226)
**
Li
6.9
11
Na
23.0
19
K
39.1
37
Rb
85.5
55
Cs
132.9
87
Fr
(223)
II
GROUP
58
Ce
140.1
90
Th
232.0
21
Sc
45.0
39
Y
88.9
57 *
La
138.9
89 **
Ac
(227)
59
Pr
140.9
91
Pa
(231)
22
Ti
47.9
40
Zr
91.2
72
Hf
178.5
104
Rf
(261)
29
Cu
63.5
47
Ag
107.9
79
Au
197.0
30
Zn
65.4
48
Cd
112.4
80
Hg
200.6
IV
7
V
8
VI
9
VII
60
Nd
144.2
92
U
238.0
23
V
50.9
41
Nb
92.9
73
Ta
180.9
105
Db
(262)
61
Pm
(145)
93
Np
(237)
24
Cr
52.0
42
Mo
95.9
74
W
183.9
62
Sm
150.4
94
Pu
(244)
25
Mn
54.9
43
Tc
(98)
75
Re
186.2
63
Eu
152.0
95
Am
(243)
26
Fe
55.8
44
Ru
101.1
76
Os
190.2
64
Gd
157.3
96
Cm
(247)
27
Co
58.9
45
Rh
102.9
77
Ir
192.2
65
Tb
158.9
97
Bk
(247)
28
Ni
58.7
46
Pd
106.4
78
Pt
195.1
66
Dy
162.5
98
Cf
(251)
67
Ho
164.9
99
Es
(252)
68
Er
167.3
100
Fm
(257)
B
10.8
13
Al
27.0
31
Ga
69.7
49
In
114.8
81
Tl
204.4
69
Tm
168.9
101
Md
(258)
C
12.0
14
Si
28.1
32
Ge
72.6
50
Sn
118.7
82
Pb
207.2
70
Yb
173.0
102
No
(259)
N
14.0
15
P
31.0
33
As
74.9
51
Sb
121.8
83
Bi
209.0
71
Lu
175.0
103
Lr
(260)
O
16.0
16
S
32.1
34
Se
79.0
52
Te
127.6
84
Po
(209)
F
19.0
17
Cl
35.5
35
Br
79.9
53
I
126.9
85
At
(210)
He
4.0
10
Ne
20.2
18
Ar
40.0
36
Kr
83.8
54
Xe
131.3
86
Rn
(222)
III
H
1.0
0
2
atomic number
PERIODIC TABLE
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
(Sample Paper)
Time allowed: 1 hour
This paper must be answered in English.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
A Periodic Table is printed on the back of this Question Book. Atomic numbers and relative
atomic masses of elements can be obtained from the Periodic Table.
Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority
All Rights Reserved 2008
(1)
Industrial Chemistry
(a)
In acid solution, chlorate ions (ClO3) slowly oxidize chloride ions to chlorine. The following
kinetic data are obtained at 25C :
[ClO3(aq)]
/mol dm3
[Cl(aq)]
/mol dm3
[H+(aq)]
/mol dm3
Initial rate
/mol dm3 s1
0.08
0.08
0.16
0.08
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.30
0.20
0.40
0.40
0.20
1.0
4.0
8.0
2.0
105
105
105
105
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
If the rate of the reaction is found to be doubled when the temperature is raised by 10C,
deduce the activation energy of the reaction.
(Gas constant R = 8.31 JK-1mol-1)
(10 marks)
(b)
For the industrial preparation of nitric acid from nitrogen, give the chemical reactions and the
conditions under which they take place.
(6 marks)
(c)
CH3
H3C
CH3
CH3
C2H5ONa H3C
CH2 + C2H5OH
NaBr
Br
(i)
With reference to green chemistry, calculate the atom economy of the reaction.
(ii)
Apart from atom economy, suggest TWO other factors that scientists should consider in
order to conduct a green production process.
(4 marks)
Materials Chemistry
(a)
O
O
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Describe briefly the arrangement of the molecules in cholesteric phase liquid crystals.
(iv)
Outline the working principle of cholesteric phase liquid crystals in Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD).
