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LGEBRA: Ecuaciones
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; x6 x 3 6 ; x10 2 = x10 + 0 x5 2 ; x8 + 2 x 4 = x8 + 2 x 4 + 0
De entre todos los polinomios bicuadrados, los ms sencillos son los que tienen un trmino
independiente, un monomio de grado dos y otro de grado cuatro (el doble de dos). Nos vamos a
centrar en el estudio de stos, aunque los dems casos se resuelven de forma anloga.
(C) RESOLUCIN DE ECUACIONES BICUADRADAS COMPLETAS:
El proceso que nos permite transformar las ecuaciones bicuadradas en una ecuacin de
segundo grado se llama cambio de variable, y consiste en renombrar las variables que aparecen en
la ecuacin de forma que consigamos nuestro objetivo:
ax 4 + bx 2 + c = 0
y = x2 x = y
2
y 2 = ( x2 ) = x4
ay 2 + by + c = 0
y=
b b 2 4 ac
2a
x= y
* 4 x 4 + 13 x 2 9 = 0 4 z 2 + 13 z 9 = 0 z = 9
4
1 = 1
x= 9
3
=
2
4
3
3
* x4 6 x2 + 9 = 0 n2 6 n + 9 = 0 n = x =
3
3
* x4 + 2 x2 + 8 = 0 y 2 + 2 y + 8 = 0
y=
* 2 x 4 7 x 2 3 = 0 2t 2 7 t 3 = 0 t = 2
3
1
4
2
2
* 4 x + 4 x + 1 = 0 4b + 4b + 1 = 0 b = 2
1
2
* 7 x 4 4 x 2 + 1 = 0 7 A2 4 A + 1 = 0
A=
3
3
Soluciones = , 1, 1,
2
2
Soluciones = 3 , 3 , 3 , 3
2 \
Soluciones = {2, 2}
x=
4 = 2
1
\
x=
Soluciones =
2
3 \
1
\
x=
Soluciones =
1 \
4 16 28 4 12
\ x \ Soluciones =
=
14
14
33
Departamento de Matemticas
LGEBRA: Ecuaciones
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8
8 \
x=
Soluciones = 4 8 , 4 8
y=
8
8 = 4 8
* 2 x 4 7 = 0 2t 2 7 = 0 t =
7
\ x \ Soluciones =
2
(e) Ejercicios:
ECUACIN
SOL.
ECUACIN
x 4 13 x 2 + 36 = 0
25 x 4 29 x 2 + 4 = 0
x4 8 x2 9 = 0
16 x 4 + 7 x 2 9 = 0
x4 + x2 + 3 = 0
16 x 4 + 31 x 2 2 = 0
x 4 + 12 x 2 64 = 0
x 4 10 x 2 + 25 = 0
2 x4 8 x2 + 6 = 0
x4 + x2 + 1 = 0
x 4 81 x 2 = 0
x 4 + 9 x 2 = 20
2 x 4 + 4 x 2 16 = 0
4 x 4 + 11 x 2 3 = 0
4 x 4 3 x 2 + 1 = 0
9 x4 6 x2 + 1 = 0
2 x4 + 7 x2 + 3 = 0
3 x 4 = 2 x 2 8
4 x4 + 1 = 5 x2
6 x4 + 7 x2 + 2 = 0
x4 2 x2 3 = 0
16 x 4 + 72 x 2 + 81 = 0
SOL.
34
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ECUACIN
9 x4 + 8 x2 1 = 0
x 4 = 8 x 2 15
SOL.
ECUACIN
SOL.
