Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
1

Diagram 1.1 shows a driver that is driving under a hot sun, sees a pool of water appearing on the road ahead, but
the pool of water disappears as the car approaches it.

Diagram 2.1

Diagram 1.1
(a) Name this natural phenomenon as observed by the driver.
.......................................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]
(b) State the physics concept that is involved in this phenomenon.
........................................................................................................................................................[l mark]
(c) (i) How is the density of the cool air compare to the density of the warm air?
.......................................................................................................................................................[1 mark]
(ii) When light rays propagates from a denser medium to a less dense medium, state what happen to the direction
of the refracted rays.
.......................................................................................................................................................[1 mark]
(iii) Complete Diagram 1.2 to show the formation of the natural phenomenon as
shown in Diagram 1.1.
Diagram 2.2

Diagram 1.2
[1 mark]

Mark Scheme

Fig. 2.1 is a full-scale diagram that represents a sound wave of frequency 5.1 kHz in air.

Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) On Fig. 5.1, mark the position of one compression with the letter C and of one
rarefaction with the letter R. [2]

(ii) Using the full-scale diagram, measure the wavelength of this sound wave.

wavelength = .................................................. [1]

(iii) Calculate the speed of sound in air.

speed = .................................................. [3]

(b) A sound wave is longitudinal. Describe how a longitudinal wave differs from a transverse
wave.
.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
Mark Scheme

Fig. 3.1 shows the cone of a loudspeaker.

Fig. 3.1
(a) Sound is being produced. Describe in detail the behaviour of the cone and the air near
to it.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The lowest frequency that a human can hear is 20 Hz.
(i) State the highest frequency that a human with normal hearing can hear.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Calculate the longest wavelength of sound that a human can hear. The speed of
sound in air is 340 m / s.

wavelength = ................................................ [2]

Mark Scheme

Fig. 4.1 shows an old coin displayed in a museum.

Fig. 4.1
The coin is vertical and is supported by a transparent stand. A vertical mirror 0.17 m behind
the coin ensures that the back of the coin can be seen by a visitor looking from the line P.
M is a point on the back of the coin.
(a) On Fig. 4.1,
(i) draw two rays of light from M to show how its image is produced, [2]

(ii) label the image I. [1]

(b) State the distance from point M on the coin to its image.

distance = .................................................. [1]

Mark Scheme

5.

Diagram 5.1 shows a simple electromagnet used for lifting and releasing a small metal ball.

Diagram 5.1
(a) In Diagram 5.1, mark the direction of the current flow in the solenoid when the switch is on.
(b) (i) Name the magnetic pole at the end of the core P when the switch is on?

[ 1 mark ]
(ii) State the rule used to determine the pole of the magnetic field.
.
[ 1 mark ]
(iii) Based on the solenoid in Diagram 5.1, draw the magnetic field lines that is form around the solenoid when
the switch is on. In your diagram show the direction of the magnetic field lines.

[ 2 marks ]

(c) Based on Table 5, state the suitable properties to be chosen to built an electromagnet and state the reason for
your choice.
(i) Material used for the core
......
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Reason
..
[ 1 mark ]
(iii) Shape of the core
.
[ 1 mark ]
(iv) Reason

[ 1 mark ]
6

The electromagnet in 6 (c) is used in an electric bell as shown in Diagram 6.2.

Explain the working principle of the electric bell.

.............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
Mark Scheme

7
Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2 show an identical pencil is immersed in the distilled water
and sea
water respectively.

Diagram 7.1
(a) Based on Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2,

Diagram 7.2

(i) compare the bending of the pencil

...
...
[1 mark]
(ii) compare the density of distilled water and the sea water
...
.
[1 mark]
(iii) state the relationship between the density of water with the bending of the pencil
...
...
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 7.1, compare the size of the observed pencil inside and outside the
distilled water
.
..

[1 mark]
(c) Name the phenomenon shown in Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2
..
[1 mark]
(d) Diagram 7.3 shows a coin in a beaker filled with water. In Diagram 7.3 , draw a ray
diagram from a coin to the eye to show how the image of the coin is formed.

Diagram 7.3
[2 marks]
Mark Scheme

Fig.8.1 shows three wavefronts in a beam of yellow light passing through air. The wavefronts
are one wavelength apart. The beam meets a glass surface. AB is a ray of light that shows
the direction of travel of the wavefronts.