(10 marks)
(b)
Plastics can be classified into thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics according to their thermal
properties.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(I)
Write the chemical equation for the formation of PE from its monomer.
(II)
Some scientists suggested using polylactic acid (PLA) instead of PE to make shopping
bags as this can help reduce environmental problems. Part of the structure of PLA is
shown below:
CH3
CH3
O
CH3
CH3
O
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
Explain, in chemical terms, why the disposal of PLA poses less harm to the
environment than that of PE.
(10 marks)
Analytical Chemistry
(a)
Compound G , with relative molecular mass of 58, has the following composition by mass :
C : 62.1%
H : 10.3%
O : 27.6%
Transmittance (%)
100
50
0
4000
3000
2000
1500
Wavenumber / cm1
1000
500
100
Relative Intensity
80
60
40
20
0
10
20
30
40
m/z
50
60
70
(b)
Bond
Compound type
C=C
Alkenes
1610 to 1680
C=O
1680 to 1800
CC
Alkynes
2070 to 2250
CN
Nitriles
2200 to 2280
OH
Acids (hydrogen-bonded)
2500 to 3300
CH
2840 to 3095
OH
3230 to 3670
NH
Amines
3350 to 3500
(i)
(ii)
From the given spectral information and the molecular formula obtained in (i), deduce
the structural formula of compound G.
(iii)
Write an equation for the reaction of ethanol with dichromate ions under acidic
condition.
(ii)
(iii)
Suggest a method to test whether the oxidation of ethanol has been completed.
(iv)
END OF PAPER
Be
9.0
12
Mg
24.3
20
Ca
40.1
38
Sr
87.6
56
Ba
137.3
88
Ra
(226)
**
Li
6.9
11
Na
23.0
19
K
39.1
37
Rb
85.5
55
Cs
132.9
87
Fr
(223)
II
GROUP
58
Ce
140.1
90
Th
232.0
21
Sc
45.0
39
Y
88.9
57 *
La
138.9
89 **
Ac
(227)
59
Pr
140.9
91
Pa
(231)
22
Ti
47.9
40
Zr
91.2
72
Hf
178.5
104
Rf
(261)
29
Cu
63.5
47
Ag
107.9
79
Au
197.0
30
Zn
65.4
48
Cd
112.4
80
Hg
200.6
IV
7
V
8
VI
9
VII
60
Nd
144.2
92
U
238.0
23
V
50.9
41
Nb
92.9
73
Ta
180.9
105
Db
(262)
61
Pm
(145)
93
Np
(237)
24
Cr
52.0
42
Mo
95.9
74
W
183.9
62
Sm
150.4
94
Pu
(244)
25
Mn
54.9
43
Tc
(98)
75
Re
186.2
63
Eu
152.0
95
Am
(243)
26
Fe
55.8
44
Ru
101.1
76
Os
190.2
64
Gd
157.3
96
Cm
(247)
27
Co
58.9
45
Rh
102.9
77
Ir
192.2
65
Tb
158.9
97
Bk
(247)
28
Ni
58.7
46
Pd
106.4
78
Pt
195.1
66
Dy
162.5
98
Cf
(251)
67
Ho
164.9
99
Es
(252)
68
Er
167.3
100
Fm
(257)
B
10.8
13
Al
27.0
31
Ga
69.7
49
In
114.8
81
Tl
204.4
69
Tm
168.9
101
Md
(258)
C
12.0
14
Si
28.1
32
Ge
72.6
50
Sn
118.7
82
Pb
207.2
70
Yb
173.0
102
No
(259)
N
14.0
15
P
31.0
33
As
74.9
51
Sb
121.8
83
Bi
209.0
71
Lu
175.0
103
Lr
(260)
O
16.0
16
S
32.1
34
Se
79.0
52
Te
127.6
84
Po
(209)
F
19.0
17
Cl
35.5
35
Br
79.9
53
I
126.9
85
At
(210)
He
4.0
10
Ne
20.2
18
Ar
40.0
36
Kr
83.8
54
Xe
131.3
86
Rn
(222)
III
H
1.0
0
2
atomic number
PERIODIC TABLE