4 x 4 5 x 2 + 1 = 0
5 x 4 13 x 2 6 = 0
6 x 4 + x 2 2 = 0
3 x 4 14 x 2 + 8 = 0
x4 + 3 x2 = 2
5 x 2 + 3 = 2 x 4
x4 5 x2 + 4 = 0
4 x 4 + 9 x 2 2 = 0
81 x 4 72 x 2 + 16 = 0
36 x 4 13 x 2 + 1 = 0
2 x 4 + 3 x 2 = 1
x 4 = 8 x 2 + 16
7 x 4 = 49
x4 8 x2 = 0
4 x 2 + 2 = 3( x 4 + 1)
x2 5
2
= 2
x 5
2
16 x 4 1 = 0
6 x 4 10 x 2 + 2 = 3( 2 x 4 6 ) 2(5 x 2 10 )
x2 1
5 x2 7
14
= 2
9
2x 3
2 x2
x2
=
x2 2 x2 3
( x 4 2 x 2 + 1)( x 2 + 3) = x6 7 x 2 + 6
2 x 4 = 10 x 2
3 x 4 + 243 = 0
2+
12
= x2 + 3
x 3
x2 + 3 x2 1
=
x2
2 x2 2
(x
2 ) + x2 = 4 2 (1 x2 )
35
Departamento de Matemticas
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div (-3)
div (-2 )
1 3
= 1, 3, ,
{1, 2}
2 2
{1, 3}
0 = -2 x 4 + 4 x 3 5 x 2 + 6 x 3 = ( x 1) ( 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 3 x + 3)
3
2
2 x + 2 x 3 x + 3 = 0 (ecuacin que tenemos que resolver y que tiene un grado menos)
36
Departamento de Matemticas
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* - 2 x4 + 4 x3 5 x2 + 6 x 3 = 0
-2
-2
2
1
div(-3)
div(-2 )
2 x2 3 = 0
{1, 2}
{1, 3}
x=
= 1, 3,
3
2
3
,
2 2
1
Soluciones = {1, 1}
* 2 x5 3 x4 + x 3 = 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0
2 -3 1 0
2 3 1 0 0
0
0 0 0 0
2 3 1
0 0
12 4 3 1
1/ 2
6
12 10
0 0 0
2 3
12 4 3 1
4
* 12 x + 4 x 3 x x = 0
2 3 1 0
0
2 x2 3 x + 1 = 0
12 4 3 1
div ( 1)
{1}
1 1 1 1 1
=
= 1, , , , ,
div (12 ) {1,2,3,4 ,6 ,12}
2 3 4 6 12
1
-1 -1
12 x + 10 x + 2 = 0 x = 2 Soluciones =
, , 0,
1
2 3
2
3
2
1 / 2
1
Soluciones = 0 , 0 , 0 , , 1
x=
2
(D) Ejercicios:
ECUACIN
SOLUCIONES
2 x 3 x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 0
x 3 2 x 2 + 9 x + 18 = 0
2 x 3 3 x 2 9 x + 10 = 0
6 x 3 11 x 2 + 6 x 1 = 0
2 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 28 x 15 = 0
Jos Gallegos Fernndez
37
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ECUACIN
SOLUCIONES
2 ( x + 3) ( x 2 2 ) = 0
x 2 ( x + 7 )( 2 x + 9) = 0
x3 + 3 x2 3 x + 1 = 0
x 3 6 x 2 + 11 x 6 = 0
12 x 3 4 x 2 13 x 4 = 0
2 x3 3 x2 4 x + 6 = 0
8 x 3 + 12 x 2 + 6 x + 1 = 0
x3 x2 + x 1 = 0
3 x3 4 x2 3 x 2 = 0
2 x3 x2 x 3 = 0
6 x 3 + 23 x 2 42 x 2 + 49 = 0
2 x4 + 7 x3 + 9 x2 + 5 x + 1 = 0
18 x 4 + 3 x 3 + 19 x 2 4 = 0
3 x 4 + 4 x 3 + 5 x 2 2 x = 0
x4 x3 5 x2 3 x = 0
2 x 4 + 3 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 15 x 25 = 0
12 x 4 + 4 x 3 3 x 2 x = 0
x4 + x3 5 x2 + x 6 = 0