Fig. 8.1
(a) Complete Fig. 8.1 by

(i) continuing the ray AB to show the ray inside the glass,

(ii) continuing wavefront 1 inside the glass. [2]

(b) State what happens to the speed and wavelength of the waves as the beam moves from
the air to the glass.
(i) speed ........................................................................................................................
(ii) wavelength ............................................................................................................[2]

(c) The beam of yellow light in Fig. 8.1 is replaced with a beam of red light.
Describe two ways in which the completed Fig. 8.1 would change.
1. .....................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
2. .....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................[2]
Mark Scheme

Section B
Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
9.

An echo sounder on a ship produces a pulse of sound. A fishing boat uses the sound echo to determine the depth
of seabed. You are assigned to investigate the suitable characteristics of the waves that could be used to determine
the depth the seabed.

a) . State one phenomenon of waves that produces echo

[ 1 mark ]
b). Radio waves is used to detect the position of an aero plane and sonar technique is used to detect the shoal of
fish below the boat.
(i) State the difference between radio waves and sound waves.

(ii) Explain why the speed of sound is greater in water than that in air?

[ 4 marks]
c) Table 9.2 shows the specification of five waves P,Q,R,S and T that can be used to determine the position of a
shoal of fish.

You are required to determine the most suitable waves. Study the waves based on the following aspects:
i) The type of the waves transmitted

ii) The frequency of the waves

iii) The speed of the waves

iv) Penetrating power of waves

[10 marks]

Mark Scheme

10

(a) Fig. 10.1 shows a young boy lying on his back on the bottom of a swimming pool. He is
holding his breath and his eyes are open. A red light is positioned on the ground at Q.
At first the boys head is touching the pool wall. He notices that, as he slides away from
the pool wall, his eye reaches a point P where he first sees the light at Q. Fig. 9.1 shows
the boy in this position.

Fig. 10.1
(i) On Fig. 10.1, draw the ray of light travelling from Q to P. Mark the critical angle for
light in water and label it C. [2]

(ii) Explain why the boy is unable to see the red light at Q when his eye is closer to the
pool wall than P.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) The critical angle is 49. Calculate the refractive index of water.

refractive index = ......................................... [2]

(iv) The red light is now replaced with a blue light. State the effect of this on the wavelength of the light in the air.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) A small, very brightly illuminated display is located at the back of a projector. The projector lens produces an
inverted and magnified image of the display on a white classroom wall. Fig. 10.2 is a scale diagram showing the
position and size of both the display and the image on the wall. R is a point on the display.

Fig. 10.2
(i) The image is inverted and magnified. State two other properties of the image.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) On Fig. 9.2, draw the straight-line ray from R to the image. [1]

(iii) On Fig. 9.2, draw a vertical line representing the lens and label it L. [1]

(iv) A second ray from R to the image passes through a focal point (principal focus) of the lens. On Fig. 9.2, draw
this ray and use it to mark this focal point. Label this focal point F. [2]

(v) Determine the focal length of the lens.

focal length = ......................................... [2]

Mark Scheme

11

Fig. 11.1 shows an experiment in which a bell rings inside a glass jar.

Fig. 11.1
Sound is heard outside the jar.
(a) (i) Explain how sound is transmitted by the molecules of the air and the jar.

(ii) State and explain what is heard outside the jar as the air is removed from the jar.

[4]
(b) To investigate a layer of rock underground, an explosion is made on the surface of the Earth.
Fig. 11.2 shows the arrangement.

Fig. 11.2
Sound from the explosion may travel to the detector through air (path 1), through earth (path 2),
or by reflection from a layer of rock (path 3). Some sound travels into the layer of rock by path 4.
The time taken for the sound to reach the detector is shown in the table.

(i) Explain why sound arrives first at the detector along path 2.

(ii) Given that the speed of sound in air is 320 m/s, calculate the distance between the source of sound and the
detector.

(iii) Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the speed of sound in earth.

(iv) Light and sound are both waves and may be refracted and reflected. The sound travelling along path 5
undergoes total internal reflection.
1. Explain what is meant by total internal reflection.
2. Explain how Fig. 11.2 shows that sound travels faster in the layer of rock than it
does in earth.
[11]
Mark Scheme

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