x 4 2 x 3 + 9 x 2 + 18 x = 0
x4 7 x3 6 x2 = 0
2 x 4 + 9 x 3 + 6 x 2 5 x = 0
x 4 7 x 3 18 x 2 = 0
2 x 4 2 x 3 16 x 2 + 4 x + 24 = 0
Jos Gallegos Fernndez
38
Departamento de Matemticas
LGEBRA: Ecuaciones
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ECUACIN
SOLUCIONES
3 x 4 6 x 3 13 x 2 + 24 x + 4 = 0
(x
4 ) ( 3 x 2 6 x 1) = 0
6 x 4 + 11 x 3 = 15 x 2 + 6 x
x 4 x 3 36 x 2 = 37 x + 35
2 x5 + x4 6 x 3 3 x 2 + 4 x + 2 = 0
x5 + x4 2 x 3 2 x 2 3 x 3 = 0
x5 3 x 4 + 3 x 3 x 2 = 0
6 x 5 13 x 4 16 x 3 + 51 x 2 32 x + 4 = 0
2 x 5 5 x 4 3 x 3 + x 2 + x = 0
2 x 5 4 x 4 + 7 x 3 10 x 2 + 5 x = 0
x 5 + 2 x 4 10 x 3 = 20 x 2 9 x 18
3 x 5 + 5 x 4 5 x 2 = 112 x + 55 x 3 60
2 x 5 13 x 4 + 7 x 3 7 x 2 + 5 x + 6 = 0
3 x 5 16 x 4 25 x 3 6 x 2 + 4 x 8 = 0
4 x 5 16 x 4 + 19 x 3 76 x 2 5 x + 20 = 0
27 x 5 + 9 x 4 12 x 3 4 x 2 = 0
x6 4 x 5 + 4 x 4 + 5 x 2 20 x + 20 = 0
x6 + 7 x 4 10 x 2 = 0
x6 27 x 4 + 51 x 2 25 = 0
3 x6 11 x 4 = 4 x 2
2 x7 3 x6 14 x 5 + 21 x 4 + 28 x 3 42 x 2 16 x + 24 = 0
2 x7 11 x6 12 x 5 + 9 x 4 + 2 x 3 + 11 x 2 + 12 x 9 = 0
39
Departamento de Matemticas
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Comprobacin
3 x = 10 1
3 x + 1 = 10
3 x = 9
3 9 + 1 = 10
(3 x )
= (9 )
3 3 + 1 = 10
9 + 1 = 10
9 x = 81
x=
* 14 + x = x 2
81
x = x 2 14
x 4 28 x 2 x + 196 = 0
=9
10 = 10
( x) = (x
2
14 )
x = x 4 + 196 28 x 2
Comprobacin : x = 4 14 + 4 = 4
14 + 2 = 16 16 = 16
* 2 x + 1 x + 5 = 2 2 x + 1 + 2 = x + 5
4 x + 4 + 4 x 5 = 8 x + 1 3 x + 3 = 8 x + 1
9 x 2 + 9 + 18 x = 64 ( x + 1) 9 x 2 46 x 55 = 0
(2
Solucin = {4}
) = ( x + 5 ) 4( x + 1) + 4 + 8 x + 1 = x + 5
= ( 8 x + 1 ) 9 x + 9 + 18 x = 64 ( x + 1)
x+12
( 3x + 3)
x=4
x = 55
9
Comprobacin :
x = 1 2 1 + 1 1 + 5 = 2 2 0 4 = 2 2 0 2 = 2 0 2 = 2 2 = 2
55
55
64
100
8 10
55
2
+1
+ 5 = 2 2
= 2 2
= 2
9
9
9
9
9
3 3
Solucin = {1}
x=
16 10
= 2
3
3
6
= 2 2 2
3
40
Departamento de Matemticas
LGEBRA: Ecuaciones
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(D) Ejercicios:
ECUACIN
x8 = 2
4x + 5 = 5
x 3 = 2
x -1 = 3
SOL.
ECUACIN
5 = 3x + 1
3 + 2x = 8
11 = 7 + 10 4 x
7 x = 14
2 x 7 + 9 = 10
2 5x 3 = 7
5x + 1 = 6
3 x + 1 = 10
x + 1 4 x 15 = 4
x2 =5
x = 2 x2 2
x+5 + x+3 =5
2x + 5 x + 3 = 2
x2 + x 2 = 2 x + 4
16 x 7 = 8 x 4
x + 1 + 2 = 6x 2
4 x + 1 3x 2 = 1
x+ x = x+3
x + 1 x2 8 = 1
3 x x + 5 = 5
5 + 4 x = 3 x 35
SOL.
3x + 4 2x 5 = 2
36 + x = 2 + x
41